From: Colombian Labor Monitor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sun, 13 May 2001 22:30:22 -0500 (CDT)
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: CLM: Weekend Digest 13 May 2001
1. DEUTSCHE PRESSE-AGENTUR -- Sunday, 13 May 2001
At least 26 die in Colombia clashes as paramilitary leader
arrested
20. ANTIWAR.COM -- Thursday, 10 May 2001
Outsourced Tyranny: The Use of Private Companies to do
Governments' Dirty Work
By S. Leon Felkins, Major, US Army (Retired)
________________________________________________________________
****************************************************************
DEUTSCHE PRESSE-AGENTUR
Sunday, 13 May 2001
At least 26 die in Colombia clashes
as paramilitary leader arrested
-----------------------------------
BOGOTA -- At least 24 leftist rebels and two government soldiers were
killed Saturday in clashes throughout Colombia, the military said. The
fighting came on the same day that police arrested a top leader of a
right-wing paramilitary group.
Six rebels with the Cuban-oriented National Liberation Army (ELN) were
killed in a fight in the west-central state of Tolima after they had
abducted seven civilians at a road block.
The rebels were taking the hostages into the mountains when, the military
said, it mounted a rescue attempt. The hostages were freed unharmed, but a
soldier died, officers said.
Another eight rebels with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
(FARC), the nation's largest guerrilla group, and one soldier were killed
in northern Santander state, said General Hector Martinez, commander of
the 14th Army Brigade.
He added that "Operation Hurricane" had also destroyed eight FARC camps
and captured weapons.
Another 10 FARC rebels were killed in clashes in northwestern and western
Colombia, the military said.
The day's death toll was higher that average. The Inter- American
Commission on Human Rights reported that in the past months an average of
19 people per day died in political violence in Colombia.
Meanwhile, the police said they scored an important victory against the
paramilitaries with the arrest of one of the financial chiefs of the
United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia, a force accused of conducting
numerous massacres against civilians.
Wilson Rodriguez, also known as "Dago", is accused of a number of human
rights crimes.
FARC and the ELN have accused the government of being soft on the
paramilitaries, and FARC, which has an army of 16,000 men and women, has
broken off peace talks with the government for months at a time for that
reason. The talks, begun in 1999 and resumed in February, have made little
progress.
The ELN, with about 4,500 fighters, abandoned peace talks April 19 after
the government failed to keep a promise to give the ELN a
4,750-square-kilometre demilitarized safe haven.
FARC was granted a Switzerland-sized demilitarized zone in 1998 in return
for entering serious peace talks to end Colombia's 37-year civil war.
Copyright 2001 Deutsche Presse-Agentur
Thursday, 10 May 2001
Outsourced Tyranny:
The Use of Private Companies
to do Governments' Dirty Work
-----------------------------
By S. Leon Felkins, Major, US Army (Retired)
"In the latest incident, three American crewmen - on contract to the CIA -
and a Peruvian officer were flying surveillance when they spotted the
missionaries' Cessna as it headed over the Amazon jungle."
This quote, from one of the news articles about the shoot down of the
private plane in Peru and the murder of the mother and her baby by the
Drug Warriors
[Note 1] while getting little notice by the news media or the public, is
the most important piece of information in the whole news report. That is,
the fact that three American government contractors were on a surveillance
plane accompanying the war planes, exposes the heart and soul of what the
Drug War is all about.
Which is money, jobs and control. But you knew that already. You had to
know that this massively failed Drug War - illogically fighting a societal
problem that pales in comparison to the damage resulting from alcohol and
smoking abuse but which continues to absorb massive funds, manpower,
decency, and Constitutional rights - has to have some logic behind it. It
most certainly is not the health and welfare of the citizens of this
country and the world.
Eisenhower warned of the "Military-Industrial Complex." He must be doing
cartwheels in his grave today for what we had then is insignificant to
what has developed since then.
The complex network of contractors, military, politicians, foreign
governments, and the drug traffickers will be examined in this essay.
Contractor involvement in the drug war
As with nearly all government activity in these times, contractors are
involved extensively in all aspects. They provide people, equipment, and
many forms of support. In fact, it is obvious that a major force in
continuing and expanding the "Drug War" is the profit motive for
government contractors. Of course, politicians want to maintain control
and government employees have a strong incentive to protect their jobs and
the permanence of their agencies but "bringing in the bucks" is probably
the number one motivation for the whole mess of them.
It is disturbing that businesses have little concern about accepting
government contracts for doing, if not sleazy work, certainly less than
noble work. But I suppose this is just the way it is. A corporation has no
morals and the people that run the corporations seem to not be much better
off. Civilian contractors willingly and enthusiastically supplied Hitler
with arms and materials in World War II, and it appears we can expect no
better from most of the large government contractors we have in the USA
today.
But let us get to the specifics in Latin America, a very representative
example about what President Ike was trying to warn us about.
"Plan Colombia," a $1.3 billion aid bill
To get a feel for how strong this profit incentive is, we only have to
look at the recent $1.3 billion aid bill passed by Congress and signed by
President Clinton.
In an article in the Dallas Morning News, "Contractors Playing Increasing
Role in U.S. Drug War," February 27, 2000, By Tod Robberson, it is stated
that "At least six U.S. military-specialty companies have set up
operations in the region, apparently in anticipation of future
Colombia-related contracts, according to U.S. military sources.
Two Virginia-based companies, DynCorp Inc. and Military Professional
Resources Inc., or MPRI, are completing contracts related to logistical
support and training of Colombian police and counterinsurgency forces,
officials of those companies say. "
Curiosity overwhelms me and I have to know what these and other companies
find so interesting in this dangerous land full of snakes, drug lords, and
leftist guerrillas.[Note 2]
Could this relatively poor country possibly pay the kind of salaries and
travel perks that these Beltway Bandits are accustomed to getting? Sure,
the $1.3 billion is bound to have some influence but - allegedly - the
Colombian government itself will be funding the vast majority of the drug
fighting effort there.
So, the first question that comes to mind is why did the U.S. decide to
make this major contribution. That question was fairly well answered by a
page at the D2KLA site, an organization set up to "to coordinate and
support events and nonviolent protests during the Democratic National
Convention in Los Angeles, August 14-17." At that site they have a list of
issues, appropriately named "What are the issues?," in which they
summarize some of the financial exchanges between industry and the
Washington Politicians which relate to this appropriation. Here is a quote
from the sub-section titled, "Defense Contractors And The Colombia
Military Aid Package":
The aid package was written [Note 3] and passed with the help of a major
lobbying effort by drug czar Barry McCaffrey, arms manufacturers, and
corporations with investments in Colombia. Bell Helicopter Textron and
United Technologies Corp., makers of the helicopters listed in Clinton's
proposal, offered chopper rides to members of Congress.
United Technologies gave more than $700,000 to both parties in the past
two election cycles, and Bell Helicopter gave nearly $1 million. In 1999,
United Technologies shifted most of its soft-money donations to the
Democrats, giving $125,000 to the party - $75,000 of that in a single
check 11 days before the Clinton Administration proposed the package.
United Technologies has also been especially generous to individual
legislators recently. According to the Center for Responsive Politics,
during the past two years the company and its employees gave $33,200 to
Democratic Senator Christopher Dodd and Republican Representative Sam
Gejdenson, both from Connecticut. Rep. Gejdenson is the ranking member of
the House International Relations Committee. Sen. Dodd is the ranking
member of the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Narcotics. Dodd,
traditionally a progressive ally on human rights issues and the effort to
end the Cuban embargo, is supporting the plan. A Bell Helicopter lobbyist
told the Legal Times, "It's business for us, and we are as aggressive as
anybody. I'm just trying to sell helicopters."
Members of the US-Colombia Business Partnership - a group of multinational
corporations with interests in Colombia - also lobbied the administration
and Congress for aid. The Occidental Petroleum Corp., which claims that
its project in Colombia has lost $100 million because of terrorist
activity, sent a representative to testify on behalf of the new military
support before the House Government Reform Subcommittee on Drug Policy.
Since 1992, Occidental has donated nearly half a million dollars to the
Democrats, and Vice President Al Gore, who owns stock in Occidental, has
received $10,000 from company executives and their wives for his
presidential run.
Well, there you have it - a clear explanation of why the bill got passed.
Still, more details of the actual spending would be interesting to know.
Like, are we really giving all this money to Colombian politicians to
spend as they please? Are there strings attached? Well, of course. I found
the details in the essay "The Contents of the Colombia Aid Package" at the
Center for International Policy site. Here are some quotes on the details:
Though the aid package totals $1.319 billion, only 65 percent of that
amount - $860.3 million - is assistance for Colombia. The other 35 percent
is assistance for neighboring countries [Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and
others] and increases for U.S. agencies' Andean region anti-drug
operations.
The biggest single item in the military assistance category is $328
million for helicopters.
The new counternarcotics battalions are to receive sixteen UH-60 Blackhawk
helicopters at a cost of $208 million. (An additional two Blackhawks are
to go to the Colombian National Police at a cost of $26 million.) The
battalions will also receive thirty UH-1H Huey helicopters, upgraded to
the "Super Huey" configuration; the Colombian National Police are to
receive another twelve Hueys. The $120 million price tag for the Hueys
includes maintenance and operation costs for these helicopters and for
eighteen more that were provided to Colombia's Army in late 1999.
Of course, all this complexity will require training, maintenance, etc.
and that is where the Beltway Bandit Body Shops come in. They will get a
nice chunk, you can be assured.
So, basically, in case you were worried, practically all the money will
come back to the US. The giving of "aid" to all these countries - Central
and South America, Kosovo, Bosnia, etc., is simply part of the pipeline to
funnel money from the taxpayers to the politicians and U.S. corporations.
As I noted in a previous paper, "Cheney Takes Another Spin Around the
Washington Revolving Door," Vice President Cheney is an old hand at this
operation. In fact, he (while Secretary of Defense) and Bush I, set up the
original "Andean Initiative" in 1989 wherein they provided $65 million in
"emergency aid." Details of this exercise are covered in the book, Drugs
and Foreign Policy, edited by Raphael Perl, a chapter of which is
temporarily online, thanks to Google's Cache!
This effort was one of the early "trial balloons" to test how far the
government could go in getting around the "Posse Comitatus" law in
providing military solutions to civilian law enforcement problems. Once
they noticed that military intervention by American forces was only
prohibited in the U.S. itself, this concern quickly melted away.
The military involvement in policing citizens
LEDET Program
When there is a public or press outcry against government or military
infringement on citizen's rights, the first and major response by the
agencies involved is to figure out a way around the restriction. For
example, if the public gets riled at certain employees of the government,
like the government participants of the Ruby Ridge disaster, they will
hide these individuals from public view for awhile and then quietly
reinstate them in some other position, usually as good or better than
their old positions.
It seems clear that the purpose of the Posse Comitatus Act was to prohibit
military involvement in civilian law enforcement. But the act only
specifically mentioned the Army (Air Force is included because it used to
be part of the Army) - the Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard were left out
(see "The Posse Comitatus Act: A Principle In Need Of Renewal"). However,
the Act was later extended to the Navy and Marines by regulation.
Since the Coast Guard has an express law enforcement responsibility in
peacetime, the act does not apply to it. They are not part of the military
except in time of war.
So, legally the Coast Guard could search and seize ships at sea suspected
of smuggling drugs. But they don't have all the technical goodies and the
almost infinite funds and political clout of the military, particularly
the Navy. So what to do? Simple. You transfer "control" of the Navy vessel
to the Coast Guard at the appropriate time.
Specifically, that means that all the force, power, and resources of the
military will be brought to bear in intercepting a suspected drug
smuggler. At the last moment the ship's Navy flag is replaced with a Coast
Guard flag and a USCG person takes "control" of the ship. Then they order
the suspected drug smuggling ship to stop and the USCG detachment boards
and searches the ship under threat of being blown out of the water by
this, now "Coast Guard ship." Neat but don't try this with your own
vehicle.
Training, Offloading Hardware, and Supporting Police Departments
Since the start of the Drug War, the military has become increasingly
involved with the police departments across our country. This is of great
concern to civil libertarians and many essays have been written warning us
of the dangers. Of course, the politicians have paid little attention to
those warnings for other interests drive them.
Some recent papers I found on the web are: "Sacramento Bee: Beware of feds
bearing weapons," "Warrior Cops: The Ominous Growth of Paramilitarism in
American Police Departments," and "The Militarization of 'Mayberry'."
The Posse Comitatus Act, as revised, and other statutes, allow some
domestic use of the military, specifically when there is an emergency that
the states cannot handle. The law has been further weakened in modern
times by the drug warriors and now allows the military to get involved in
drug interdiction at our borders.
The military also has a great need to offload obsolete equipment (and new,
I suppose).
The constant need for the industries to sell new stuff to the military
requires that something be done with the old. While we offload billions of
dollars worth of the stuff on third world countries, dumping some of it on
police forces can help too. So, we have police forces that now look like
armies.
And act that way too, for they are receiving military training also. As
the above listed articles point out, this is a grave mistake because to
the soldier, you are either a friend or an enemy and if you are enemy, the
goal is to cause you great harm and even death.
Police are technically not suppose to be that way. In fact, in the old
days, policemen in the US were often considered to be friends of the
community. It is a sad thing to see that culture pass away.
It Could Be Worse
The essay, "The Posse Comitatus Act: A Principle In Need Of Renewal" by
Matthew Hammond, states that there have been several recent attempts to
further weaken the Posse Comitatus Act. Fortunately, they have failed - so
far. Some examples (quoted from the essay):
After the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City, President
Clinton proposed an exception to the PCA to allow the military to aid
civilian authorities in investigations involving "weapons of mass
destruction." (fertilizer bombs?)
[Presidential] candidate Lamar Alexander even proposed replacing the
Immigration and Naturalization Service and the Border Patrol with a new
branch of the armed forces.
Congress also considered legislation to directly involve federal troops in
enforcing customs and immigration laws at the border.
The working-level government is 90% contractors now
As I pointed out in my article, "How Can You Tell When a Politician Is
Lying?," politicians are very deceitful when it comes to discussing just
how big our bloated government is. In his extensive study on this subject,
Paul Light of the Brookings Institute has shown that the true size, when
you add in all the government contractors, is nearly ten times the
admitted size. These contractors literally take the place of lower level
government employees, doing exactly the same work as was done by the civil
servants, often working directly for a legitimate civil service manager.
There are several reasons why "outsourcing" has become so popular:
Congress wants it to promote more profit making by private industries
Government people may feel that a contractor can do a better job or that
the job is just too nasty or difficult. Pure laziness may be involved too
- and why not when the taxpayers, with very deep pockets it seems, are
paying the bills.
Liability and political considerations. Contractors are less liable than
uniformed soldier might be - see the Dallas Morning News article,
"Contractors Playing Increasing Role in U.S. Drug War" for more on this.
Government wants to claim that it is not a huge bloated monstrosity (and
still growing, in fact)!
Nearly every government agency is now outsourcing essentially all the real
work that their agency is supposed to do. I will mention a few federal
agencies, but state governments also extensively use contractors.
The Military and NASA
The military has been rapidly outsourcing more and more of its functions
in the last 50 years or so. They have always had the support and the
involvement of contractors in developing and building war machines. Since
retired military often are hired by these companies, usually in positions
that match the position they had in service, the entanglement that
President Eisenhower referred to is very real. You can read about a
specific example of this, the contracts that Halliburton received for
support in the Balkans and other areas of conflict around the world in my
article previously mentioned, "Cheney Takes Another Spin Around the
Washington Revolving Door."
Department of Justice (DOJ)
As discussed elsewhere in this essay, DOJ has a number of sub-contractors,
but by far the number one is DynCorp, which does most of their routine
paper work, including computer programming, database management, whatever.
Through the US Marshals, they also contract out the management of the
seized property, auctions, etc. to many private contractors all over the
country.
The very profitable prison business
There are many government agencies involved in the management of the huge
number of incarcerated citizens that has resulted from the Drug War
(supposedly, we have the highest incarceration rate in the world, 6 or 7
times greater than the other free world nations). There are many articles
on the web about this. A good one is ABC News' "Profit & Punishment."
Others too numerous to go into here.
Would any public spirited American corporation stoop so low as to accept
these jobs that debase the Constitution and infringe on the
rights of citizens? All of them - in a heartbeat! I personally worked for
many years as one of those warm bodies provided by one of the contractors
mentioned below (I hastily add, my work was in support of the NASA Space
Station program, in some ways a little less sleazy than being an "advisor"
in Kosovo and Columbia). The bidding for these kinds of jobs was pursued
vigorously!
>From what I have seen on the web in preparation of this article it appears
that the primary players in the government contracting or outsourcing
(commonly known as "Beltway Bandits" because of their locations or major
offices are generally on the beltway around Washington, D.C.) are:
Dyncorp
According to the Knight Ridder Newspaper article, "U.S. civilians taking
risks in Colombian drug war," of 26 February 2001,
... DynCorp is the biggest, with sales of $1.2 billion a year - 95 percent
from contracts with the U.S. government. It runs everything from one of
the computer centers that handled the 2000 Census to the maintenance of
the Kuwaiti Air Force, the administration of a U.S. military air base in
the Honduran town of Palmerola and the sale of military surplus from
former U.S. bases in Panama.
It is also a major source of bodies for the Department of Justice,
providing contract employees to help manage the massive amount of loot
take under their Asset Forfeiture program. There the contract employees do
a wide range of tasks - about everything except doing the actual seizures.
Military Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI)
According to Bill Weinberg in his article, "Corporate Interests Behind
$1.7 Billion Colombia Drug War Aid Package":
MPRI spokesman Ed Soyster, a retired Army lieutenant general and former
director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, told the Dallas Morning News
his company is gearing up for new business after the aid package is
approved. MPRI even helped the Colombian government devise the official,
three-phase "action plan" that was presented to Congress outlining how the
$1.28 billion would be allocated.
Says Soyster: "We're a military company. We're able to hand-pick our
people from a select group of guys who like to come into this type of
environment." MPRI maintains a database of 11,000 vets available to work
on assignment, and has also provided training and logistical support for
military operations in the Balkans, Middle East and Africa.
According to Time Magazine, January 15, 1996; page 34, MPRI is:
"the greatest corporate assemblage of military expertise in the world."
With 160 full-time employees and some 2,000 retired generals, admirals and
other officers on call, it is making a fair claim.
Northrop Grumman
A huge government contractor that markets both hardware and services.
According to the Knight Ridder Newspaper article mentioned above,
Northrop Grumman of Los Angeles provides an unknown number of U.S.
citizens that operate and maintain five radar stations in eastern and
southern Colombia that track suspected drug smuggling flights.
Tracking data is beamed to Key West in Florida, home of the drug-fighting
Joint Interagency Task Force-East, under the 1998 contract administered by
the Defense Department's Air Combat Command in Hampton, Va.
Halliburton
All I know about Halliburton, I reported on in my article, "Cheney Takes
Another Spin Around the Washington Revolving Door."
Sandline
Armor Holdings, Inc.
SAIC
According to the article, "A Hiroshima in the U.S.?," by Maria Tomchick,
SAIC is involved in the Balkans along with MPRI and other companies too
numerous to mention.
CACI International Inc
Wrap-up
Military regimes in Latin American have tended to be the norm. In the old
days when we had a government that made some pretense at following the
Constitution and supporting human rights around the world, we actually
took some actions to help stifle these military and dictatorial regimes
and to establish civilian governments there.
Now we support the encourage and military no matter how ruthless. We now
have a higher call - making money!
In particular, the Colombian military is considered one of the most
ruthless in the world at this time (See "Columbia" at the Teknopunx,
"People Against Power Abuse," site).
Working with and through the very powerful paramilitary force in that
country, they have murdered, maimed and otherwise inflicted harm on
thousands of Colombian citizens, especially the peasants.
When a twinge of conscience surfaced for some of our legislators, they
added provisions in the "Plan Columbia" to require certain conditions to
further and protect human rights.
But they quickly recovered and quietly added a provision that would allow
the President to suspend these provisions.
And he did.
So it all worked out; all the politicians got their fat contributions, the
defense industry got to sell a bunch of iron, the Beltway Bandits will
keep their macho, former military, employees busy and out of trouble, the
Colombian military gets a stockpile of new exotic toys to play with, and
the murder and torture of helpless civilians goes on as usual. Oh, I
almost forgot: the drug business also goes on as usual, the eradication of
the Colombian vegetation having no significant impact (only hurting the
peasants that happen to live there) and the guerillas will have had a
substantial increase in the support for their cause by the Colombian
civilians being further harassed by their evil government - and the
Gringos.
Everybody is happy.
Postscript
Just as this article was being finished, I received an email from Matthew
Gaylor's "Freematt" mail group [Note 4] in which he quoted an article from
Jane's Foreign Report , titled "Colombians bypass Plan Colombia." It
appears that the devastation of the coca crops and any other vegetation in
the area is already underway. Unfortunately, the money to support the
native farmers who must now find a new source of sustenance - hasn't quite
arrived yet. You know how these things are - you can't have everything on
time.
Here are some quotes:
Vast stretches of southern Colombia now look like desert - crops withered
away, the ground parched and brown, vegetation burnt by chemicals. The
American-sponsored aerial drug eradication, the biggest in the world, is
well under way, destroying every plant that grows over 30,000 hectares in
this fragile Amazonian ecosystem. "This is a carefully planned campaign,"
says James Mack, the American point-man for Plan Colombia, the anti-drugs
plan financed by $1.3 billion of American aid. "These crop-dusting
aircraft are spraying areas plotted with aerial photographs and are guided
by satellite positioning systems."
On the ground, however, there is evidence that legal crops are being
destroyed too. Fields of plantain, almost a mile from the nearest drug
field, were withered and brown after the passing of a crop- dusting plane.
While the fumigation campaign has been going since the end of last year,
the other component of Plan Colombia, the $80m to help coca farmers switch
to legal crops, has not arrived. "What are we supposed to do?" asks
Cecilia Amaya, who heads a peasant association based in Puerto Asis, the
largest town in Putumayo province. "The promised help has not arrived, and
we suspect it will never arrive. Corrupt politicians have already pocketed
it."
Few Colombians believe the American strategy has any chance of success.
The street price of cocaine has not changed since the fumigations began.
The only visible effects are the ravaged landscape, some 10,000 people
displaced since the programme began at the end of last year, and an
increase in acts of violence. A kilo of cocaine is worth up to $50,000 in
the United States, $80,000 in Europe, and most Colombians believe that as
long as the demand remains the supply will feed it.
Notes:
1. An interesting quote:
Senator Mitch McConnell (KY) did propose a bill in the summer of 1989 to
empower the military to shoot down suspected drug-smuggling aircraft but
Congress refused to let it out of committee; see J. Baker, "The 'You Fly,
You Die' Debate," Newsweek (October 2, 1989), 26. The executive branch
later made it clear that: "consistent with international law and in the
interests of aviation safety, no action may now be taken to stop or
interrupt the progress of a target aircraft in flight"; see ONDCP, 1989
National Drug Control, 76. ("The Role of the Military" Note 31, from the
book, Drugs and Foreign Policy, Westview Press, 1991, edited by Raphael
Perl.
[This is for those of you, especially you private plane pilots, that think
it can't happen here.!]
2. For political reasons, in the U.S. these guerrillas are called
"Narco-guerrillas," a term credited to former Drug Czar, General
McCaffrey. Per Stan Goff, in the article, "'Narco-guerrillas': alibi for
intervention,"
White House antidrug chief Gen. Barry McCaffrey (no coincidence that he is
the former commander of Southcom, the Theater Command for the U.S. armed
forces in Latin America) and Defense Secretary William Cohen are arguing
for a massive expansion of aid to Colombia.
"Fighting communists" no longer goes well with the public after the
Vietnam disaster.
3. Actually it appears that MPRI may have had a hand in writing the bill.
According to
Ron Rowe in an article, in an article, "The Privatization of War,"
... [MPRI] should be well-placed for a contract, since it also helped the
Colombian government devise the official, three-phase "action plan" that
was presented to Congress last month outlining how the $1.6 billion would
be allocated.
4. To subscribe to Freematt's Alerts: Pro-Individual Rights Issues Send a
blank message to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the words subscribe FA on the
subject line.
Leon Felkins is a retired Engineer, Army officer and former teacher of
Computer Systems. He now maintains a web page on Political Philosophy, "A
Rational Life", and another on the history of politics, "Political
Almanac."
Copyright 2001 by Leon Felkins in Antiwar.com
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