Jon, List,
I think, an aspect of the distinction between normative and descriptive sciences is, whether the scientist belongs to the object of inquiry or not. If he*she belongs to the object, he*she on one hand is influenced by it, and on the other hand influences it, has a responsibility for i
Supplement: On the other hand, if ants or bees would evolve to intelligent species, I find it likely, that with intelligence would come individualism.
Jon, List,
Minimum suffering can be achieved with two different principles, the categorical imperative, and the utilitaristic princip
Jon, List,
Minimum suffering can be achieved with two different principles, the categorical imperative, and the utilitaristic principle. In real situations, applying both often leads to contradiction. So, to get from is to ought, there has to be an agreement, which of both principles is the mor
