RE: [protobuf] Linker error
That was it! I changed the order and it worked! $(CXX) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS) Thanks a lot. Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2013 09:03:04 + Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error From: oliver.jow...@gmail.com To: farhan1...@hotmail.com CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com On Tue, Mar 5, 2013 at 2:25 AM, Mohammad Husain wrote: g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` -o hello_protobuf hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o Probably just argument ordering. The library reference (which will come from pkg-config --libs) needs to appear after the object files that refer to symbols in the library. In particular the g++ manpage says "It makes a difference where in the command you write [the -l option]; the linker searches and processes libraries and object files in the order they are specified. Thus, foo.o -lz bar.o searches library z after file foo.o but before bar.o. If bar.o refers to functions in z, those functions may not be loaded." Oliver -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Protocol Buffers" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Protocol Buffers" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
Re: [protobuf] Linker error
On Tue, Mar 5, 2013 at 2:25 AM, Mohammad Husain wrote: > > g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` -o hello_protobuf > hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o > Probably just argument ordering. The library reference (which will come from pkg-config --libs) needs to appear after the object files that refer to symbols in the library. In particular the g++ manpage says "It makes a difference where in the command you write [the -l option]; the linker searches and processes libraries and object files in the order they are specified. Thus, foo.o -lz bar.o searches library z after file foo.o but before bar.o. If bar.o refers to functions in z, those functions may not be loaded." Oliver -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Protocol Buffers" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
RE: [protobuf] Linker error
Hi all, With Ilia's help I could make some progress. I could come up with a Makefile which demonstrates that the problem is definitely with the way I am writing the Makefile: all: hello_protobuf DEBUG = -g LDFLAGS += `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` CXXFLAGS += `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` -Wall $(DEBUG) protoc_middleman: user.proto protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto @touch protoc_middleman OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o hello_protobuf_1: hello_protobuf.cc protoc_middleman pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed $(CXX) hello_protobuf.cc user.pb.cc -o hello_protobuf `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` hello_protobuf: protoc_middleman $(OBJS) $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) .PHONY = clean clean: -rm -f *.o protoc_middleman -rm -f hello_protobuf The target "hello_protobuf_1" builds fine. I basically copied it from the Makefile in the examples directory: $ make hello_protobuf_1 protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed -pthread -I/usr/local/include g++ hello_protobuf.cc user.pb.cc -o hello_protobuf `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` $ ./hello_protobuf Username: username and ID: 1 However, the more conventional looking target "hello_protobuf" fails to build. I don't see any reason why it should fail: $ make clean; make hello_protobuf rm -f *.o protoc_middleman rm -f hello_protobuf protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` -Wall -g -c -o hello_protobuf.o hello_protobuf.cc g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` -Wall -g -c -o user.pb.o user.pb.cc g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` -o hello_protobuf hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o hello_protobuf.o: In function `misc::User::set_username(char const*)': user.pb.h:488: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::kEmptyString' ... Does anyone have any idea what I am missing with the target "hello_protobuf"? From: farhan1...@hotmail.com To: imir...@alum.mit.edu CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com Subject: RE: [protobuf] Linker error Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 11:10:24 -0800 Hi Ilia, Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is being used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not have either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can build the executable successfully using the default ones. # See README.txt. .PHONY: all cpp java python clean all: cpp java python cpp:add_person_cpplist_people_cpp java: add_person_java list_people_java python: add_person_python list_people_python clean: rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java add_person_python list_people_python rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class com/example/tutorial/*.class rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java rm -f *.pyc rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto protoc --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --python_out=. addressbook.proto @touch protoc_middleman add_person_cpp: add_person.cc protoc_middleman pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed c++ add_person.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o add_person_cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` list_people_cpp: list_people.cc protoc_middleman pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed c++ list_people.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o list_people_cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` javac_middleman: AddPerson.java ListPeople.java protoc_middleman javac AddPerson.java ListPeople.java com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java @touch javac_middleman add_person_java: javac_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_java..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_java @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH AddPerson "$$@"' >> add_person_java @chmod +x add_person_java list_people_java: javac_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_java..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_java @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH ListPeople "$$@"' >> list_people_java @chmod +x list_people_java add_person_python: add_person.py protoc_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_python..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_python @echo './add_person.py "$$@"' >> add_person_python @chmod +x add_person_python list_people_python: list_people.py protoc_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_python..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_python @echo
RE: [protobuf] Linker error
I added that but nothing changed :( > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 17:13:57 -0500 > Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > > There's a -c missing... the line should be like > > $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) `pkg-config --cflags protobuf` -c -o $@ $^ > > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 5:08 PM, Mohammad Husain > wrote: > > I tried that but unfortunately no luck yet: http://pastebin.com/Ln4AC7fH. > > > >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 17:00:21 -0500 > > > >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > >> > >> Hmmm... I must have misremembered how Makefile stuff works, my bad. > >> Instead of $(pkg-config --cflags protobuf) try `pkg-config --cflags > >> protobuf`. (There's some way to evaluate stuff in the Makefile > >> directly, but apparently $() isn't it -- that's the sh way...) > >> > >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 4:57 PM, Mohammad Husain > >> wrote: > >> > I just tried your suggestion (copied the Makefile below). The errors are > >> > still there :(. I have pasted the output here: > >> > > >> > http://pastebin.com/S8K9WzK0 > >> > > >> > > >> > all: hello_protobuf > >> > > >> > # CC = g++ > >> > > >> > DEBUG = -g > >> > LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` > >> > LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS) > >> > > >> > protoc_middleman: user.proto > >> > protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto > >> > @touch protoc_middleman > >> > > >> > %.pb.o: %.pb.cc > >> > $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ > >> > > >> > > >> > OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o > >> > > >> > hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman > >> > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > >> > $(CXX) $(LFLAGS) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) > >> > > >> > clean: > >> > \rm *.o > >> > \rm hello_protobuf 2>/dev/null || true > >> > > >> > > >> >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:41:00 -0500 > >> > > >> >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > >> >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > >> >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > >> >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > >> >> > >> >> There are a million ways to do things with makefiles... did you try my > >> >> suggestion? The example you pasted builds the binary all in one step > >> >> (compile and link) and includes the protobuf cflags and ldflags as > >> >> arguments to the compiler. So it works. Your makefile does not include > >> >> the protobuf cflags when compiling. So it doesn't work. The fact that > >> >> yours does it in two stages (compile, then link) vs this example > >> >> makefile doing it one stage is basically irrelevant though. It is > >> >> usually better to do things in two stages though (unlike this example > >> >> makefile) so that you get to reuse existing work better. > >> >> > >> >> -ilia > >> >> > >> >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Mohammad Husain > >> >> > >> >> wrote: > >> >> > Hi Ilia, > >> >> > > >> >> > Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is > >> >> > being > >> >> > used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not > >> >> > have > >> >> > either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can > >> >> > build > >> >> > the executable successfully using the default ones. > >> >> > > >> >> > > >> >> > # See README.txt. > >> >> > > >> >> > .PHONY: all cpp java python clean > >> >> > > >> >> > all: cpp java python > >> >> > > >> >> > cpp: add_person_cpp list_people_cpp > >> >> > java: add_person_java list_people_java > >> >> > python: add_person_python list_people_python > >> >> > > >> >> > clean: > >> >> > rm -f add_person_cpp
Re: [protobuf] Linker error
There's a -c missing... the line should be like $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) `pkg-config --cflags protobuf` -c -o $@ $^ On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 5:08 PM, Mohammad Husain wrote: > I tried that but unfortunately no luck yet: http://pastebin.com/Ln4AC7fH. > >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 17:00:21 -0500 > >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com >> >> Hmmm... I must have misremembered how Makefile stuff works, my bad. >> Instead of $(pkg-config --cflags protobuf) try `pkg-config --cflags >> protobuf`. (There's some way to evaluate stuff in the Makefile >> directly, but apparently $() isn't it -- that's the sh way...) >> >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 4:57 PM, Mohammad Husain >> wrote: >> > I just tried your suggestion (copied the Makefile below). The errors are >> > still there :(. I have pasted the output here: >> > >> > http://pastebin.com/S8K9WzK0 >> > >> > >> > all: hello_protobuf >> > >> > # CC = g++ >> > >> > DEBUG = -g >> > LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` >> > LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS) >> > >> > protoc_middleman: user.proto >> > protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto >> > @touch protoc_middleman >> > >> > %.pb.o: %.pb.cc >> > $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ >> > >> > >> > OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o >> > >> > hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman >> > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed >> > $(CXX) $(LFLAGS) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) >> > >> > clean: >> > \rm *.o >> > \rm hello_protobuf 2>/dev/null || true >> > >> > >> >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:41:00 -0500 >> > >> >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error >> >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu >> >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com >> >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com >> >> >> >> There are a million ways to do things with makefiles... did you try my >> >> suggestion? The example you pasted builds the binary all in one step >> >> (compile and link) and includes the protobuf cflags and ldflags as >> >> arguments to the compiler. So it works. Your makefile does not include >> >> the protobuf cflags when compiling. So it doesn't work. The fact that >> >> yours does it in two stages (compile, then link) vs this example >> >> makefile doing it one stage is basically irrelevant though. It is >> >> usually better to do things in two stages though (unlike this example >> >> makefile) so that you get to reuse existing work better. >> >> >> >> -ilia >> >> >> >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Mohammad Husain >> >> >> >> wrote: >> >> > Hi Ilia, >> >> > >> >> > Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is >> >> > being >> >> > used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not >> >> > have >> >> > either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can >> >> > build >> >> > the executable successfully using the default ones. >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > # See README.txt. >> >> > >> >> > .PHONY: all cpp java python clean >> >> > >> >> > all: cpp java python >> >> > >> >> > cpp: add_person_cpp list_people_cpp >> >> > java: add_person_java list_people_java >> >> > python: add_person_python list_people_python >> >> > >> >> > clean: >> >> > rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java >> >> > add_person_python list_people_python >> >> > rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class >> >> > com/example/tutorial/*.class >> >> > rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h >> >> > addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java >> >> > rm -f *.pyc >> >> > rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true >> >> > rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true >> >> > rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true >> >> > >> >> > protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto >>
RE: [protobuf] Linker error
I tried that but unfortunately no luck yet: http://pastebin.com/Ln4AC7fH. > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 17:00:21 -0500 > Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > > Hmmm... I must have misremembered how Makefile stuff works, my bad. > Instead of $(pkg-config --cflags protobuf) try `pkg-config --cflags > protobuf`. (There's some way to evaluate stuff in the Makefile > directly, but apparently $() isn't it -- that's the sh way...) > > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 4:57 PM, Mohammad Husain > wrote: > > I just tried your suggestion (copied the Makefile below). The errors are > > still there :(. I have pasted the output here: > > > > http://pastebin.com/S8K9WzK0 > > > > > > all: hello_protobuf > > > > # CC = g++ > > > > DEBUG = -g > > LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` > > LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS) > > > > protoc_middleman: user.proto > > protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto > > @touch protoc_middleman > > > > %.pb.o: %.pb.cc > > $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ > > > > > > OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o > > > > hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman > > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > > $(CXX) $(LFLAGS) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) > > > > clean: > > \rm *.o > > \rm hello_protobuf 2>/dev/null || true > > > > > >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:41:00 -0500 > > > >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > >> > >> There are a million ways to do things with makefiles... did you try my > >> suggestion? The example you pasted builds the binary all in one step > >> (compile and link) and includes the protobuf cflags and ldflags as > >> arguments to the compiler. So it works. Your makefile does not include > >> the protobuf cflags when compiling. So it doesn't work. The fact that > >> yours does it in two stages (compile, then link) vs this example > >> makefile doing it one stage is basically irrelevant though. It is > >> usually better to do things in two stages though (unlike this example > >> makefile) so that you get to reuse existing work better. > >> > >> -ilia > >> > >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Mohammad Husain > >> wrote: > >> > Hi Ilia, > >> > > >> > Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is being > >> > used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not have > >> > either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can > >> > build > >> > the executable successfully using the default ones. > >> > > >> > > >> > # See README.txt. > >> > > >> > .PHONY: all cpp java python clean > >> > > >> > all: cpp java python > >> > > >> > cpp: add_person_cpp list_people_cpp > >> > java: add_person_java list_people_java > >> > python: add_person_python list_people_python > >> > > >> > clean: > >> > rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java > >> > add_person_python list_people_python > >> > rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class > >> > com/example/tutorial/*.class > >> > rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h > >> > addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java > >> > rm -f *.pyc > >> > rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true > >> > rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true > >> > rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true > >> > > >> > protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto > >> > protoc --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --python_out=. addressbook.proto > >> > @touch protoc_middleman > >> > > >> > add_person_cpp: add_person.cc protoc_middleman > >> > > >> > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > >> > c++ add_person.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o add_person_cpp `pkg-config > >> > --cflags --libs protobuf` > >> > > >> > list_people_cpp: list_people.cc protoc_middleman > >> > > >> > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protob
Re: [protobuf] Linker error
Hmmm... I must have misremembered how Makefile stuff works, my bad. Instead of $(pkg-config --cflags protobuf) try `pkg-config --cflags protobuf`. (There's some way to evaluate stuff in the Makefile directly, but apparently $() isn't it -- that's the sh way...) On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 4:57 PM, Mohammad Husain wrote: > I just tried your suggestion (copied the Makefile below). The errors are > still there :(. I have pasted the output here: > > http://pastebin.com/S8K9WzK0 > > > all: hello_protobuf > > # CC = g++ > > DEBUG = -g > LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` > LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS) > > protoc_middleman: user.proto > protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto > @touch protoc_middleman > > %.pb.o: %.pb.cc > $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ > > > OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o > > hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > $(CXX) $(LFLAGS) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) > > clean: > \rm *.o > \rm hello_protobuf 2>/dev/null || true > > >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:41:00 -0500 > >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com >> >> There are a million ways to do things with makefiles... did you try my >> suggestion? The example you pasted builds the binary all in one step >> (compile and link) and includes the protobuf cflags and ldflags as >> arguments to the compiler. So it works. Your makefile does not include >> the protobuf cflags when compiling. So it doesn't work. The fact that >> yours does it in two stages (compile, then link) vs this example >> makefile doing it one stage is basically irrelevant though. It is >> usually better to do things in two stages though (unlike this example >> makefile) so that you get to reuse existing work better. >> >> -ilia >> >> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Mohammad Husain >> wrote: >> > Hi Ilia, >> > >> > Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is being >> > used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not have >> > either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can >> > build >> > the executable successfully using the default ones. >> > >> > >> > # See README.txt. >> > >> > .PHONY: all cpp java python clean >> > >> > all: cpp java python >> > >> > cpp: add_person_cpp list_people_cpp >> > java: add_person_java list_people_java >> > python: add_person_python list_people_python >> > >> > clean: >> > rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java >> > add_person_python list_people_python >> > rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class >> > com/example/tutorial/*.class >> > rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h >> > addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java >> > rm -f *.pyc >> > rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true >> > rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true >> > rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true >> > >> > protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto >> > protoc --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --python_out=. addressbook.proto >> > @touch protoc_middleman >> > >> > add_person_cpp: add_person.cc protoc_middleman >> > >> > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed >> > c++ add_person.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o add_person_cpp `pkg-config >> > --cflags --libs protobuf` >> > >> > list_people_cpp: list_people.cc protoc_middleman >> > >> > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed >> > c++ list_people.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o list_people_cpp `pkg-config >> > --cflags --libs protobuf` >> > >> > javac_middleman: AddPerson.java ListPeople.java protoc_middleman >> > javac AddPerson.java ListPeople.java >> > com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java >> > @touch javac_middleman >> > >> > add_person_java: javac_middleman >> > @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_java..." >> > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_java >> > @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH AddPerson "$$@"' >> add_person_java >> > @chmod +x add_person_java >> > >> > list_people_java: javac_middleman &
RE: [protobuf] Linker error
I just tried your suggestion (copied the Makefile below). The errors are still there :(. I have pasted the output here: http://pastebin.com/S8K9WzK0 all: hello_protobuf # CC = g++ DEBUG = -g LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS) protoc_middleman: user.proto protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto @touch protoc_middleman %.pb.o: %.pb.cc $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed $(CXX) $(LFLAGS) -o hello_protobuf $(OBJS) clean: \rm *.o \rm hello_protobuf 2>/dev/null || true > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:41:00 -0500 > Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > > There are a million ways to do things with makefiles... did you try my > suggestion? The example you pasted builds the binary all in one step > (compile and link) and includes the protobuf cflags and ldflags as > arguments to the compiler. So it works. Your makefile does not include > the protobuf cflags when compiling. So it doesn't work. The fact that > yours does it in two stages (compile, then link) vs this example > makefile doing it one stage is basically irrelevant though. It is > usually better to do things in two stages though (unlike this example > makefile) so that you get to reuse existing work better. > > -ilia > > On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Mohammad Husain > wrote: > > Hi Ilia, > > > > Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is being > > used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not have > > either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can build > > the executable successfully using the default ones. > > > > > > # See README.txt. > > > > .PHONY: all cpp java python clean > > > > all: cpp java python > > > > cpp:add_person_cpplist_people_cpp > > java: add_person_java list_people_java > > python: add_person_python list_people_python > > > > clean: > > rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java > > add_person_python list_people_python > > rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class > > com/example/tutorial/*.class > > rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h > > addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java > > rm -f *.pyc > > rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true > > rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true > > rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true > > > > protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto > > protoc --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --python_out=. addressbook.proto > > @touch protoc_middleman > > > > add_person_cpp: add_person.cc protoc_middleman > > > > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > > c++ add_person.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o add_person_cpp `pkg-config > > --cflags --libs protobuf` > > > > list_people_cpp: list_people.cc protoc_middleman > > > > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > > c++ list_people.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o list_people_cpp `pkg-config > > --cflags --libs protobuf` > > > > javac_middleman: AddPerson.java ListPeople.java protoc_middleman > > javac AddPerson.java ListPeople.java > > com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java > > @touch javac_middleman > > > > add_person_java: javac_middleman > > @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_java..." > > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_java > > @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH AddPerson "$$@"' >> add_person_java > > @chmod +x add_person_java > > > > list_people_java: javac_middleman > > @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_java..." > > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_java > > @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH ListPeople "$$@"' >> > > list_people_java > > @chmod +x list_people_java > > > > add_person_python: add_person.py protoc_middleman > > @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_python..." > > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_python > > @echo './add_person.py "$$@"' >> add_person_python > > @chmod +x add_person_python > > > > list_people_python: list_people.py protoc_middleman >
Re: [protobuf] Linker error
There are a million ways to do things with makefiles... did you try my suggestion? The example you pasted builds the binary all in one step (compile and link) and includes the protobuf cflags and ldflags as arguments to the compiler. So it works. Your makefile does not include the protobuf cflags when compiling. So it doesn't work. The fact that yours does it in two stages (compile, then link) vs this example makefile doing it one stage is basically irrelevant though. It is usually better to do things in two stages though (unlike this example makefile) so that you get to reuse existing work better. -ilia On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Mohammad Husain wrote: > Hi Ilia, > > Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is being > used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not have > either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can build > the executable successfully using the default ones. > > > # See README.txt. > > .PHONY: all cpp java python clean > > all: cpp java python > > cpp:add_person_cpplist_people_cpp > java: add_person_java list_people_java > python: add_person_python list_people_python > > clean: > rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java > add_person_python list_people_python > rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class > com/example/tutorial/*.class > rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h > addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java > rm -f *.pyc > rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true > rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true > rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true > > protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto > protoc --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --python_out=. addressbook.proto > @touch protoc_middleman > > add_person_cpp: add_person.cc protoc_middleman > > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > c++ add_person.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o add_person_cpp `pkg-config > --cflags --libs protobuf` > > list_people_cpp: list_people.cc protoc_middleman > > pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed > c++ list_people.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o list_people_cpp `pkg-config > --cflags --libs protobuf` > > javac_middleman: AddPerson.java ListPeople.java protoc_middleman > javac AddPerson.java ListPeople.java > com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java > @touch javac_middleman > > add_person_java: javac_middleman > @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_java..." > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_java > @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH AddPerson "$$@"' >> add_person_java > @chmod +x add_person_java > > list_people_java: javac_middleman > @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_java..." > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_java > @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH ListPeople "$$@"' >> > list_people_java > @chmod +x list_people_java > > add_person_python: add_person.py protoc_middleman > @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_python..." > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_python > @echo './add_person.py "$$@"' >> add_person_python > @chmod +x add_person_python > > list_people_python: list_people.py protoc_middleman > @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_python..." > @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_python > @echo './list_people.py "$$@"' >> list_people_python > @chmod +x list_people_python > > >> Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 02:48:08 -0500 >> Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error >> From: imir...@alum.mit.edu >> To: farhan1...@hotmail.com >> CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > >> >> You don't appear to include the path to protobuf when compiling >> user.pb.o -- there's no explicit rule so it'll just $(CXXFLAGS). You >> should either add >> >> %.pb.o: %.pb.cc >> $(CC) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ >> >> Or add CXXFLAGS = $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) at the top, which >> will make it add the include path everywhere. (I note you're using >> CFLAGS... afaik that doesn't get used by the default c++ compilation >> rule. Take a look at the commands make prints out and make sure >> they're what you'd expect.) Also you'll need this when compiling >> hello_protobuf.o, since it also needs the protobuf library. >> >> If the above doesn't explain the issue, you migh
RE: [protobuf] Linker error
I actually had the rule but after comparing my Makefile with the one in the
examples directory I removed it hoping that would fix the issue.
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:46:55 +0800
Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error
From: xiaof...@google.com
To: farhan1...@hotmail.com
CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com
On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 5:01 AM, Mohammad Husain wrote:
I am having a bizarre linker problem with the simple program I wrote with
protobuf. When I run the make command I see tons of linker errors like the
following:
user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc4UserE[_ZTIN4misc4UserE]+0x10): undefined
reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message'
user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x0):
undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info'
user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x10):
undefined reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message'
user.pb.o:(.eh_frame+0x38b): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [hello_protobuf] Error 1
However, the C++ example in the protobuf package builds and runs fine. Here is
the output of the pkgconfig command:
$ pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf
-pthread -I/usr/local/include -pthread -L/usr/local/lib -lprotobuf -lz
-lpthread
$ protoc --version
libprotoc 2.4.1
I am using version 2.4.1. I believe something is wrong with my Makefile. Can
anyone help?
I tried to attach the source and Makefile but probably attachment is disabled
in the group. Here are my file contents:
package misc;
message User {
required string username = 1;
required int32 id = 2;
optional string email = 3;
message FullName {
required string firstName = 1;
optional string middleName = 2;
required string lastName = 3;
}
optional FullName fullName = 4;;
}
#include
#include "user.pb.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
misc::User u;
u.set_username("username");
u.set_id(1);
std::cout << "Username: " << u.username() << " and ID: " << u.id() <<
std::endl;
return 0;
}
all: hello_protobuf
CC = g++
DEBUG = -g
LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf`
CFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG)
LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS)
protoc_middleman: user.proto
protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto
@touch protoc_middleman
OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o
These .o files are not compiled with appropriate flags. You need to add a rule
for them, something like:
%.o: %.cc $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman
pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed
$(CC) $(LFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o hello_protobuf
clean:
\rm *.o hello_protobuf
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"Protocol Buffers" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email
to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com.
To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"Protocol Buffers" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email
to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com.
To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
RE: [protobuf] Linker error
Hi Ilia, Though I have CFLAGS defined in my makefile I don't think that is being used. The Makefile in the example directory (copied below) does not have either the %.o:%.cc rule or any CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS but still it can build the executable successfully using the default ones. # See README.txt. .PHONY: all cpp java python clean all: cpp java python cpp:add_person_cpplist_people_cpp java: add_person_java list_people_java python: add_person_python list_people_python clean: rm -f add_person_cpp list_people_cpp add_person_java list_people_java add_person_python list_people_python rm -f javac_middleman AddPerson*.class ListPeople*.class com/example/tutorial/*.class rm -f protoc_middleman addressbook.pb.cc addressbook.pb.h addressbook_pb2.py com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java rm -f *.pyc rmdir com/example/tutorial 2>/dev/null || true rmdir com/example 2>/dev/null || true rmdir com 2>/dev/null || true protoc_middleman: addressbook.proto protoc --cpp_out=. --java_out=. --python_out=. addressbook.proto @touch protoc_middleman add_person_cpp: add_person.cc protoc_middleman pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed c++ add_person.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o add_person_cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` list_people_cpp: list_people.cc protoc_middleman pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed c++ list_people.cc addressbook.pb.cc -o list_people_cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf` javac_middleman: AddPerson.java ListPeople.java protoc_middleman javac AddPerson.java ListPeople.java com/example/tutorial/AddressBookProtos.java @touch javac_middleman add_person_java: javac_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_java..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_java @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH AddPerson "$$@"' >> add_person_java @chmod +x add_person_java list_people_java: javac_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_java..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_java @echo 'java -classpath .:$$CLASSPATH ListPeople "$$@"' >> list_people_java @chmod +x list_people_java add_person_python: add_person.py protoc_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script add_person_python..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > add_person_python @echo './add_person.py "$$@"' >> add_person_python @chmod +x add_person_python list_people_python: list_people.py protoc_middleman @echo "Writing shortcut script list_people_python..." @echo '#! /bin/sh' > list_people_python @echo './list_people.py "$$@"' >> list_people_python @chmod +x list_people_python > Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2013 02:48:08 -0500 > Subject: Re: [protobuf] Linker error > From: imir...@alum.mit.edu > To: farhan1...@hotmail.com > CC: protobuf@googlegroups.com > > You don't appear to include the path to protobuf when compiling > user.pb.o -- there's no explicit rule so it'll just $(CXXFLAGS). You > should either add > > %.pb.o: %.pb.cc > $(CC) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^ > > Or add CXXFLAGS = $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) at the top, which > will make it add the include path everywhere. (I note you're using > CFLAGS... afaik that doesn't get used by the default c++ compilation > rule. Take a look at the commands make prints out and make sure > they're what you'd expect.) Also you'll need this when compiling > hello_protobuf.o, since it also needs the protobuf library. > > If the above doesn't explain the issue, you might paste the whole > output from make which will include the actual commands being run. > > -ilia > > On Wed, Feb 27, 2013 at 4:01 PM, Mohammad Husain > wrote: > > I am having a bizarre linker problem with the simple program I wrote with > > protobuf. When I run the make command I see tons of linker errors like the > > following: > > > > user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc4UserE[_ZTIN4misc4UserE]+0x10): undefined > > reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message' > > user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x0): > > undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info' > > user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x10): > > undefined reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message' > > user.pb.o:(.eh_frame+0x38b): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0' > > collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status > > make: *** [hello_protobuf] Error 1 > > > > However, the C++ example in
Re: [protobuf] Linker error
You don't appear to include the path to protobuf when compiling
user.pb.o -- there's no explicit rule so it'll just $(CXXFLAGS). You
should either add
%.pb.o: %.pb.cc
$(CC) $(CXXFLAGS) $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) -o $@ $^
Or add CXXFLAGS = $(pkgconfig --cflags protobuf) at the top, which
will make it add the include path everywhere. (I note you're using
CFLAGS... afaik that doesn't get used by the default c++ compilation
rule. Take a look at the commands make prints out and make sure
they're what you'd expect.) Also you'll need this when compiling
hello_protobuf.o, since it also needs the protobuf library.
If the above doesn't explain the issue, you might paste the whole
output from make which will include the actual commands being run.
-ilia
On Wed, Feb 27, 2013 at 4:01 PM, Mohammad Husain wrote:
> I am having a bizarre linker problem with the simple program I wrote with
> protobuf. When I run the make command I see tons of linker errors like the
> following:
>
> user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc4UserE[_ZTIN4misc4UserE]+0x10): undefined
> reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message'
> user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x0):
> undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info'
> user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x10):
> undefined reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message'
> user.pb.o:(.eh_frame+0x38b): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
> collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
> make: *** [hello_protobuf] Error 1
>
> However, the C++ example in the protobuf package builds and runs fine. Here
> is the output of the pkgconfig command:
>
> $ pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf
> -pthread -I/usr/local/include -pthread -L/usr/local/lib -lprotobuf -lz
> -lpthread
> $ protoc --version
> libprotoc 2.4.1
> I am using version 2.4.1. I believe something is wrong with my Makefile. Can
> anyone help?
>
> I tried to attach the source and Makefile but probably attachment is
> disabled in the group. Here are my file contents:
>
>
> package misc;
>
> message User {
> required string username = 1;
> required int32 id = 2;
> optional string email = 3;
>
> message FullName {
> required string firstName = 1;
> optional string middleName = 2;
> required string lastName = 3;
> }
>
> optional FullName fullName = 4;;
> }
>
>
>
> #include
> #include "user.pb.h"
>
> int main(int argc, char **argv) {
> misc::User u;
>
> u.set_username("username");
> u.set_id(1);
>
> std::cout << "Username: " << u.username() << " and ID: " << u.id() <<
> std::endl;
>
> return 0;
> }
>
>
>
> all: hello_protobuf
>
> CC = g++
> DEBUG = -g
> LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf`
> CFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG)
> LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS)
>
> protoc_middleman: user.proto
> protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto
> @touch protoc_middleman
>
> OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o
>
> hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman
> pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed
> $(CC) $(LFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o hello_protobuf
>
> clean:
> \rm *.o hello_protobuf
>
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "Protocol Buffers" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
> email to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com.
> To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com.
> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en.
> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
>
>
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"Protocol Buffers" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email
to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com.
To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
Re: [protobuf] Linker error
On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 5:01 AM, Mohammad Husain wrote:
> I am having a bizarre linker problem with the simple program I wrote with
> protobuf. When I run the make command I see tons of linker errors like the
> following:
>
> user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc4UserE[_ZTIN4misc4UserE]+0x10): undefined
> reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message'
> user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x0):
> undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info'
> user.pb.o:(.rodata._ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE[_ZTIN4misc13User_FullNameE]+0x10):
> undefined reference to `typeinfo for google::protobuf::Message'
> user.pb.o:(.eh_frame+0x38b): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
> collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
> make: *** [hello_protobuf] Error 1
>
> However, the C++ example in the protobuf package builds and runs fine.
> Here is the output of the pkgconfig command:
>
> $ pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf
> -pthread -I/usr/local/include -pthread -L/usr/local/lib -lprotobuf -lz
> -lpthread
> $ protoc --version
> libprotoc 2.4.1
> I am using version 2.4.1. I believe something is wrong with my Makefile.
> Can anyone help?
>
> I tried to attach the source and Makefile but probably attachment is
> disabled in the group. Here are my file contents:
>
>
> package misc;
>
> message User {
> required string username = 1;
> required int32 id = 2;
> optional string email = 3;
>
> message FullName {
> required string firstName = 1;
> optional string middleName = 2;
> required string lastName = 3;
> }
>
> optional FullName fullName = 4;;
> }
>
>
>
> #include
> #include "user.pb.h"
>
> int main(int argc, char **argv) {
> misc::User u;
>
> u.set_username("username");
> u.set_id(1);
>
> std::cout << "Username: " << u.username() << " and ID: " << u.id() <<
> std::endl;
>
> return 0;
> }
>
>
>
> all: hello_protobuf
>
> CC = g++
> DEBUG = -g
> LIBS = `pkg-config --cflags --libs protobuf`
> CFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG)
> LFLAGS = -Wall $(DEBUG) $(LIBS)
>
> protoc_middleman: user.proto
> protoc --cpp_out=. user.proto
> @touch protoc_middleman
>
> OBJS = hello_protobuf.o user.pb.o
>
These .o files are not compiled with appropriate flags. You need to add a
rule for them, something like:
%.o: %.cc
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
>
> hello_protobuf: $(OBJS) protoc_middleman
> pkg-config --cflags protobuf # fails if protobuf is not installed
> $(CC) $(LFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o hello_protobuf
>
> clean:
> \rm *.o hello_protobuf
>
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "Protocol Buffers" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
> email to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com.
> To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com.
> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en.
> For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
>
>
>
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
"Protocol Buffers" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email
to protobuf+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com.
To post to this group, send email to protobuf@googlegroups.com.
Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/protobuf?hl=en.
For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/groups/opt_out.
