Re: Please help with regular expression finding multiple floats

[Edward Dolan]

No, you're not missing a thing. I am ;) Something was happening with
the triple-quoted
strings when I pasted them. Here is hopefully, the correct code.
http://codepad.org/OIazr9lA
The output is shown on that page as well.

Sorry for the line noise folks. One of these days I'm going to learn
gnus.
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Re: multiprocessing deadlock

[Brian Quinlan]

On 24 Oct 2009, at 14:10, Gabriel Genellina wrote:

En Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:18:32 -0300, Brian Quinlan  
 escribió:


I don't like a few things in the code:


def _do(i):
print('Run:', i)
q = multiprocessing.Queue()
for j in range(30):
q.put(i*30+j)
processes = _make_some_processes(q)

while not q.empty():
pass


I'd use time.sleep(0.1) or something instead of this busy wait, but  
see below.


This isn't my actual code, it is a simplification of my code designed  
to minimally demonstrate a possible bug in multiprocessing.





#The deadlock only occurs on Mac OS X and only when these lines
#are commented out:
#for p in processes:
#p.join()


I don't know how multiprocessing deals with it, but if you don't  
join() a process it may become a zombie, so it's probably better to  
always join them. In that case I'd just remove the wait for  
q.empty() completely.


I'm actually not looking for workarounds. I want to know if this is a  
multiprocessing bug or if I am misunderstanding the multiprocessing  
docs somehow and my demonstrated usage pattern is somehow incorrect.


Cheers,
Brian




for i in range(100):
_do(i)


Those lines should be guarded with: if __name__ == '__main__':

I don't know if fixing those things will fix your problem, but at  
least the code will look neater...


--
Gabriel Genellina

--
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Re: Copying a ZipExtFile

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Fri, 23 Oct 2009 14:15:33 -0300, Moore, Mathew L   
escribió:



with io.BytesIO() as memio:
shutil.copyfileobj(f, memio)
zip = zipfile.ZipFile(file=memio)
# Can't use zip.extract(), because I want to ignore paths
# within archive.
src = zip.open('unknowndir/src.txt')
with open('dst.txt', mode='wb') as dst:
shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)


The last line throws an Error:


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 25, in 
shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 27, in copyfileobj
buf = fsrc.read(length)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\zipfile.py", line 594, in read
bytes = self.fileobj.read(bytesToRead)
TypeError: integer argument expected, got 'long'


Try adding a length parameter to the copyfileobj call, so the copy is done  
in small enough chunks.


--
Gabriel Genellina

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Re: AttributeError: 'SSLSocket' object has no attribute 'producer_fifo'

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:27:40 -0300, VYAS ASHISH M-NTB837  
 escribió:



Tried using asyncore.dispatcher_with_send in place of
asynchat.async_chat and after a few request-responses, I get this:
Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python31\lib\threading.py", line 509, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
  File "C:\Python31\lib\threading.py", line 462, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "D:\XPress_v1.3\XPress\Model.py", line 3328, in run
asyncore.loop()
  File "C:\Python31\lib\asyncore.py", line 206, in loop
poll_fun(timeout, map)
  File "C:\Python31\lib\asyncore.py", line 124, in poll
is_w = obj.writable()
  File "C:\Python31\lib\asyncore.py", line 516, in writable
return (not self.connected) or len(self.out_buffer)
  File "C:\Python31\lib\asyncore.py", line 399, in __getattr__
return getattr(self.socket, attr)
AttributeError: 'SSLSocket' object has no attribute 'out_buffer'
Someone please throw some light on this!


How do you manage asyncore's map? It should contain dispatcher objects --  
looks like you've got objects of another type there.


--
Gabriel Genellina

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Re: PAMIE and beautifulsoup problem

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Fri, 23 Oct 2009 03:03:56 -0300, elca  escribió:


follow script is which i was found in google.
but it not work for me.
im using PAMIE3 version.even if i changed to pamie 2b version ,i couldn't
make it working.


You'll have to provide more details. *What* happened? You got an  
exception? Please post the complete exception traceback.



from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
Import cPAMIE
url = 'http://www.cnn.com'
ie = cPAMIE.PAMIE(url)
bs = BeautifulSoup(ie.pageText())


Also, don't re-type the code. Copy and paste it, directly from the program  
that failed.


--
Gabriel Genellina

--
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Re: PySerial

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Fri, 23 Oct 2009 20:56:21 -0300, Ronn Ross   
escribió:


I have tried setting the baud rate with no success. Also I'm using port  
#2

because I"m using a usb to serial cable.


Note that Serial(2) is known as COM3 in Windows, is it ok?

--
Gabriel Genellina

--
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Re: Is there a command that returns the number of substrings in a string?

[Erik Max Francis]

Peng Yu wrote:

For example, the long string is 'abcabc' and the given string is
'abc', then 'abc' appears 2 times in 'abcabc'. Currently, I am calling
'find()' multiple times to figure out how many times a given string
appears in a long string. I'm wondering if there is a function in
python which can directly return this information.


The .count string method.

--
Erik Max Francis && m...@alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
 San Jose, CA, USA && 37 18 N 121 57 W && AIM/Y!M/Skype erikmaxfrancis
  Diplomacy and defense are not substitutes for one another. Either
   alone would fail. -- John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963
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Re: Is there a command that returns the number of substrings in a string?

[Stephen Hansen]

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 7:31 PM, Peng Yu  wrote:

> For example, the long string is 'abcabc' and the given string is
> 'abc', then 'abc' appears 2 times in 'abcabc'. Currently, I am calling
> 'find()' multiple times to figure out how many times a given string
> appears in a long string. I'm wondering if there is a function in
> python which can directly return this information.
>

>>> 'abcabc'.count('abc')
2
>>> print ''.count.__doc__
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int

Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
as in slice notation.

HTH,

--S
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Re: multiprocessing deadlock

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:18:32 -0300, Brian Quinlan   
escribió:


I don't like a few things in the code:


def _do(i):
 print('Run:', i)
 q = multiprocessing.Queue()
 for j in range(30):
 q.put(i*30+j)
 processes = _make_some_processes(q)

 while not q.empty():
 pass


I'd use time.sleep(0.1) or something instead of this busy wait, but see  
below.



#The deadlock only occurs on Mac OS X and only when these lines
#are commented out:
#for p in processes:
#p.join()


I don't know how multiprocessing deals with it, but if you don't join() a  
process it may become a zombie, so it's probably better to always join  
them. In that case I'd just remove the wait for q.empty() completely.



for i in range(100):
 _do(i)


Those lines should be guarded with: if __name__ == '__main__':

I don't know if fixing those things will fix your problem, but at least  
the code will look neater...


--
Gabriel Genellina

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Is there a command that returns the number of substrings in a string?

[Peng Yu]

For example, the long string is 'abcabc' and the given string is
'abc', then 'abc' appears 2 times in 'abcabc'. Currently, I am calling
'find()' multiple times to figure out how many times a given string
appears in a long string. I'm wondering if there is a function in
python which can directly return this information.
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Re: python pyodbc - connect error

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Thu, 22 Oct 2009 22:33:52 -0300, Threader Slash  
 escribió:


Hi again.. I have done the same test using pyodbc, but to MySQL ODBC  
driver.
It works fine for MySQL. The problem still remains to Lotus Notes. Any  
other

hints please?


http://www.connectionstrings.com

--
Gabriel Genellina

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Re: How to modify local variables from internal functions?

[MRAB]

kj wrote:



I like Python a lot, and in fact I'm doing most of my scripting in
Python these days, but one thing that I absolutely *DETEST*
about Python is that it does allow an internal function to modify
variables in the enclosing local scope.  This willful hobbling of
internal functions seems to me so perverse and unnecessary that it
delayed my adoption of Python by about a decade.  Just thinking
about it brings me to the brink of blowing a gasket...  I must go
for a walk...



OK, I'm better now.

Anyway, I recently wanted to write a internal helper function that
updates an internal list and returns True if, after this update,
the list is empty, and once more I bumped against this hated
"feature".  What I wanted to write, if Python did what I wanted it
to, was this:

def spam():
jobs = None 
def check_finished(): 
   jobs = look_for_more_jobs()

   return not jobs

if check_finished():
return 


process1(jobs)

if check_finished():
return

process2(jobs)

if check_finished():
return

process3(jobs)

In application in question, the availability of jobs can change
significantly over the course of the function's execution (jobs
can expire before they are fully processed, and new ones can arise),
hence the update-and-check prior to the calls to process1, process2,
process3.

But, of course, the above does not work in Python, because the jobs
variable local to spam does not get updated by check_finished.
G!


So you didn't try this?

def spam():
jobs = []

def check_finished():
jobs[:] = look_for_more_jobs()
return not jobs

if check_finished():
return

process1(jobs)

if check_finished():
return

process2(jobs)

if check_finished():
return

process3(jobs)


Actually, I'd refactor and reduce it to this:

def spam():
for proc in [process1, process2, process3]:
jobs = look_for_more_jobs()
if not jobs:
return
proc(jobs)

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Re: How to write a daemon program to monitor symbolic links?

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In message , Peng Yu 
wrote:

> As far as I know, linux doesn't support a system level way to figure
> out all the symbolic links point to a give file.

Do you know of a system that does?

> I'm thinking of writing a daemon program which will build a database
> on all the symbolic links that point to any files. Later on, whenever
> I change or remove any file or symbolic link, I'll will notify the
> daemon process the changes.

What if the change is made to a removable/hot-pluggable volume while it's 
mounted on another system?
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Re: How to write a daemon program to monitor symbolic links?

[Aahz]

In article ,
Peng Yu   wrote:
>
>I'm thinking of writing a daemon program which will build a database
>on all the symbolic links that point to any files. Later on, whenever
>I change or remove any file or symbolic link, I'll will notify the
>daemon process the changes. By keeping this daemon process running, I
>can quickly figure out what symbolic links are pointing to any give
>file.
>
>But I have never make a daemon program like this in python. Could
>somebody point me what packages I need in order to make a daemon
>process like this? Thank you!

inotify
-- 
Aahz (a...@pythoncraft.com)   <*> http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"In the end, outside of spy agencies, people are far too trusting and
willing to help."  --Ira Winkler
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Re: How to modify local variables from internal functions?

[Stephen Hansen]

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 5:19 PM, kj  wrote:

> I like Python a lot, and in fact I'm doing most of my scripting in
> Python these days, but one thing that I absolutely *DETEST*
> about Python is that it does allow an internal function to modify
> variables in the enclosing local scope.  This willful hobbling of
> internal functions seems to me so perverse and unnecessary that it
> delayed my adoption of Python by about a decade.  Just thinking
> about it brings me to the brink of blowing a gasket...  I must go
> for a walk...
> [...]

Is there some other trick to modify local variables from within
> internal functions?
>
>
In Python 3, there's the "nonlocal" keyword to let you do just this.
Otherwise, no. The only way to do what you want is to use some mutable
object to 'hold' your data in the enclosing namespace, and modify that
object. You can use a list like you did, or some simple "class namespace:
pass" with "ns = namespace()" and "ns.jobs = 1" or whatever you prefer.

But otherwise, you just can't do that. Gotta deal.

--S
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Re: How to modify local variables from internal functions?

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 5:19 PM, kj  wrote:
> I like Python a lot, and in fact I'm doing most of my scripting in
> Python these days, but one thing that I absolutely *DETEST*
> about Python is that it does allow an internal function to modify
> variables in the enclosing local scope.  This willful hobbling of
> internal functions seems to me so perverse and unnecessary that it
> delayed my adoption of Python by about a decade.  Just thinking
> about it brings me to the brink of blowing a gasket...  I must go
> for a walk...

> Anyway, I recently wanted to write a internal helper function that
> updates an internal list and returns True if, after this update,
> the list is empty, and once more I bumped against this hated
> "feature".  What I wanted to write, if Python did what I wanted it
> to, was this:
>
> def spam():
>    jobs = None
>    def check_finished():
>       jobs = look_for_more_jobs()
>       return not jobs
>
>    if check_finished():
>        return
>
>    process1(jobs)
>
>    if check_finished():
>        return
>
>    process2(jobs)
>
>    if check_finished():
>        return
>
>    process3(jobs)

> Is there some other trick to modify local variables from within
> internal functions?

The `nonlocal` statement?:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3104/

Cheers,
Chris
--
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How to modify local variables from internal functions?

[kj]

I like Python a lot, and in fact I'm doing most of my scripting in
Python these days, but one thing that I absolutely *DETEST*
about Python is that it does allow an internal function to modify
variables in the enclosing local scope.  This willful hobbling of
internal functions seems to me so perverse and unnecessary that it
delayed my adoption of Python by about a decade.  Just thinking
about it brings me to the brink of blowing a gasket...  I must go
for a walk...



OK, I'm better now.

Anyway, I recently wanted to write a internal helper function that
updates an internal list and returns True if, after this update,
the list is empty, and once more I bumped against this hated
"feature".  What I wanted to write, if Python did what I wanted it
to, was this:

def spam():
jobs = None 
def check_finished(): 
   jobs = look_for_more_jobs()
   return not jobs

if check_finished():
return 

process1(jobs)

if check_finished():
return

process2(jobs)

if check_finished():
return

process3(jobs)

In application in question, the availability of jobs can change
significantly over the course of the function's execution (jobs
can expire before they are fully processed, and new ones can arise),
hence the update-and-check prior to the calls to process1, process2,
process3.

But, of course, the above does not work in Python, because the jobs
variable local to spam does not get updated by check_finished.
G!

I ended up implementing check_finished as this stupid-looking
monstrosity:

def spam():
jobs = []  
def check_finished(jobs):
while jobs:
jobs.pop()
jobs.extend(look_for_more_jobs())
return not jobs

if check_finished(jobs):
return

# etc.

Is there some other trick to modify local variables from within
internal functions?

TIA!

kynn
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Re: PySerial

[Ronn Ross]

I have tried setting the baud rate with no success. Also I'm using port #2
because I"m using a usb to serial cable.

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 7:51 PM, Chris Rebert  wrote:

> On Thu, Oct 22, 2009 at 4:43 PM, Ronn Ross  wrote:
> > I'm using pySerial to connect to a serial port (rs232) on a windows xp
> > machine. I'm using python interactive interpretor to interact with the
> > device. I type the following:
> > import serial
> > ser = serial.Serial(2)
> > ser.write("command")
> >
> > But this does nothing to the control. I have been able to connect via
> puTTY
> > to verify that the command and the device are working. Next I tried to
> open
> > the port before
> > writing. It looks like this:
> > import serial
> > ser = serial.Serial(2)
> > ser.open()
> >
> > It returns that an error. It states that I do not have permissions? I
> don't
> > know how to resolve either issue. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
>
> Have you tried setting the baud rate? (the `baudrate` param to
> Serial's constructor)
> Why are you using port #2 and not #0?
>
> Cheers,
> Chris
> --
> http://blog.rebertia.com
>
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Re: PySerial

[Chris Rebert]

On Thu, Oct 22, 2009 at 4:43 PM, Ronn Ross  wrote:
> I'm using pySerial to connect to a serial port (rs232) on a windows xp
> machine. I'm using python interactive interpretor to interact with the
> device. I type the following:
> import serial
> ser = serial.Serial(2)
> ser.write("command")
>
> But this does nothing to the control. I have been able to connect via puTTY
> to verify that the command and the device are working. Next I tried to open
> the port before
> writing. It looks like this:
> import serial
> ser = serial.Serial(2)
> ser.open()
>
> It returns that an error. It states that I do not have permissions? I don't
> know how to resolve either issue. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Have you tried setting the baud rate? (the `baudrate` param to
Serial's constructor)
Why are you using port #2 and not #0?

Cheers,
Chris
--
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Re: PySerial

[Ronn Ross]

I'm using pySerial to connect to a serial port (rs232) on a windows xp
machine. I'm using python interactive interpretor to interact with the
device. I type the following:
import serial
ser = serial.Serial(2)
ser.write("command")

But this does nothing to the control. I have been able to connect via puTTY
to verify that the command and the device are working. Next I tried to open
the port before
writing. It looks like this:
import serial
ser = serial.Serial(2)
ser.open()

It returns that an error. It states that I do not have permissions? I don't
know how to resolve either issue. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
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Re: Python help: Sending a "play" command to quicktime, or playing a movie in python

[Chris Varnon]

>> On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 5:17 PM, Chris Rebert  wrote:
>>> On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 3:07 PM, Varnon Varnon  wrote:
 I'm sure this is a simple problem, or at least I hope it is, but I'm
 not an experience programer and the solution eludes me.

 My realm of study is the behavioral sciences. I want to write a
 program to help me record data from movie files.
 Currently I have a program that can record the time of a keystroke so
 that I can use that to obtain frequency, duration and other temporal
 characteristics of the behaviors in my movies.

 What I really want, is a way to start playing the movie. Right now I
 have to play the movie, then switch to my program. I would love it if
 it were possible for me to have my program send a message to quicktime
 that says "play." Or any other work around really. If python could
 play the movie, that would work just as well.

 I'm using a mac btw.

 Any suggestions?
>>>
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.Popen(["open", "path/to/the/movie.file"])
>>>
>>> Docs for the subprocess module: 
>>> http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html
>>> For information on the Mac OS X "open" command, `man open` from Terminal.
>
> On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 4:05 PM, Chris Varnon  wrote:
>> Thanks, That works wonderfuly. Once I set quicktimes preferences to
>> "play on open" it opens and plays the movie exactly like I want.
>> But now I need a line of code to bring python to the front again so it
>> can read my input. Any more suggestions?
>
> Add the -g option so focus isn't given to Quicktime (this is covered
> in the manpage I pointed you to):
>
> subprocess.Popen(["open", "-g", "path/to/the/movie.file"])
>
> Also, in the future, try to avoid top-posting (see
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style).
>
> Cheers,
> Chris
> --
> http://blog.rebertia.com
>

Wonderful. I totally missed the -g option.
I use pygame for the input handling currently. Maybe its not the most
elegant solution, but it's what I knew how to do. I just wasn't sure
how to do that one last bit.
Thanks a bunch!

Also, I typicaly don't post over email lists, so I didn't think about
the top-posting. This is the prefered method right?
Thanks again.
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Re: Python help: Sending a "play" command to quicktime, or playing a movie in python

[Chris Rebert]

> On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 5:17 PM, Chris Rebert  wrote:
>> On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 3:07 PM, Varnon Varnon  wrote:
>>> I'm sure this is a simple problem, or at least I hope it is, but I'm
>>> not an experience programer and the solution eludes me.
>>>
>>> My realm of study is the behavioral sciences. I want to write a
>>> program to help me record data from movie files.
>>> Currently I have a program that can record the time of a keystroke so
>>> that I can use that to obtain frequency, duration and other temporal
>>> characteristics of the behaviors in my movies.
>>>
>>> What I really want, is a way to start playing the movie. Right now I
>>> have to play the movie, then switch to my program. I would love it if
>>> it were possible for me to have my program send a message to quicktime
>>> that says "play." Or any other work around really. If python could
>>> play the movie, that would work just as well.
>>>
>>> I'm using a mac btw.
>>>
>>> Any suggestions?
>>
>> import subprocess
>> subprocess.Popen(["open", "path/to/the/movie.file"])
>>
>> Docs for the subprocess module: 
>> http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html
>> For information on the Mac OS X "open" command, `man open` from Terminal.

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 4:05 PM, Chris Varnon  wrote:
> Thanks, That works wonderfuly. Once I set quicktimes preferences to
> "play on open" it opens and plays the movie exactly like I want.
> But now I need a line of code to bring python to the front again so it
> can read my input. Any more suggestions?

Add the -g option so focus isn't given to Quicktime (this is covered
in the manpage I pointed you to):

subprocess.Popen(["open", "-g", "path/to/the/movie.file"])

Also, in the future, try to avoid top-posting (see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style).

Cheers,
Chris
--
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Re: Python help: Sending a "play" command to quicktime, or playing a movie in python

[Chris Varnon]

Thanks, That works wonderfuly. Once I set quicktimes preferences to
"play on open" it opens and plays the movie exactly like I want.
But now I need a line of code to bring python to the front again so it
can read my input. Any more suggestions?

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 5:17 PM, Chris Rebert  wrote:
> On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 3:07 PM, Varnon Varnon  wrote:
>> I'm sure this is a simple problem, or at least I hope it is, but I'm
>> not an experience programer and the solution eludes me.
>>
>> My realm of study is the behavioral sciences. I want to write a
>> program to help me record data from movie files.
>> Currently I have a program that can record the time of a keystroke so
>> that I can use that to obtain frequency, duration and other temporal
>> characteristics of the behaviors in my movies.
>>
>> What I really want, is a way to start playing the movie. Right now I
>> have to play the movie, then switch to my program. I would love it if
>> it were possible for me to have my program send a message to quicktime
>> that says "play." Or any other work around really. If python could
>> play the movie, that would work just as well.
>>
>> I'm using a mac btw.
>>
>> Any suggestions?
>
> import subprocess
> subprocess.Popen(["open", "path/to/the/movie.file"])
>
> Docs for the subprocess module: http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html
> For information on the Mac OS X "open" command, `man open` from Terminal.
>
> Cheers,
> Chris
> --
> http://blog.rebertia.com
>
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Re: Python help: Sending a "play" command to quicktime, or playing a movie in python

[Terry Reedy]

Chris Rebert wrote:

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 3:07 PM, Varnon Varnon  wrote:

I'm sure this is a simple problem, or at least I hope it is, but I'm
not an experience programer and the solution eludes me.

My realm of study is the behavioral sciences. I want to write a
program to help me record data from movie files.
Currently I have a program that can record the time of a keystroke so
that I can use that to obtain frequency, duration and other temporal
characteristics of the behaviors in my movies.

What I really want, is a way to start playing the movie. Right now I
have to play the movie, then switch to my program. I would love it if
it were possible for me to have my program send a message to quicktime
that says "play." Or any other work around really. If python could
play the movie, that would work just as well.

I'm using a mac btw.

Any suggestions?


import subprocess
subprocess.Popen(["open", "path/to/the/movie.file"])

Docs for the subprocess module: http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html
For information on the Mac OS X "open" command, `man open` from Terminal.


Or, for more control, look at pygame or other Python game frameworks.

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Re: multiprocessing deadlock

[Brian Quinlan]

On 24 Oct 2009, at 06:01, paulC wrote:



Hey Paul,

I guess I was unclear in my explanation - the deadlock only happens
when I *don't* call join.

Cheers,
Brian


Whoops, my bad.

Have you tried replacing prints with writing a another output Queue?
I'm wondering if sys.stdout has a problem.


Removing the print from the subprocess doesn't prevent the deadlock.

Cheers,
Brian
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Re: Python help: Sending a "play" command to quicktime, or playing a movie in python

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 3:07 PM, Varnon Varnon  wrote:
> I'm sure this is a simple problem, or at least I hope it is, but I'm
> not an experience programer and the solution eludes me.
>
> My realm of study is the behavioral sciences. I want to write a
> program to help me record data from movie files.
> Currently I have a program that can record the time of a keystroke so
> that I can use that to obtain frequency, duration and other temporal
> characteristics of the behaviors in my movies.
>
> What I really want, is a way to start playing the movie. Right now I
> have to play the movie, then switch to my program. I would love it if
> it were possible for me to have my program send a message to quicktime
> that says "play." Or any other work around really. If python could
> play the movie, that would work just as well.
>
> I'm using a mac btw.
>
> Any suggestions?

import subprocess
subprocess.Popen(["open", "path/to/the/movie.file"])

Docs for the subprocess module: http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html
For information on the Mac OS X "open" command, `man open` from Terminal.

Cheers,
Chris
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Python help: Sending a "play" command to quicktime, or playing a movie in python

[Varnon Varnon]

I'm sure this is a simple problem, or at least I hope it is, but I'm
not an experience programer and the solution eludes me.

My realm of study is the behavioral sciences. I want to write a
program to help me record data from movie files.
Currently I have a program that can record the time of a keystroke so
that I can use that to obtain frequency, duration and other temporal
characteristics of the behaviors in my movies.

What I really want, is a way to start playing the movie. Right now I
have to play the movie, then switch to my program. I would love it if
it were possible for me to have my program send a message to quicktime
that says "play." Or any other work around really. If python could
play the movie, that would work just as well.

I'm using a mac btw.

Any suggestions?
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Re: Dll in python

[Rami Chowdhury]

On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 14:08:58 -0700, Aahz  wrote:

In article  
,

snonca   wrote:


[...]


Was I the only person who read the Subject: line and thought, "How do you
roll D11, anyway?"


Surely it's just like a slightly unbalanced D12?

--
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"Never attribute to malice that which can be attributed to stupidity" --  
Hanlon's Razor

408-597-7068 (US) / 07875-841-046 (UK) / 0189-245544 (BD)
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Re: A new way to configure Python logging

[Wolodja Wentland]

On Thu, Oct 22, 2009 at 09:25 +, Vinay Sajip wrote:

> I need your feedback to make this feature as useful and as easy to use as
> possible. I'm particularly interested in your comments about the dictionary
> layout and how incremental logging configuration should work, but all feedback
> will be gratefully received. Once implemented, the configuration format will
> become subject to backward compatibility constraints and therefore hard to
> change, so get your comments and ideas in now!

First and foremost: A big *THANK YOU* for creating and maintaining the
logging module. I use it in every single piece of software I create and
am very pleased with it.

You asked for feedback on incremental logging and I will just describe
how I use the logging module in an application.

Almost all applications I write consist of a/many script(s) (foo-bar,
foo-baz, ...) and a associated package (foo).

Logger/Level Hierarchy
--

I usually register a logger 'foo' within the application and one logger
for each module in the package, so the resulting logger hierarchy will
look like this:

foo
 |__bar
 |__baz
 |__newt
|___witch

I set every loggers log level to DEBUG and use the respective logger in
each module to log messages with different log levels. A look at the
code reveals, that I use log levels in the following way:

* DEBUG - Low level chatter:
* Called foo.bar.Shrubbery.find()
* Set foo.newt.Witch.age to 23
* ...

* INFO - Messages of interest to the user:
* Read configuration from ~/.foorc
* Processing Swallow: Unladen

* WARNING - yeah, just that (rarely used)
* Use of deprecated...

* ERROR:
* No such file or directory: ...
* Bravery fail: Sir Robin

Among other levels specific to the application, like PERFORMANCE for
performance related unit tests, ...

And *yes*: I use the logging module to output messages to the user of
which I think she *might* be interested in seeing/saving them.

Application User Interface
--

I like to give my users great freedom in configuring the application and
its output behaviour. I therefore usually have the following command
line options:

-q, --quiet No output at all
-v, --verbose   More output (Messages with Level >= INFO)
--debug All messages

And I like the idea to enable the user to configure logging to the
console and to a log file independently, so I also provide;

   --log-file=FILE  Path of a file logged messages will get saved to
   --log-file-level=LEVEL   Messages with level >= LEVEL will be saved

Sometimes I need special LogRecord handling, for example, if I want to
enable the user to save logs to a html file, for which I write a HTML
Handler and expose the templates (mako, jinja, you-name-it) used for
generating the HTML to the user.

The last facet of the logging system I expose to the user is the format
of the log messages. I usually do this within the applications
configuration file (~/.foorc) in a special section [Logging].

Implementation
--

You have rightfully noted in the PEP, that the ConfigParser method
is not really suitable for incremental configuration and I therefore
configure the logging system programmatically.

I create all loggers with except the root (foo) with:

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
LOG.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

within each module and then register suitable handlers *with the root
logger* to process incoming LogRecords. That means that I usually have a
StreamHandler, a FileHandler among other more specific ones.

The Handlers I register have suitable Filters associated with them,
so that it is easy to just add multiple handlers for various levels to
the root handler without causing LogRecords to get logged multiple
times.

I have *never* had to register any handlers with loggers further down in
the hierarchy. I much rather like to combine suitable Filters and
Handlers at the root logger. But that might just be me and due to my
very restricted needs. What is a use case for that?

The unsuitabililty of the ConfigParser method however is *not* due to the
*format* of the textual logging configuration (ie. ini vs dict) but
rather due to the fact that the logging library does not expose all
aspects of the configuration to the programmer *after* it was configured
with .fileConfig().

Please contradict me if I am wrong here, but there seems to be *no* method 
to change/delete handlers/loggers  once they are configured. Surely I
could temper with logging's internals, but I don't want to do this.

PEP 391
---

I like PEP 391 a lot. Really! Thanks for it. The configuration format is
very concise and easily readable. I like the idea of decoupling the
object ultimately used for configuring (the dict) from the storage of
that object (pickled, YAML, JSON, ...).

What I dislike is the fact that I will still not be able to use it with
all its potential. If PEP 391 would have already been implemented righ

Re: Dll in python

[Aahz]

In article ,
snonca   wrote:
>
> [...]

Was I the only person who read the Subject: line and thought, "How do you
roll D11, anyway?"
-- 
Aahz (a...@pythoncraft.com)   <*> http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"In the end, outside of spy agencies, people are far too trusting and
willing to help."  --Ira Winkler
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Re: Dll in python

[Martien Verbruggen]

On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 13:09:10 -0700 (PDT),
snonca  wrote:
> hello
>
> I would like to know how to create dll in python to implement a
> project. NET

Are you maybe looking for this:

http://pythonnet.sourceforge.net/

Martien
-- 
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Martien Verbruggen   | If it isn't broken, it doesn't have
first.l...@heliotrope.com.au | enough features yet.
 | 
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Re: Dll in python

[Diez B. Roggisch]

snonca schrieb:

hello

I would like to know how to create dll in python to implement a
project. NET

There is a Tutorial



Take a look at iron-python.

Diez
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Dll in python

[snonca]

hello

I would like to know how to create dll in python to implement a
project. NET

There is a Tutorial

Thanks
Luis
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Re: How to write a daemon program to monitor symbolic links?

[Falcolas]

On Oct 23, 1:38 pm, Falcolas  wrote:
> On Oct 23, 1:25 pm, Peng Yu  wrote:
>
>
>
> > As far as I know, linux doesn't support a system level way to figure
> > out all the symbolic links point to a give file. I could do a system
> > wide search to look for any symbolic link that point to the file that
> > I am interested in. But this will be too slow when there are many
> > files in the systems.
>
> > I'm thinking of writing a daemon program which will build a database
> > on all the symbolic links that point to any files. Later on, whenever
> > I change or remove any file or symbolic link, I'll will notify the
> > daemon process the changes. By keeping this daemon process running, I
> > can quickly figure out what symbolic links are pointing to any give
> > file.
>
> > But I have never make a daemon program like this in python. Could
> > somebody point me what packages I need in order to make a daemon
> > process like this? Thank you!
>
> I would recommend looking into some articles on creating well behaved
> daemons and review python recipes for creating daemonic processes.
> From there, it's mostly a matter of writing code which is fairly self
> reliant. The ability to write to the system logs (Python module
> syslog) helps quite a bit.
>
> http://www.google.com/search?q=writing+daemonshttp://code.activestate.com/recipes/278731/
>
> I typically write a program which will run from the command line well,
> then add a switch to make it a daemon. That way, you have direct
> control over it while writing the daemon, but can then daemonize it
> (using the activestate recipe) without making changes to the code.
>
> Garrick

One other note - sorry for the double post - if you look at other
programs which maintain a DB of files, such as unix' slocate program,
update the DB as a daily cron job. You may want to also consider this
route.

Garrick
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Re: How to write a daemon program to monitor symbolic links?

[Grant Edwards]

On 2009-10-23, Peng Yu  wrote:

> [...]
>
> I'm thinking of writing a daemon program [...]
>
> But I have never make a daemon program like this in python. Could
> somebody point me what packages I need in order to make a daemon
> process like this?

http://www.google.com/search?q=python+daemon

-- 
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  at   OPERATOR just experience
   visi.comuninhibited sensations in
   a MALIBU HOT TUB?
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Re: How to write a daemon program to monitor symbolic links?

[Falcolas]

On Oct 23, 1:25 pm, Peng Yu  wrote:
> As far as I know, linux doesn't support a system level way to figure
> out all the symbolic links point to a give file. I could do a system
> wide search to look for any symbolic link that point to the file that
> I am interested in. But this will be too slow when there are many
> files in the systems.
>
> I'm thinking of writing a daemon program which will build a database
> on all the symbolic links that point to any files. Later on, whenever
> I change or remove any file or symbolic link, I'll will notify the
> daemon process the changes. By keeping this daemon process running, I
> can quickly figure out what symbolic links are pointing to any give
> file.
>
> But I have never make a daemon program like this in python. Could
> somebody point me what packages I need in order to make a daemon
> process like this? Thank you!

I would recommend looking into some articles on creating well behaved
daemons and review python recipes for creating daemonic processes.
>From there, it's mostly a matter of writing code which is fairly self
reliant. The ability to write to the system logs (Python module
syslog) helps quite a bit.

http://www.google.com/search?q=writing+daemons
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/278731/

I typically write a program which will run from the command line well,
then add a switch to make it a daemon. That way, you have direct
control over it while writing the daemon, but can then daemonize it
(using the activestate recipe) without making changes to the code.

Garrick
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How to write a daemon program to monitor symbolic links?

[Peng Yu]

As far as I know, linux doesn't support a system level way to figure
out all the symbolic links point to a give file. I could do a system
wide search to look for any symbolic link that point to the file that
I am interested in. But this will be too slow when there are many
files in the systems.

I'm thinking of writing a daemon program which will build a database
on all the symbolic links that point to any files. Later on, whenever
I change or remove any file or symbolic link, I'll will notify the
daemon process the changes. By keeping this daemon process running, I
can quickly figure out what symbolic links are pointing to any give
file.

But I have never make a daemon program like this in python. Could
somebody point me what packages I need in order to make a daemon
process like this? Thank you!
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Re: multiprocessing deadlock

[paulC]

>
> Hey Paul,
>
> I guess I was unclear in my explanation - the deadlock only happens  
> when I *don't* call join.
>
> Cheers,
> Brian

Whoops, my bad.

Have you tried replacing prints with writing a another output Queue?
I'm wondering if sys.stdout has a problem.

Regards, Paul C.
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Jason Sewall]

On Fri, Oct 23, 2009 at 2:31 PM, Olof Bjarnason
 wrote:
>> >
>> > This would be way to speed up things in an image processing algorithm:
>> > 1. divide the image into four subimages 2. let each core process each
>> > part independently 3. fix&merge (along split lines for example) into a
>> > resulting, complete image
>>
>> Well, don't assume you're the first to think about that.
>> I'm sure that performance-conscious image processing software already has
>> this kind of tile-based optimizations.
>> (actually, if you look at benchmarks of 3D rendering which are regularly
>> done by "enthusiast" websites, it shows exactly that)

This is indeed a tried-and-true method for parallelizing certain image
and other grid-based algorithms, but it is in fact not appropriate for
a wide variety of techniques. Things like median filters, where f(A|B)
!= f(A)|f(B) (with | as some sort of concatenation), will not be able
to generate correct results given the scheme you outlined.

> No I didn't assume I was the first to think about that - I wanted to learn
> more about how optimization at all is possible/viable with multi-core
> motherboards, when the memory speed is the bottleneck anyway, regardless of
> smart caching technologies.
>
> I still have not received a convincing answer :)

Give Ulrich Drepper's "What Every Programmer Should Know about Memory"
a read (http://people.redhat.com/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) and you'll
hear all you want to know (and more) about how the memory hierarchy
plays with multi-core.

I don't contribute to CPython, but I am virtually certain that they
are not interested in having the compiler/interpreter try to apply
some generic threading to arbitrary code. The vast majority of Python
code wouldn't benefit from it even if it worked well, and I'm _very_
skeptical that there is any silver bullet for parallelizing general
code. If you think of one, tell Intel, they'll hire you.

_Perhaps_ the numpy or scipy people (I am not associated with either
of them) would be interested in some threading for certain array
operations. Maybe you could write something on top of what they have
to speed up array ops.

Jason
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Olof Bjarnason]

>
> >
> > This would be way to speed up things in an image processing algorithm:
> > 1. divide the image into four subimages 2. let each core process each
> > part independently 3. fix&merge (along split lines for example) into a
> > resulting, complete image
>
> Well, don't assume you're the first to think about that.
> I'm sure that performance-conscious image processing software already has
> this kind of tile-based optimizations.
> (actually, if you look at benchmarks of 3D rendering which are regularly
> done by "enthusiast" websites, it shows exactly that)
>
> No I didn't assume I was the first to think about that - I wanted to learn
more about how optimization at all is possible/viable with multi-core
motherboards, when the memory speed is the bottleneck anyway, regardless of
smart caching technologies.

I still have not received a convincing answer :)

Antoine.

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>



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Re: A new way to configure Python logging

[Vinay Sajip]

> For my part, I'm configuring the loggers in the application entry point 

> file, in python code. I'm not sure I am that concerned. However being a 
> great fan of this module, I kindly support you for any improvements you 
> may add to this module and appreciate all the work you've already done 
> so far.

Thanks, I also appreciate your comments on python-list to help out users new to 
logging or having trouble with it.

If you're happy configuring in code, that's fine. The new functionality is for 
users who want to do declarative configuration using YAML, JSON or Python 
source (Django is possibly going to use a dict declared in Python source in the 
Django settings module to configure logging for Django sites).

Best regards,

Vinay Sajip


  
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Copying a ZipExtFile

[Moore, Mathew L]

Hello all,

A newbie here.  I was wondering why the following fails on Python 2.6.2 
(r262:71605) on win32.  Am I doing something inappropriate?

Interestingly, it works in 3.1, but would like to also get it working in 2.6.

Thanks in advance,
--Matt


import io
import shutil
import tempfile
import zipfile

with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as f:
# (Real code retrieves archive via urllib2.urlopen().)
zip = zipfile.ZipFile(f, mode='w')
zip.writestr('unknowndir/src.txt', 'Hello, world!')
zip.close();

# (Pretend we just downloaded the zip file.)
f.seek(0)

# Result of urlopen() is not seekable, but ZipFile requires a
# seekable file.  Work around this by copying the file into a
# memory stream.
with io.BytesIO() as memio:
shutil.copyfileobj(f, memio)
zip = zipfile.ZipFile(file=memio)
# Can't use zip.extract(), because I want to ignore paths
# within archive.
src = zip.open('unknowndir/src.txt')
with open('dst.txt', mode='wb') as dst:
shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)


The last line throws an Error:


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 25, in 
shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 27, in copyfileobj
buf = fsrc.read(length)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\zipfile.py", line 594, in read
bytes = self.fileobj.read(bytesToRead)
TypeError: integer argument expected, got 'long'


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Re: Cpython optimization

[Antoine Pitrou]

Le Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:53:02 +0200, Olof Bjarnason a écrit :
> 
> This would be way to speed up things in an image processing algorithm:
> 1. divide the image into four subimages 2. let each core process each
> part independently 3. fix&merge (along split lines for example) into a
> resulting, complete image

Well, don't assume you're the first to think about that.
I'm sure that performance-conscious image processing software already has 
this kind of tile-based optimizations.
(actually, if you look at benchmarks of 3D rendering which are regularly 
done by "enthusiast" websites, it shows exactly that)

Antoine.

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Re: A new way to configure Python logging

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

Vinay Sajip wrote:

If you use the logging package but don't like using the ConfigParser-based
configuration files which it currently supports, keep reading. I'm proposing to
provide a new way to configure logging, using a Python dictionary to hold
configuration information. It means that you can convert a text file such as

# logconf.yml: example logging configuration
formatters:
  brief:
format: '%(levelname)-8s: %(name)-15s: %(message)s'
  precise:
format: '%(asctime)s %(name)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s'
handlers:
  console:
class : logging.StreamHandler
formatter : brief
level : INFO
stream : ext://sys.stdout
  file:
class : logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
formatter : precise
filename : logconfig.log
maxBytes : 100
backupCount : 3
  email:
class: logging.handlers.SMTPHandler
mailhost: localhost
fromaddr: my_...@domain.tld
toaddrs:
  - support_t...@domain.tld
  - dev_t...@domain.tld
subject: Houston, we have a problem.
loggers:
  foo:
level : ERROR
handlers: [email]
  bar.baz:
level: WARNING
root:
  level : DEBUG
  handlers  : [console, file]
# -- EOF --

into a working configuration for logging. The above text is in YAML format, and
can easily be read into a Python dict using PyYAML and the code

import yaml; config = yaml.load(open('logconf.yml', 'r'))

but if you're not using YAML, don't worry. You can use JSON, Python source code
or any other method to construct a Python dict with the configuration
information, then call the proposed new configuration API using code like

import logging.config

logging.config.dictConfig(config)

to put the configuration into effect.

For full details of the proposed change to logging, see PEP 391 at

http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0391/

I need your feedback to make this feature as useful and as easy to use as
possible. I'm particularly interested in your comments about the dictionary
layout and how incremental logging configuration should work, but all feedback
will be gratefully received. Once implemented, the configuration format will
become subject to backward compatibility constraints and therefore hard to
change, so get your comments and ideas in now!

Thanks in advance,


Vinay Sajip


  
For my part, I'm configuring the loggers in the application entry point 
file, in python code. I'm not sure I am that concerned. However being a 
great fan of this module, I kindly support you for any improvements you 
may add to this module and appreciate all the work you've already done 
so far.


Cheers,

Jean-Michel

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Re: unicode and dbf files

[Ethan Furman]

John Machin wrote:

On Oct 23, 3:03 pm, Ethan Furman  wrote:


John Machin wrote:


On Oct 23, 7:28 am, Ethan Furman  wrote:



Greetings, all!



I would like to add unicode support to my dbf project.  The dbf header
has a one-byte field to hold the encoding of the file.  For example,
\x03 is code-page 437 MS-DOS.



My google-fu is apparently not up to the task of locating a complete
resource that has a list of the 256 possible values and their
corresponding code pages.



What makes you imagine that all 256 possible values are mapped to code
pages?


I'm just wanting to make sure I have whatever is available, and
preferably standard.  :D



So far I have found this, plus variations:http://support.microsoft.com/kb/129631



Does anyone know of anything more complete?



That is for VFP3. Try the VFP9 equivalent.



dBase 5,5,6,7 use others which are not defined in publicly available
dBase docs AFAICT. Look for "language driver ID" and "LDID". Secondary
source: ESRI support site.


Well, a couple hours later and still not more than I started with.
Thanks for trying, though!



Huh? You got tips to (1) the VFP9 docs (2) the ESRI site (3) search
keywords and you couldn't come up with anything??


Perhaps "nothing new" would have been a better description.  I'd already 
seen the clicketyclick site (good info there), and all I found at ESRI 
were folks trying to figure it out, plus one link to a list that was no 
different from the vfp3 list (or was it that the list did not give the 
hex values?  Either way, of no use to me.)


I looked at dbase.com, but came up empty-handed there (not surprising, 
since they are a commercial company).


I searched some more on Microsoft's site in the VFP9 section, and was 
able to find the code page section this time.  Sadly, it only added 
about seven codes.


At any rate, here is what I have come up with so far.  Any corrections 
and/or additions greatly appreciated.


code_pages = {
'\x01' : ('ascii', 'U.S. MS-DOS'),
'\x02' : ('cp850', 'International MS-DOS'),
'\x03' : ('cp1252', 'Windows ANSI'),
'\x04' : ('mac_roman', 'Standard Macintosh'),
'\x64' : ('cp852', 'Eastern European MS-DOS'),
'\x65' : ('cp866', 'Russian MS-DOS'),
'\x66' : ('cp865', 'Nordic MS-DOS'),
'\x67' : ('cp861', 'Icelandic MS-DOS'),
'\x68' : ('cp895', 'Kamenicky (Czech) MS-DOS'), # iffy
'\x69' : ('cp852', 'Mazovia (Polish) MS-DOS'),  # iffy
'\x6a' : ('cp737', 'Greek MS-DOS (437G)'),
'\x6b' : ('cp857', 'Turkish MS-DOS'),

'\x78' : ('big5', 'Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong SAR, Taiwan)\
   Windows'),   # wag
'\x79' : ('iso2022_kr', 'Korean Windows'),  # wag
'\x7a' : ('iso2022_jp_2', 'Chinese Simplified (PRC, Singapore)\
   Windows'),   # wag
'\x7b' : ('iso2022_jp', 'Japanese Windows'),# wag
'\x7c' : ('cp874', 'Thai Windows'), # wag
'\x7d' : ('cp1255', 'Hebrew Windows'),
'\x7e' : ('cp1256', 'Arabic Windows'),
'\xc8' : ('cp1250', 'Eastern European Windows'),
'\xc9' : ('cp1251', 'Russian Windows'),
'\xca' : ('cp1254', 'Turkish Windows'),
'\xcb' : ('cp1253', 'Greek Windows'),
'\x96' : ('mac_cyrillic', 'Russian Macintosh'),
'\x97' : ('mac_latin2', 'Macintosh EE'),
'\x98' : ('mac_greek', 'Greek Macintosh') }

~Ethan~
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Re: breaking out to the debugger (other than x=1/0 !)

[bdb112]

That's perfect - and removing the "breakpoint" is not an issue for me
as it is normally conditional on a debug level, which I can change
from pydb

if debuglvl>3:
import pydb
pydb.set_trace()
'in XXX:  c to continue'

The text line is a useful prompt

(The example here is for pydb which works as well (and is more like
gdb).



On Oct 23, 12:07 pm, "Diez B. Roggisch"  wrote:
> bdb112 wrote:
> > After a while programming in python, I still don't know how to break
> > out to the debugger other than inserting an instruction to cause an
> > exception.
> > x=1/0
>
> > In IDL one woudl write
>
> > stop,'reason for stopping...'
> > at which point you can inspect locals (as in pdb) and continue (but
> > you can't with pdb if python stopped because of an exception)
>
> > I am using ipython -pylab -pdb (python 2.5,2.6)
> > Yes, I realise that I could start with the debugger, and set break
> > points, but that can be slower and sometimes cause problems, and I
> > like ipython's magic features.
>
> > Also, I don't know how to stop cleanly handing control back to ipython
> > inside a program - e.g. after printing help text.
>
> I use
>
>  import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
>
> Of course that can't be deleted as breakpoint - but it suits me well.
>
> Diez

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Re: Read any function in runtime

[Matt McCredie]

joao abrantes  gmail.com> writes:

> 
> Hey. I want to make a program like this:print "Complete the function
f(x)="then the user would enter x+2 or 1/x or any other function that only uses
the variable x. Then my python program would calculate f(x) in some points for
example in f(2),f(4).. etc . How can I do this?
> 

check out 'eval' or 'exec'. 

statement = raw_input("Complete the function f(x)=")
print eval(statement, {'x':2})
print eval(statement, {'x':4})
print eval(statement, {'x':6})


or with 'exec':

statement = raw_input("Complete the function f(x)=")
exec "f = lambda x:"+statement in {}

print f(2)
print f(4)
print f(6)


Matt McCredie


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Read any function in runtime

[joao abrantes]

Hey. I want to make a program like this:

print "Complete the function f(x)="

then the user would enter x+2 or 1/x or any other function that only uses
the variable x. Then my python program would calculate f(x) in some points
for example in f(2),f(4).. etc . How can I do this?
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Re: breaking out to the debugger (other than x=1/0 !)

[Diez B. Roggisch]

bdb112 wrote:

> After a while programming in python, I still don't know how to break
> out to the debugger other than inserting an instruction to cause an
> exception.
> x=1/0
> 
> In IDL one woudl write
> 
> stop,'reason for stopping...'
> at which point you can inspect locals (as in pdb) and continue (but
> you can't with pdb if python stopped because of an exception)
> 
> I am using ipython -pylab -pdb (python 2.5,2.6)
> Yes, I realise that I could start with the debugger, and set break
> points, but that can be slower and sometimes cause problems, and I
> like ipython's magic features.
> 
> Also, I don't know how to stop cleanly handing control back to ipython
> inside a program - e.g. after printing help text.

I use 

 import pdb; pdb.set_trace()

Of course that can't be deleted as breakpoint - but it suits me well.

Diez
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breaking out to the debugger (other than x=1/0 !)

[bdb112]

After a while programming in python, I still don't know how to break
out to the debugger other than inserting an instruction to cause an
exception.
x=1/0

In IDL one woudl write

stop,'reason for stopping...'
at which point you can inspect locals (as in pdb) and continue (but
you can't with pdb if python stopped because of an exception)

I am using ipython -pylab -pdb (python 2.5,2.6)
Yes, I realise that I could start with the debugger, and set break
points, but that can be slower and sometimes cause problems, and I
like ipython's magic features.

Also, I don't know how to stop cleanly handing control back to ipython
inside a program - e.g. after printing help text.
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breaking out to the debugger (other than x=1/0 !)

[bdb112]

After a while programming in python, I still don't know how to break
out to the debugger other than inserting an instruction to cause an
exception.
x=1/0

In IDL one woudl write

stop,'reason for stopping...'
at which point you can inspect locals (as in pdb) and continue (but
you can't with pdb if python stopped because of an exception)

I am using ipython -pylab -pdb (python 2.5,2.6)
Yes, I realise that I could start with the debugger, and set break
points, but that can be slower and sometimes cause problems, and I
like ipython's magic features.

Also, I don't know how to stop cleanly handing control back to ipython
inside a program - e.g. after printing help text.
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Re: Help with code = Extract numerical value to variable

[rurpy]

On 10/23/2009 05:16 AM, Dave Angel wrote:
> Steve wrote:
>> Sorry I'm not being clear
>>
>> Input**
>> sold: 16
>> sold: 20
>> sold: 2
>> sold: 0
>> sold: 
>> 7
>> 0
>> 
>> sold
>> null
>>
>> Output
>> 16
>> 20
>> 2
>> 0
>> 0
>> 7
>> 0
>> 0
>> 0
>> 0
>
> Since you're looking for only digits, simply make a string containing
> all characters that aren't digits.
>
> Now, loop through the file and use str.translate() to delete all the
> non-digits from each line, using the above table.
>
> Check if the result is "", and if so, substitute "0".  Done.

delchars = ''.join([chr(i) for i in range (256) if chr(i)<'0' or chr(i)
>'9'])
f = open ('your_input_filename.txt')
for line in f:
num = line.translate (None, delchars)
if num == '': num = '0'
print num

IMO, Python's translate function in unpleasant enough
to use that I might use a regex here, although the
code above is likely faster if you are running this on
large input files.

import re
f = open ("your_input_filename.txt")
for line in f:
mo = re.search ('\d+', line)
if mo: print mo.group(0)
else: print '0'
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Re: Validating positional arguments in optparse

[Robert Kern]

On 2009-10-23 05:54 AM, Filip Gruszczyński wrote:

That being said, I still stick with optparse. I prefer the dogmatic
interface that makes all my exe use the exact same (POSIX) convention. I
really don't care about writing /file instead of --file


I would like to keep POSIX convention too, but just wanted
OptionParser to do the dirty work of checking that arguments are all
right for me and wanted to know the reason, it doesn't.

I guess I should write a subclass, which would do just that.


If you don't want to allow /file, just don't use it. argparse's default is to 
only allow --options and not /options. You can configure it to do otherwise, but 
you are in complete control. Your programs will all follow the same convention.


I highly, highly recommend argparse over optparse.

--
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
 that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
 an underlying truth."
  -- Umberto Eco

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Re: search python wifi module

[Jorgen Grahn]

On Fri, 2009-10-23, Clint Mourlevat wrote:
> hello,
>
> i search a wifi module python on windows, i have already scapy !

What is a wifi module?  Your OS is supposed to hide networking
implementation details (Ethernet, PPP, Wi-fi, 3G ...) and provide
specific management interfaces when needed. What are you trying to do?

/Jorgen

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Re: Please help with regular expression finding multiple floats

[Jeremy]

On Oct 23, 3:48 am, Edward Dolan  wrote:
> On Oct 22, 3:26 pm, Jeremy  wrote:
>
> > My question is, how can I use regular expressions to find two OR three
> > or even an arbitrary number of floats without repeating %s?  Is this
> > possible?
>
> > Thanks,
> > Jeremy
>
> Any time you have tabular data such as your example, split() is
> generally the first choice. But since you asked, and I like fscking
> with regular expressions...
>
> import re
>
> # I modified your data set just a bit to show that it will
> # match zero or more space separated real numbers.
>
> data =
> """
> 1.E-08
>
> 1.E-08 1.58024E-06 0.0048 1.E-08 1.58024E-06
> 0.0048
> 1.E-07 2.98403E-05
> 0.0018
> foo bar
> baaz
> 1.E-06 8.85470E-06
> 0.0026
> 1.E-05 6.08120E-06
> 0.0032
> 1.E-03 1.61817E-05
> 0.0022
> 1.E+00 8.34460E-05
> 0.0014
> 2.E+00 2.31616E-05
> 0.0017
> 5.E+00 2.42717E-05
> 0.0017
> total 1.93417E-04
> 0.0012
> """
>
> ntuple = re.compile
> (r"""
> # match beginning of line (re.M in the
> docs)
> ^
> # chew up anything before the first real (non-greedy -> ?)
>
> .*?
> # named match (turn the match into a named atom while allowing
> irrelevant (groups))
> (?
> P
>   # match one
> real
>   [-+]?(\d*\.\d+|\d+\.\d*)([eE][-+]?\d
> +)?
>   # followed by zero or more space separated
> reals
>   ([ \t]+[-+]?(\d*\.\d+|\d+\.\d*)([eE][-+]?\d+)?)
> *)
> # match end of line (re.M in the
> docs)
> $
> """, re.X | re.M) # re.X to allow comments and arbitrary
> whitespace
>
> print [tuple(mo.group('ntuple').split())
>        for mo in re.finditer(ntuple, data)]
>
> Now compare the previous post using split with this one. Even with the
> comments in the re, it's still a bit difficult to read. Regular
> expressions
> are brittle. My code works fine for the data above but if you change
> the
> structure the re will probably fail. At that point, you have to fiddle
> with
> the re to get it back on course.
>
> Don't get me wrong, regular expressions are hella fun to play with.
> You have
> to ask yourself, "Do I really _need_ to use a regular expression here?"

In this simplified example I don't really need regular expressions.
However I will need regular expressions for more complex problems and
I'm trying to become more proficient at using regular expressions.  I
tried to simplify this so as not to bother the mailing list too much.

Thanks for the great suggestion.  It looks like it will work fine, but
I can't get it to work.  I downloaded the simple script you put on
http://codepad.org/Z7eWBusl  but it only prints an empty list.  Am I
missing something?

Thanks,
Jeremy
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Olof Bjarnason]

2009/10/23 Antoine Pitrou 

> Le Fri, 23 Oct 2009 09:45:06 +0200, Olof Bjarnason a écrit :
> >
> > So I think my first question is still interesting: What is the point of
> > multiple cores, if memory is the bottleneck?
>
> Why do you think it is, actually? Some workloads are CPU-bound, some
> others are memory- or I/O-bound.
>

Big I/O operations have even less chance of gaining anything from being
parallellized (quite the opposite I would guess due to synchronization
overhead).

Operations that uses very little memory, say some mathematical computations
that can fit in 16 registers, have a lot to gain in being parallellized, of
course. Maybe computing small-formulae fractals is a good example of this?

My question was regarding the most hard-to-tell and, sadly also the most
common, trying to speed up algorithms that work over big data structures in
primary memory. Things like drawing lines, doing image processing,
multiplication of large matrices, ray tracing Basically anything with
large amounts of input information/buffers/structures, stored in primary
memory.

This would be way to speed up things in an image processing algorithm:
1. divide the image into four subimages
2. let each core process each part independently
3. fix&merge (along split lines for example) into a resulting, complete
image

Notice that no gain would be achieved if the memory was shared among the
cores, at least not if the operation-per-pixel is faster than the read/write
into memory.


> You will find plenty of benchmarks on the Web showing that some workloads
> scale almost linearly to the number of CPU cores, while some don't.
>
> --
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>



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Re: multiprocessing deadlock

[Brian Quinlan]

On 24 Oct 2009, at 00:02, paulC wrote:


On Oct 23, 3:18 am, Brian Quinlan  wrote:

My test reduction:

import multiprocessing
import queue

def _process_worker(q):
 while True:
 try:
 something = q.get(block=True, timeout=0.1)
 except queue.Empty:
 return
 else:
 print('Grabbed item from queue:', something)

def _make_some_processes(q):
 processes = []
 for _ in range(10):
 p = multiprocessing.Process(target=_process_worker,  
args=(q,))

 p.start()
 processes.append(p)
 return processes

def _do(i):
 print('Run:', i)
 q = multiprocessing.Queue()
 for j in range(30):
 q.put(i*30+j)
 processes = _make_some_processes(q)

 while not q.empty():
 pass

#The deadlock only occurs on Mac OS X and only when these lines
#are commented out:
#for p in processes:
#p.join()

for i in range(100):
 _do(i)

--

Output (on Mac OS X using the svn version of py3k):
% ~/bin/python3.2 moprocessmoproblems.py
Run: 0
Grabbed item from queue: 0
Grabbed item from queue: 1
Grabbed item from queue: 2
...
Grabbed item from queue: 29
Run: 1

At this point the script produces no additional output. If I  
uncomment

the lines above then the script produces the expected output. I don't
see any docs that would explain this problem and I don't know what  
the
rule would be e.g. you just join every process that uses a queue  
before

  the queue is garbage collected.

Any ideas why this is happening?

Cheers,
Brian


I can't promise a definitive answer but looking at the doc.s:-

isAlive()
   Return whether the thread is alive.

   Roughly, a thread is alive from the moment the start() method
returns until its run() method terminates. The module function
enumerate() returns a list of all alive threads.

I guess that the word 'roughly' indicates that returning from the  
start

() call does not mean that all the threads have actually started, and
so calling join is illegal. Try calling isAlive on all the threads
before returning from _make_some_processes.

Regards, Paul C.
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Hey Paul,

I guess I was unclear in my explanation - the deadlock only happens  
when I *don't* call join.


Cheers,
Brian


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Re: How to schedule system calls with Python

[Jorgen Grahn]

On Thu, 2009-10-22, Al Fansome wrote:
>
>
> Jorgen Grahn wrote:
>> On Fri, 2009-10-16, Jeremy wrote:
>>> On Oct 15, 6:32 pm, MRAB  wrote:
 TerryP wrote:
> On Oct 15, 7:42 pm, Jeremy  wrote:
>> I need to write a Python script that will call some command line
>> programs (using os.system).  I will have many such calls, but I want
>> to control when the calls are made.  I won't know in advance how long
>> each program will run and I don't want to have 10 programs running
>> when I only have one or two processors.  I want to run one at a time
>> (or two if I have two processors), wait until it's finished, and then
>> call the next one.
>> ...
 You could use multithreading: put the commands into a queue; start the
 same number of worker threads as there are processors; each worker
 thread repeatedly gets a command from the queue and then runs it using
 os.system(); if a worker thread finds that the queue is empty when it
 tries to get a command, then it terminates.
>>> Yes, this is it.  If I have a list of strings which are system
>>> commands, this seems like a more intelligent way of approaching it.
>>> My previous response will work, but won't take advantage of multiple
>>> cpus/cores in a machine without some manual manipulation.  I like this
>>> idea.
>> 
>> Note that you do not need *need* multithreading for this. To me it
>> seems silly to have N threads sitting just waiting for one process
>> each to die -- those threads contribute nothing to the multiprocessing
>> you want.
...

> Another way to approach this, if you do want to use threads, is to use a 
> counting semaphore. Set it to the maximum number of threads you want to 
> run at any one time. Then loop starting up worker threads in the main 
> thread. acquire() the semaphore before starting the next worker thread; 
> when the semaphore reaches 0, your main thread will block. Each worker 
> thread should then release() the semaphore when it  exits; this will 
> allow the main thread to move on to creating the next worker thread.
>
> This doesn't address the assignment of threads to CPU cores, but I have 
> used this technique many times, and it is simple and fairly easy to 
> implement. [---]

But do you *want* to handle the CPUs manually, anyway? Your program
typically has no idea what other processes are running on the machine
or how important they are.

(Of course, in this case the threads do next to nothing, so controlling
them on that detailed level neither helps nor hurts performance.)

/Jorgen

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Re: multiprocessing deadlock

[paulC]

On Oct 23, 3:18 am, Brian Quinlan  wrote:
> My test reduction:
>
> import multiprocessing
> import queue
>
> def _process_worker(q):
>      while True:
>          try:
>              something = q.get(block=True, timeout=0.1)
>          except queue.Empty:
>              return
>          else:
>              print('Grabbed item from queue:', something)
>
> def _make_some_processes(q):
>      processes = []
>      for _ in range(10):
>          p = multiprocessing.Process(target=_process_worker, args=(q,))
>          p.start()
>          processes.append(p)
>      return processes
>
> def _do(i):
>      print('Run:', i)
>      q = multiprocessing.Queue()
>      for j in range(30):
>          q.put(i*30+j)
>      processes = _make_some_processes(q)
>
>      while not q.empty():
>          pass
>
> #    The deadlock only occurs on Mac OS X and only when these lines
> #    are commented out:
> #    for p in processes:
> #        p.join()
>
> for i in range(100):
>      _do(i)
>
> --
>
> Output (on Mac OS X using the svn version of py3k):
> % ~/bin/python3.2 moprocessmoproblems.py
> Run: 0
> Grabbed item from queue: 0
> Grabbed item from queue: 1
> Grabbed item from queue: 2
> ...
> Grabbed item from queue: 29
> Run: 1
>
> At this point the script produces no additional output. If I uncomment
> the lines above then the script produces the expected output. I don't
> see any docs that would explain this problem and I don't know what the
> rule would be e.g. you just join every process that uses a queue before
>   the queue is garbage collected.
>
> Any ideas why this is happening?
>
> Cheers,
> Brian

I can't promise a definitive answer but looking at the doc.s:-

isAlive()
Return whether the thread is alive.

Roughly, a thread is alive from the moment the start() method
returns until its run() method terminates. The module function
enumerate() returns a list of all alive threads.

I guess that the word 'roughly' indicates that returning from the start
() call does not mean that all the threads have actually started, and
so calling join is illegal. Try calling isAlive on all the threads
before returning from _make_some_processes.

Regards, Paul C.
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search python wifi module

[Clint Mourlevat]

hello,

i search a wifi module python on windows, i have already scapy !

thanks
@+ 
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Antoine Pitrou]

Le Fri, 23 Oct 2009 09:45:06 +0200, Olof Bjarnason a écrit :
> 
> So I think my first question is still interesting: What is the point of
> multiple cores, if memory is the bottleneck?

Why do you think it is, actually? Some workloads are CPU-bound, some 
others are memory- or I/O-bound.

You will find plenty of benchmarks on the Web showing that some workloads 
scale almost linearly to the number of CPU cores, while some don't.

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Re: Bug? concatenate a number to a backreference: re.sub(r'(zzz:)xxx', r'\1'+str(4444), somevar)

[abdulet]

On 23 oct, 13:54, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
> abdulet wrote:
> > Well its this normal? i want to concatenate a number to a
> > backreference in a regular expression. Im working in a multprocess
> > script so the first what i think is in an error in the multiprocess
> > logic but what a sorprise!!! when arrived to this conclussion after
> > some time debugging i see that:
>
> > import re
> > aa = "zzz:xxx"
> > re.sub(r'(zzz:).*',r'\1'+str(),aa)
> > '[33'
>
> If you perform the addition you get r"\1". How should the regular
> expression engine interpret that? As the backreference to group 1, 13, ...
> or 1? It picks something completely different, "[33", because "\133" is
> the octal escape sequence for "[":
>
> >>> chr(0133)
>
> '['
>
> You can avoid the ambiguity with
>
> extra = str(number)
> extra = re.escape(extra)
> re.sub(expr r"\g<1>" + extra, text)
>
> The re.escape() step is not necessary here, but a good idea in the general
> case when extra is an arbitrary string.
>
> Peter
Aha!!! nice thanks i don't see that part of the re module
documentation and it was in front of my eyes :(( like always its
something silly jjj so thanks again and yes!! is a nice idea to escape
the variable ;)

cheers
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Re: Bug? concatenate a number to a backreference: re.sub(r'(zzz:)xxx', r'\1'+str(4444), somevar)

[Peter Otten]

abdulet wrote:

> Well its this normal? i want to concatenate a number to a
> backreference in a regular expression. Im working in a multprocess
> script so the first what i think is in an error in the multiprocess
> logic but what a sorprise!!! when arrived to this conclussion after
> some time debugging i see that:
> 
> import re
> aa = "zzz:xxx"
> re.sub(r'(zzz:).*',r'\1'+str(),aa)
> '[33'

If you perform the addition you get r"\1". How should the regular 
expression engine interpret that? As the backreference to group 1, 13, ... 
or 1? It picks something completely different, "[33", because "\133" is 
the octal escape sequence for "[":

>>> chr(0133)
'['

You can avoid the ambiguity with

extra = str(number)
extra = re.escape(extra) 
re.sub(expr r"\g<1>" + extra, text)

The re.escape() step is not necessary here, but a good idea in the general 
case when extra is an arbitrary string.

Peter

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Re: Cpython optimization

[Olof Bjarnason]

2009/10/23 Stefan Behnel 

> > Olof Bjarnason wrote:
> > [snip]
> >> A short question after having read through most of this thread, on the
> >> same subject (time-optimizing CPython):
> >>
> >> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2007-September/098964.html
> >>
> >> We are experiencing multi-core processor kernels more and more these
> >> days. But they are all still connected to the main memory, right?
> >>
> >> To me that means, even though some algorithm can be split up into
> >> several threads that run on different cores of the processor, that any
> >> algorithm will be memory-speed limited. And memory access is a quite
> >> common operation for most algorithms.
> >>
> >> Then one could ask oneself: what is the point of multiple cores, if
> >> memory bandwidth is the bottleneck? Specifically, what makes one
> >> expect any speed gain from parallelizing a sequential algorithm into
> >> four threads, say, when the memory shuffling is the same speed in both
> >> scenarios? (Assuming memory access is much slower than ADDs, JMPs and
> >> such instructions - a quite safe assumption I presume)
>
> Modern (multi-core) processors have several levels of caches that interact
> with the other cores in different ways.
>
> You should read up on NUMA.
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Uniform_Memory_Access
>

Thanks that was a good read. Basically NUMA addresses the problems I mention
by creating several primary memories (called banks) - making the motherboard
contain several computers (=cpu+primary memory) instead of one primary
memory and several cores, if I read it correctly.


> Stefan
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>



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Re: problem with pythonw.exe

[Dave Angel]

Martin Shaw wrote:

Hi,

I have a tkinter application running on my windows xp work machine and I am
attempting to stop the console from appearing when the application runs.
I've researched around and the way to do this appears to be to use
pythonw.exe instead of python.exe. However when I try to run pythonw.exe
from the command prompt it simply does nothing. I can't find anything like
this where I've searched. I've tried reinstalling python. Pythonw.exe
appears to work when i run it through cygwin however I don't really want to
use cygwin for this application. Any idea as to what might be the problem?

Thanks in advance,

Martin

  






Exactly what program is pythonw executing?  You need to search your PATH 
to see what's on it.  For example, if your PATH has a c:\bat directory 
on it, and in that directory you have a one-line batch file:


   @c:\python26\pythonw.exe

then you're seeing the expected behavior.  You'd need to add a parameter 
to the batch file, probably %*


Or you could be pointing at some other executable.

The other possibility for you is to use the .pyw file association that 
your install probably set up for you.  Rename your main script to have a 
.pyw extension, and then just type it as your command.  To check file 
associations, use assoc and ftype utilities, both standard on Windows XP 
and Vista.


DaveA

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Bug? concatenate a number to a backreference: re.sub(r'(zzz:)xxx', r'\1'+str(4444), somevar)

[abdulet]

Well its this normal? i want to concatenate a number to a
backreference in a regular expression. Im working in a multprocess
script so the first what i think is in an error in the multiprocess
logic but what a sorprise!!! when arrived to this conclussion after
some time debugging i see that:

import re
aa = "zzz:xxx"
re.sub(r'(zzz:).*',r'\1'+str(),aa)
'[33'

¿?¿?¿? well lets put a : after the backreference

aa = "zzz:xxx"
re.sub(r'(zzz).*',r'\1:'+str(),aa)
'zzz:'

now its the expected result so
should i expect that python concatenate the string to the
backreference before substitute the backreference? or is a bug

tested on:
Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit
(Intel)] on win32
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Jan  4 2009, 17:40:26) [GCC 4.3.2] on linux2

with the same result

Cheers!
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Help with code = Extract numerical value to variable

[Dave Angel]

Steve wrote:

Sorry I'm not being clear

Input**
sold: 16
sold: 20
sold: 2
sold: 0
sold: 
7
0

sold
null

Output
16
20
2
0
0
7
0
0
0
0


  
Since you're looking for only digits, simply make a string containing 
all characters that aren't digits.


Now, loop through the file and use str.translate() to delete all the 
non-digits from each line, using the above table.


Check if the result is "", and if so, substitute "0".  Done.

DaveA

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Re: Help with code = Extract numerical value to variable

[Sion Arrowsmith]

Steve   wrote:
>If there is a number in the line I want the number otherwise I want a
>0
>I don't think I can use strip because the lines have no standards

What do you think strip() does? Read
http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#str.lstrip
*carefully* (help(''.lstrip) is slightly ambiguous).
set(string.printable).difference(string.digits) may help.

-- 
\S

   under construction

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Re: Validating positional arguments in optparse

[Filip Gruszczyński]

> That being said, I still stick with optparse. I prefer the dogmatic
> interface that makes all my exe use the exact same (POSIX) convention. I
> really don't care about writing /file instead of --file

I would like to keep POSIX convention too, but just wanted
OptionParser to do the dirty work of checking that arguments are all
right for me and wanted to know the reason, it doesn't.

I guess I should write a subclass, which would do just that.


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Re: Validating positional arguments in optparse

[Jean-Michel Pichavant]

Filip Gruszczyński wrote:

optparse module is quite smart, when it comes to validating options,
like assuring, that certain option must be an integer. However, I
can't find any information about validating, that positional arguments
were provided and I can't find methods, that would allow defining
positional argument in OptionParser. Is it possible to do this, or was
it intentionaly left this way?

  

You can't, unlike argparse.

"

   * *The argparse module can handle positional and optional arguments,
 while optparse can handle only optional arguments*. (See
 add_argument()
 
.)
   * The argparse module isn’t dogmatic about what your command line
 interface should look like - options like -file or /file are
 supported, as are required options. Optparse refuses to support
 these features, preferring purity over practicality.
   * The argparse module produces more informative usage messages,
 including command-line usage determined from your arguments, and
 help messages for both positional and optional arguments. The
 optparse module requires you to write your own usage string, and
 has no way to display help for positional arguments.
   * The argparse module supports action that consume a variable number
 of command-line args, while optparse requires that the exact
 number of arguments (e.g. 1, 2, or 3) be known in advance. (See
 add_argument()
 
.)
   * The argparse module supports parsers that dispatch to
 sub-commands, while optparse requires setting
 allow_interspersed_args and doing the parser dispatch manually.
 (See add_subparsers()
 
.)
   * The argparse module allows the type and action parameters to
 add_argument()
 

 to be specified with simple callables, while optparse requires
 hacking class attributes like STORE_ACTIONS or CHECK_METHODS to
 get proper argument checking. (See add_argument()
 
).
   * "

That being said, I still stick with optparse. I prefer the dogmatic 
interface that makes all my exe use the exact same (POSIX) convention. I 
really don't care about writing /file instead of --file


JM
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Validating positional arguments in optparse

[Filip Gruszczyński]

optparse module is quite smart, when it comes to validating options,
like assuring, that certain option must be an integer. However, I
can't find any information about validating, that positional arguments
were provided and I can't find methods, that would allow defining
positional argument in OptionParser. Is it possible to do this, or was
it intentionaly left this way?

-- 
Filip Gruszczyński
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Re: Please help with regular expression finding multiple floats

[Edward Dolan]

I can see why this line could wrap
> 1.E-08 1.58024E-06 0.0048 1.E-08 1.58024E-06
> 0.0048
But this one?
> 1.E-07 2.98403E-05
> 0.0018

anyway, here is the code -> http://codepad.org/Z7eWBusl
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Re: Please help with regular expression finding multiple floats

[Edward Dolan]

On Oct 22, 3:26 pm, Jeremy  wrote:
> My question is, how can I use regular expressions to find two OR three
> or even an arbitrary number of floats without repeating %s?  Is this
> possible?
>
> Thanks,
> Jeremy

Any time you have tabular data such as your example, split() is
generally the first choice. But since you asked, and I like fscking
with regular expressions...

import re

# I modified your data set just a bit to show that it will
# match zero or more space separated real numbers.

data =
"""
1.E-08

1.E-08 1.58024E-06 0.0048 1.E-08 1.58024E-06
0.0048
1.E-07 2.98403E-05
0.0018
foo bar
baaz
1.E-06 8.85470E-06
0.0026
1.E-05 6.08120E-06
0.0032
1.E-03 1.61817E-05
0.0022
1.E+00 8.34460E-05
0.0014
2.E+00 2.31616E-05
0.0017
5.E+00 2.42717E-05
0.0017
total 1.93417E-04
0.0012
"""

ntuple = re.compile
(r"""
# match beginning of line (re.M in the
docs)
^
# chew up anything before the first real (non-greedy -
> ?)
.*?
# named match (turn the match into a named atom while allowing
irrelevant (groups))
(?
P
  # match one
real
  [-+]?(\d*\.\d+|\d+\.\d*)([eE][-+]?\d
+)?
  # followed by zero or more space separated
reals
  ([ \t]+[-+]?(\d*\.\d+|\d+\.\d*)([eE][-+]?\d+)?)
*)
# match end of line (re.M in the
docs)
$
""", re.X | re.M) # re.X to allow comments and arbitrary
whitespace

print [tuple(mo.group('ntuple').split())
   for mo in re.finditer(ntuple, data)]

Now compare the previous post using split with this one. Even with the
comments in the re, it's still a bit difficult to read. Regular
expressions
are brittle. My code works fine for the data above but if you change
the
structure the re will probably fail. At that point, you have to fiddle
with
the re to get it back on course.

Don't get me wrong, regular expressions are hella fun to play with.
You have
to ask yourself, "Do I really _need_ to use a regular expression here?"
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Re: pyodbc - problem passing None as parameter

[Tim Golden]

Frank Millman wrote:
Thanks, Tim, for the detailed explanation. I appreciate your taking the 
time.


It was difficult for me to use the code that you posted, because under my 
present setup I define my SQL statements externally, and the WHERE clause 
has to conform to one or more rows of six columns -

Test (WHERE or AND or OR)
Left bracket (either present or blank)
Column name
Operator
Expression
Right bracket (either present or blank)

I therefore used the workaround that I mentioned above, and it seems to work 
fine, for both pyodbc and psycopg2.


I'm glad you managed to get something working. :)
I do similar things when needs be, being
more of a pragmatist than a purist most of the time.

(The should-NULL-be-special debate is occasionally
as fiery in the SQL world as the should-self-be-automatic
or tabs-or-spaces quesetions are in the Python world).

TJG
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Stefan Behnel]

> Olof Bjarnason wrote:
> [snip]
>> A short question after having read through most of this thread, on the
>> same subject (time-optimizing CPython):
>>
>> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2007-September/098964.html
>>
>> We are experiencing multi-core processor kernels more and more these
>> days. But they are all still connected to the main memory, right?
>>
>> To me that means, even though some algorithm can be split up into
>> several threads that run on different cores of the processor, that any
>> algorithm will be memory-speed limited. And memory access is a quite
>> common operation for most algorithms.
>>
>> Then one could ask oneself: what is the point of multiple cores, if
>> memory bandwidth is the bottleneck? Specifically, what makes one
>> expect any speed gain from parallelizing a sequential algorithm into
>> four threads, say, when the memory shuffling is the same speed in both
>> scenarios? (Assuming memory access is much slower than ADDs, JMPs and
>> such instructions - a quite safe assumption I presume)

Modern (multi-core) processors have several levels of caches that interact
with the other cores in different ways.

You should read up on NUMA.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Uniform_Memory_Access

Stefan
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Re: pyodbc - problem passing None as parameter

[Frank Millman]

Tim Goldenwrote:
> Frank Millman wrote:
>>
>> I want the final WHERE clause to show 'WHERE todate IS NULL'.
>
> Of course, I understand that. What I mean is that if a piece
> of SQL say:
>
>  WHERE table.column IS ?
>
> then the only possible (meaningful) value ? can have is
> NULL (or None, in python-speak). In fact, the IS NULL is
> really a sort of unary operator-expression, not an operator
> with a value.
>

>>
>> As a workaround, I suppose I could scan the argument list, and if I find 
>> a None, substitute the ? with NULL in the SQL statement itself.

>
> Well, the code I posted previously, although tedious taken to
> extremes, will do that. (I have seen and used code like that in a number 
> of production systems).
>

Thanks, Tim, for the detailed explanation. I appreciate your taking the 
time.

It was difficult for me to use the code that you posted, because under my 
present setup I define my SQL statements externally, and the WHERE clause 
has to conform to one or more rows of six columns -
Test (WHERE or AND or OR)
Left bracket (either present or blank)
Column name
Operator
Expression
Right bracket (either present or blank)

I therefore used the workaround that I mentioned above, and it seems to work 
fine, for both pyodbc and psycopg2.

Once again, many thanks.

Frank



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Re: problem with pythonw.exe

[Christian Heimes]

Martin Shaw wrote:
> I have a tkinter application running on my windows xp work machine and I am
> attempting to stop the console from appearing when the application runs.
> I've researched around and the way to do this appears to be to use
> pythonw.exe instead of python.exe. However when I try to run pythonw.exe
> from the command prompt it simply does nothing. I can't find anything like
> this where I've searched. I've tried reinstalling python. Pythonw.exe
> appears to work when i run it through cygwin however I don't really want to
> use cygwin for this application. Any idea as to what might be the problem?

Windows GUI programs don't have any standard streams. stdin, stdout and
stderr aren't attached so any print statement or traceback isn't shown.
Could this explain the behavior?

Christian
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Re: Help with my program

[Alan Gauld]

"tanner barnes"  wrote

I have a program with 2 classes and in one 4 variables 
are created (their name, height, weight, and grade). 
What im trying to make happen is to get the variables 
from the first class and use them in the second class.


In general thats not a good idea. Each class should 
manage its own data and you should pass objects 
between objects. So first check that whatever your 
second class wants to do with the data from your first 
class can't be done by the first class itself via a method.


If you really do need to access the data there are 
several approaches:


1) Direct access via the object

class C:
  def __init__(s):
  s.x = 42

class D:
   def f(s, c):
  s.y = c.x# direct access to a C instance

2) Access via a getter method returning each variable:

class C:
  def __init__(s):
  s.x = 42
  def getX(s):
  return s.x

class D:
   def f(s, c):
  s.y = c.getX()# access via a getter method

3) Access via a logical operation that returns all public data

class C:
  def __init__(s):
  s.x = 42
  s.y = 66
  def getData(s):
  return (s.x, s.y)

class D:
   def f(s, c):
  s.x, s.y = c.getData()# access via a logical access method

My personal preference in Python is (1) for occasional single 
value access (akin to a friend function in C++) or (3) for more 
regular access requests.


But most of all I try to avoid cross class data access wherever possible. 
As Peter Coad put it "Objects should do it to themselves"

Otherwise known as the Law of Demeter.

HTH,

--
Alan Gauld
Author of the Learn to Program web site
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/

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Re: Help with my program

[Lie Ryan]

tanner barnes wrote:
Ok so im in need of some help! I have a program with 2 classes and in 
one 4 variables are created (their name, height, weight, and grade). 
What im trying to make happen is to get the variables from the first 
class and use them in the second class.



Windows 7: It helps you do more. Explore Windows 7. 





There are many ways to do that, which one is appropriate depends on what 
you're trying to do.


1. Inheritance.

class A(object):
def __init__(self):
self.inst_var = 'instance variable'

class B(A)
pass

a = A()
b = B()

2. Property

class A(object):
def __init__(self):
self.inst_var = 'instance variable'

class B(object):
@property
def inst_var(self):
return a.inst_var
@inst_var.setter
def inst_var(self, val):
a.inst_var = val

a = A()
b = B()

3. Simple copying

class A(object):
def __init__(self):
self.inst_var = 'instance variable'

class B(object):
def __init__(self):
self.inst_var = a.inst_var

a = A()
b = B()

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problem with pythonw.exe

[Martin Shaw]

Hi,

I have a tkinter application running on my windows xp work machine and I am
attempting to stop the console from appearing when the application runs.
I've researched around and the way to do this appears to be to use
pythonw.exe instead of python.exe. However when I try to run pythonw.exe
from the command prompt it simply does nothing. I can't find anything like
this where I've searched. I've tried reinstalling python. Pythonw.exe
appears to work when i run it through cygwin however I don't really want to
use cygwin for this application. Any idea as to what might be the problem?

Thanks in advance,

Martin
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Re: pyodbc - problem passing None as parameter

[Tim Golden]

Frank Millman wrote:

Tim Golden wrote:

Frank Millman wrote:

cur.execute('select * from ctrl.dirusers where todate is ?', None)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in  pyodbc.ProgrammingError: ('42000', 
"[42000] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Incorrect syntax 
near @P1'. (102) (SQLExecDirectW); [42000] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server 
Driver][SQL Server]Statement(s) could not be prepared. (8180)")



I would estimate that it's because you're using
"where todate is ?" in your WHERE clause, which
can only possibly be followed by a NULL -- thus making
it a not-meaningfully parameterisable query.



Thanks for the response, Tim.

Why do you say that this is not-meaningfully parameterisable?

I want the final WHERE clause to show 'WHERE todate IS NULL'.


Of course, I understand that. What I mean is that if a piece
of SQL say:

 WHERE table.column IS ?

then the only possible (meaningful) value ? can have is
NULL (or None, in python-speak). In fact, the IS NULL is
really a sort of unary operator-expression, not an operator
with a value.

As I'm sure you're aware, ANSI treatment of NULLs demands
that neither:

 WHERE table.column = NULL

nor

 WHERE table.column <> NULL

will succeed, regardless of the value of table.column.

You might just have expected that some combination of an
RDBMS and its driver (ODBC or otherwise) and the Python
dbapi module could get their respective acts together and
-- when faced with a piece of parsed SQL like this:

 WHERE table.column = ?

-- could translate that under the covers into:

 WHERE table.column IS ?

when the parameter translates to NULL.

But pyodbc / mssql doesn't seem to do that, even if psycopg2
does. As I mentioned before, there doesn't seem to be anything
in the dbapi PEP which mandates or forbids such behaviour, so
I suppose it's implementation-dependent.



As I showed in my first example, pyodbc has no problem converting "'select 
?', None" into "select NULL". I don't see why this should be any different.


I think I answered that above re semantics of comparing to NULL.
Also, note that pyodbc isn't itself string-processing your query;
it's calling several layers of db driver to ask MSSQL to do that,
given a combination of parameterised SQL and parameter values.
(



For the record, psycopg2 on Postgresql has no problem with this.

As a workaround, I suppose I could scan the argument list, and if I find a 
None, substitute the ? with NULL in the SQL statement itself.


Well, the code I posted previously, although tedious taken to
extremes, will do that. (I have seen and used code like that in 
a number of production systems).


It would be interesting to view the SQL statement that pyodbc passes to SQL 
Server for execution. Does anyone know if it is possible to set a parameter 
anywhere to enable this?


See my comment above about what pyodbc doesn't do to your SQL.
There's a bit of an explanation here, from the Microsoft end
of things:

 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175528.aspx

but this is not an MS-specific concept. It's how most (all?)
database engines work.

TJG
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Olof Bjarnason]

2009/10/23 Olof Bjarnason 

>
>
> 2009/10/22 MRAB 
>
> Olof Bjarnason wrote:
>> [snip]
>>
>>  A short question after having read through most of this thread, on the
>>> same subject (time-optimizing CPython):
>>>
>>> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2007-September/098964.html
>>>
>>> We are experiencing multi-core processor kernels more and more these
>>> days. But they are all still connected to the main memory, right?
>>>
>>> To me that means, even though some algorithm can be split up into several
>>> threads that run on different cores of the processor, that any algorithm
>>> will be memory-speed limited. And memory access is a quite common operation
>>> for most algorithms.
>>>
>>> Then one could ask oneself: what is the point of multiple cores, if
>>> memory bandwidth is the bottleneck? Specifically, what makes one expect any
>>> speed gain from parallelizing a sequential algorithm into four threads, say,
>>> when the memory shuffling is the same speed in both scenarios? (Assuming
>>> memory access is much slower than ADDs, JMPs and such instructions - a quite
>>> safe assumption I presume)
>>>
>>> [ If every core had it's own primary memory, the situation would be
>>> different. It would be more like the situation in a distributed/internet
>>> based system, spread over several computers. One could view each core as a
>>> separate computer actually ]
>>>
>>>  Don't forget about the on-chip cache! :-)
>>
>
> Sorry for continuing slightly OT:
>
> Yes, that makes matters even more interesting.
>
> Caches for single-cpu-boards speed up memory access quite dramatically. Are
> caches for multi-core boards shared among the cores? Or do each core have a
> separate cache? I can only imagine how complicated the read/write logic must
> be of these tiny electronic devices, in any case.
>
> Of course caches makes the memory access-operations must faster, but I'm
> guessing register instructions are still orders of magnitude faster than
> (cached) memory access. (or else registers would not really be needed - you
> could just view the whole primary memory as an array of registers!)
>
> So I think my first question is still interesting: What is the point of
> multiple cores, if memory is the bottleneck?
> (it helps to think of algorithms such as line-drawing or ray-tracing, which
> is easy to parallellize, yet I believe are still faster using a single core
> instead of multiple because of the read/write-to-memory-bottleneck. It does
> help to bring more workers to the mine if
>

um typo "It does NOT help to .."

only one is allowed access at a time, or more likely, several are allowed
> yet it gets so crowded that queues/waiting is inevitable)
>
> --
>
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>>
>
>
>
> --
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> olofb.wordpress.com
> olofb.wordpress.com/tag/english
>
>


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Re: Cpython optimization

[Olof Bjarnason]

2009/10/22 MRAB 

> Olof Bjarnason wrote:
> [snip]
>
>  A short question after having read through most of this thread, on the
>> same subject (time-optimizing CPython):
>>
>> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2007-September/098964.html
>>
>> We are experiencing multi-core processor kernels more and more these days.
>> But they are all still connected to the main memory, right?
>>
>> To me that means, even though some algorithm can be split up into several
>> threads that run on different cores of the processor, that any algorithm
>> will be memory-speed limited. And memory access is a quite common operation
>> for most algorithms.
>>
>> Then one could ask oneself: what is the point of multiple cores, if memory
>> bandwidth is the bottleneck? Specifically, what makes one expect any speed
>> gain from parallelizing a sequential algorithm into four threads, say, when
>> the memory shuffling is the same speed in both scenarios? (Assuming memory
>> access is much slower than ADDs, JMPs and such instructions - a quite safe
>> assumption I presume)
>>
>> [ If every core had it's own primary memory, the situation would be
>> different. It would be more like the situation in a distributed/internet
>> based system, spread over several computers. One could view each core as a
>> separate computer actually ]
>>
>>  Don't forget about the on-chip cache! :-)
>

Sorry for continuing slightly OT:

Yes, that makes matters even more interesting.

Caches for single-cpu-boards speed up memory access quite dramatically. Are
caches for multi-core boards shared among the cores? Or do each core have a
separate cache? I can only imagine how complicated the read/write logic must
be of these tiny electronic devices, in any case.

Of course caches makes the memory access-operations must faster, but I'm
guessing register instructions are still orders of magnitude faster than
(cached) memory access. (or else registers would not really be needed - you
could just view the whole primary memory as an array of registers!)

So I think my first question is still interesting: What is the point of
multiple cores, if memory is the bottleneck?
(it helps to think of algorithms such as line-drawing or ray-tracing, which
is easy to parallellize, yet I believe are still faster using a single core
instead of multiple because of the read/write-to-memory-bottleneck. It does
help to bring more workers to the mine if only one is allowed access at a
time, or more likely, several are allowed yet it gets so crowded that
queues/waiting is inevitable)

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Re: unicode and dbf files

[John Machin]

On Oct 23, 3:03 pm, Ethan Furman  wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > On Oct 23, 7:28 am, Ethan Furman  wrote:
>
> >>Greetings, all!
>
> >>I would like to add unicode support to my dbf project.  The dbf header
> >>has a one-byte field to hold the encoding of the file.  For example,
> >>\x03 is code-page 437 MS-DOS.
>
> >>My google-fu is apparently not up to the task of locating a complete
> >>resource that has a list of the 256 possible values and their
> >>corresponding code pages.
>
> > What makes you imagine that all 256 possible values are mapped to code
> > pages?
>
> I'm just wanting to make sure I have whatever is available, and
> preferably standard.  :D
>
> >>So far I have found this, plus 
> >>variations:http://support.microsoft.com/kb/129631
>
> >>Does anyone know of anything more complete?
>
> > That is for VFP3. Try the VFP9 equivalent.
>
> > dBase 5,5,6,7 use others which are not defined in publicly available
> > dBase docs AFAICT. Look for "language driver ID" and "LDID". Secondary
> > source: ESRI support site.
>
> Well, a couple hours later and still not more than I started with.
> Thanks for trying, though!

Huh? You got tips to (1) the VFP9 docs (2) the ESRI site (3) search
keywords and you couldn't come up with anything??
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Re: [OT] Supporting "homework" (was: Re: Checking a Number for Palindromic Behavior)

[Mel]

Dieter Maurer wrote:

> Steven D'Aprano  writes on 20 Oct
> 2009 05:35:18 GMT:
>> As far as I'm concerned, asking for help on homework without being honest
>> up-front about it and making an effort first, is cheating by breaking the
>> social contract. Anyone who rewards cheaters by giving them the answer
>> they want is part of the problem. Whether cheaters prosper in the long
>> run or not, they make life more difficult for the rest of us, and should
>> be discouraged.
> 
> A few days ago, I have read an impressive book: "Albert Jacquard: Mon
> utopie". The author has been a university professor (among others for
> population genectics, a discipline between mathematics and biologie).
> One of the corner therories in his book: mankind has reached the current
> level of development not mainly due to exceptional work by individuals
> but by the high level of cooperation between individuals.

A false dualism, IMHO.  It's true that cooperation lets good ideas spread 
throughout the general human culture.  However, every good idea has to start 
somewhere, with an individual or a tiny group.  Pressing people to 
appreciate and (with luck) originate good ideas is a good thing.  
Particularly in education.  It takes a person about eight years from birth 
to being able to copy something.  I think the ten years of education after 
that should try for more.

Look at where we are now.  A game of follow-the-leader has run out of 
control and crashed the world economy.  A little more critical thinking 
might have been nice.

Mel.


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Help with code = Extract numerical value to variable

[Steve]

I have some data that I'm performing some analysis on.
How do I grab the numerical value if it's present and ignore
otherwise. So in the following example
I would have assign the following values to my var
16
20
2
7
0


In Field6
Sample String data is
sold: 16
sold: 20
sold: 2
sold: 0
sold: 
7
0

sold
null

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Re: a splitting headache

[Mensanator]

On Oct 22, 2:23 pm, Falcolas  wrote:
> On Oct 22, 11:56 am, Mensanator  wrote:
> [massive snip]
>
> > Yes, AFTER you read the docs.
>
> Not to feed the troll,

I prefer the term "gadfly".

> but obligatory reference to XKCD:
>
> http://xkcd.com/293/

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Re: a splitting headache

[Mensanator]

On Oct 22, 1:22 pm, Paul Rudin  wrote:
> Mensanator  writes:
> > No one ever considers making life easy for the user.
>
> That's a bizarre assertion.

I have a bad habit of doing that.
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Re: a splitting headache

[Paul Rudin]

Mensanator  writes:

> No one ever considers making life easy for the user.

That's a bizarre assertion.

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Re: Cpython optimization

[MRAB]

Olof Bjarnason wrote:
[snip]
A short question after having read through most of this thread, on the 
same subject (time-optimizing CPython):


http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2007-September/098964.html

We are experiencing multi-core processor kernels more and more these 
days. But they are all still connected to the main memory, right?


To me that means, even though some algorithm can be split up into 
several threads that run on different cores of the processor, that any 
algorithm will be memory-speed limited. And memory access is a quite 
common operation for most algorithms.


Then one could ask oneself: what is the point of multiple cores, if 
memory bandwidth is the bottleneck? Specifically, what makes one expect 
any speed gain from parallelizing a sequential algorithm into four 
threads, say, when the memory shuffling is the same speed in both 
scenarios? (Assuming memory access is much slower than ADDs, JMPs and 
such instructions - a quite safe assumption I presume)


[ If every core had it's own primary memory, the situation would be 
different. It would be more like the situation in a distributed/internet 
based system, spread over several computers. One could view each core as 
a separate computer actually ]



Don't forget about the on-chip cache! :-)
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PyGUI menubar

[dr k]

I want to completely eliminate the menu bar from my PyGUI 2.0.5 application.
the obvious thing,

app.menus = []

doesn't work. i want not only the menus but the menu bar to disappear. help?
[ a quick look at the code makes me suspect that it cannot be done
presently but maybe there is a sneaky way. ]
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Re: Cpython optimization

[Terry Reedy]

Qrees wrote:

Hello

As my Master's dissertation I chose Cpython optimization. That's why
i'd like to ask what are your suggestions what can be optimized. Well,
I know that quite a lot. I've downloaded the source code (I plan to
work on Cpython 2.6 and I've downloaded 2.6.3 release). By looking at
the code I've found comment's like "this can be optimized by..." etc.
but maybe you guide me what should I concentrate on in my work?


2.6.3 is about to be replaced with 2.6.4, but even that will not have 
improvements that have already been added to 3.x or 2.7. I strongly 
suggest that you work with the 3.2 code, since there is then a maximal 
chance that your improvements will actually be adopted.

 tjr

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Re: Python 2.6 Deprecation Warnings with __new__ — Can someone expla in why?

[Terry Reedy]

Consider this:

def blackhole(*args, **kwds): pass

The fact that it accept args that it ignores could be considered 
misleading or even a bug.  Now modify it to do something useful, like 
return a new, naked, immutable object that is the same for every call 
except for identity, and which still totally ignores the args as 
irrelavant. Call it object.__new__. It is just as misleading, if not 
more so.


In 3.x, the mistake has been fixed.
>>> object(1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
object(1)
TypeError: object.__new__() takes no parameters

Terry Jan Reedy

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