RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear ReligiousScarf

2009-04-08 Thread Paul Finkelman
I also wonder if a hear scarf raises safety issues if the office is involved in 
a pysical confrontation; it also seems to me that or most paramilitary 
organizations the uniform must be uniform -- you can't have everyone 
mondifying the uniform to suit them.  It reminds me of the O'Connor dissent in 
Goldman -- she would allow the yarlmulke because it was covered and did not 
actually aler the uniform; I suppose Phil. could create a headscarf for its 
uniforms. 


Paul Finkelman
President William McKinley Distinguished Professor of Law
Albany Law School
80 New Scotland Avenue
Albany, NY 12208

518-445-3386 (p)
518-445-3363 (f)

pf...@albanylaw.edu

www.paulfinkelman.com

--- On Wed, 4/8/09, Volokh, Eugene vol...@law.ucla.edu wrote:


From: Volokh, Eugene vol...@law.ucla.edu
Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear 
ReligiousScarf
To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu
Date: Wednesday, April 8, 2009, 12:16 PM


    Is the rule really against wearing religious attire?  I couldn't
quickly find Police Department Directive 78 -- the relevant rule --
online, but as I understand it, it sets forth a specific uniform, and
all deviations from the uniform are prohibited, whether they are
religious or otherwise.  I doubt, for instance, that the department
would allow the wearing of political buttons, or ethnic symbols, or just
the officer's favorite hat.  Or am I missing something?

    Eugene

 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu 
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of David Cruz
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 8:24 AM
 To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics
 Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid 
 to Wear ReligiousScarf
 
 I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting 
 with the complaint that a rule against wearing *religious* 
 symbols or attire was not a neutral law of general 
 applicability and thus should receive strict scrutiny under 
 the federal Free Exercise Clause.
 
 David B. Cruz
 Professor of Law
 University of Southern California Gould School of Law
 699 Exposition Blvd.
 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
 U.S.A.
 
 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
 To: Religionlaw
 Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to 
 Wear Religious Scarf
 
 A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has 
 lost her court battle to wear a religious head scarf on the 
 job now that the 3rd U.S.
 Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the 
 department to accommodate her would compromise the city's 
 interest in maintaining religious neutrality in its police force.
 
 http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190
 ___
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RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear Religious Scarf

2009-04-08 Thread Paul Finkelman
is it because the perception of religious bias by a police officer would impact 
how the population feels; imagine she busts a non-religious Moslem woman 
without headgear?  Does this lead to a perception of unfairness; or she busts 
an Orthodox Jew in his headgear?  Seems to me any religious symbols on police 
officers undermines their authority and community relations.


Paul Finkelman
President William McKinley Distinguished Professor of Law
Albany Law School
80 New Scotland Avenue
Albany, NY 12208

518-445-3386 (p)
518-445-3363 (f)

pf...@albanylaw.edu

www.paulfinkelman.com

--- On Wed, 4/8/09, David Cruz dc...@law.usc.edu wrote:


From: David Cruz dc...@law.usc.edu
Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear Religious 
Scarf
To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu, 
paul.finkel...@yahoo.com
Date: Wednesday, April 8, 2009, 11:24 AM


I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting with the
complaint that a rule against wearing *religious* symbols or attire was
not a neutral law of general applicability and thus should receive
strict scrutiny under the federal Free Exercise Clause.

David B. Cruz
Professor of Law
University of Southern California Gould School of Law
699 Exposition Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
U.S.A.

-Original Message-
From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu
[mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
To: Religionlaw
Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear
Religious Scarf

A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has lost her
court
battle to wear a religious head scarf on the job now that the 3rd U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the department to
accommodate her would compromise the city's interest in maintaining
religious neutrality in its police force.

http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190
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Re: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear Religious Scarf

2009-04-08 Thread Dave Sidhu
Dear Friends,

If anyone is interested in reviewing Directive 78 (the police
department's uniform policy), I have a copy of it on my hard drive.
Please feel free to contact me directly and I will send you the file.

Also, here is a link to the Third Circuit's decision:
http://www.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/073081p.pdf

Best,
Dave

--
Dawinder “Dave” S. Sidhu
http://www.ssrn.com/Auth?_id=688955


On Wed, Apr 8, 2009 at 11:59 AM, Paul Finkelman
paul.finkel...@yahoo.com wrote:
 is it because the perception of religious bias by a police officer would
 impact how the population feels; imagine she busts a non-religious Moslem
 woman without headgear?  Does this lead to a perception of unfairness; or
 she busts an Orthodox Jew in his headgear?  Seems to me any religious
 symbols on police officers undermines their authority and community
 relations.

 
 Paul Finkelman
 President William McKinley Distinguished Professor of Law
 Albany Law School
 80 New Scotland Avenue
 Albany, NY 12208

 518-445-3386 (p)
 518-445-3363 (f)

 pf...@albanylaw.edu

 www.paulfinkelman.com

 --- On Wed, 4/8/09, David Cruz dc...@law.usc.edu wrote:

 From: David Cruz dc...@law.usc.edu
 Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear
 Religious Scarf
 To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu,
 paul.finkel...@yahoo.com
 Date: Wednesday, April 8, 2009, 11:24 AM

 I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting with the
 complaint that a rule against wearing *religious* symbols or attire was
 not a neutral law of general applicability and thus should receive
 strict scrutiny under the federal Free Exercise Clause.

 David B. Cruz
 Professor of Law
 University of Southern California Gould School of Law
 699 Exposition Blvd.
 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
 U.S.A.

 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
 To: Religionlaw
 Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear
 Religious Scarf

 A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has lost her
 court
 battle to wear a religious head scarf on the job now that the 3rd U.S.
 Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the department to
 accommodate her would compromise the city's interest in maintaining
 religious neutrality in its police force.

 http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190
 ___
 To post, send message to Religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu
 To subscribe, unsubscribe, change options, or get password, see
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 private.  Anyone can subscribe to the list and read messages that are
 posted; people can read the Web archives; and list members can (rightly or
 wrongly) forward the messages to others.


 ___
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RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to WearReligiousScarf

2009-04-08 Thread David Cruz
Upon slower reading of the Court's opinion, I think Eugene is right
here.  Question (or bafflement) withdrawn, and apologies for taking up
bandwidth.

David B. Cruz
Professor of Law
University of Southern California Gould School of Law
699 Exposition Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
U.S.A.


-Original Message-
From: religionlaw-bounces+dcruz=law.usc@lists.ucla.edu
[mailto:religionlaw-bounces+dcruz=law.usc@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf
Of Volokh, Eugene
Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 9:16 AM
To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics
Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to
WearReligiousScarf

Is the rule really against wearing religious attire?  I couldn't
quickly find Police Department Directive 78 -- the relevant rule --
online, but as I understand it, it sets forth a specific uniform, and
all deviations from the uniform are prohibited, whether they are
religious or otherwise.  I doubt, for instance, that the department
would allow the wearing of political buttons, or ethnic symbols, or just
the officer's favorite hat.  Or am I missing something?

Eugene

 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu 
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of David Cruz
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 8:24 AM
 To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics
 Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid 
 to Wear ReligiousScarf
 
 I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting 
 with the complaint that a rule against wearing *religious* 
 symbols or attire was not a neutral law of general 
 applicability and thus should receive strict scrutiny under 
 the federal Free Exercise Clause.
 
 David B. Cruz
 Professor of Law
 University of Southern California Gould School of Law
 699 Exposition Blvd.
 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
 U.S.A.
 
 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
 To: Religionlaw
 Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to 
 Wear Religious Scarf
 
 A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has 
 lost her court battle to wear a religious head scarf on the 
 job now that the 3rd U.S.
 Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the 
 department to accommodate her would compromise the city's 
 interest in maintaining religious neutrality in its police force.
 
 http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190
 ___
 To post, send message to Religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu To 
 subscribe, unsubscribe, change options, or get password, see 
 http://lists.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/religionlaw
 
 Please note that messages sent to this large list cannot be 
 viewed as private.  Anyone can subscribe to the list and read 
 messages that are posted; people can read the Web archives; 
 and list members can (rightly or wrongly) forward the 
 messages to others.
 
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RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear ReligiousScarf

2009-04-08 Thread Christopher Lund
I was confused about this too. The 3rd Circuit opinion makes it sound as
if Directive #78 was religion-neutral.  But the district court opinion
was a little more unclear.  Judge Bartle made statements like,
Philadelphia Police Directive 78 bars the wearing of religious dress or
symbols under all circumstances when a police officer is in uniform. 
That sounded to me like an explicit ban on religious attire.
 
So I looked at the Directive 78 that Dave Sidhu sent.  That does not
single religious gear out specifically.  It does have certain
exceptions, such as for jewelry (wedding rings, class rings, id
bracelets, small post earrings for women only).  And relating to what
Professor Finkleman said before, there's actually an allowance for
scarves if they are black or navy blue, and captains and above may
wear white scarves.  Perhaps a khimar can fit in there.
 
Best,
Chris
 
__
Christopher C. Lund
Assistant Professor of Law
Mississippi College School of Law
151 E. Griffith St.
Jackson, MS  39201
(601) 925-7141 (office)
(601) 925-7113 (fax)
Papers: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=363402

 
 vol...@law.ucla.edu 4/8/2009 11:16 AM 

Is the rule really against wearing religious attire?  I couldn't
quickly find Police Department Directive 78 -- the relevant rule --
online, but as I understand it, it sets forth a specific uniform, and
all deviations from the uniform are prohibited, whether they are
religious or otherwise.  I doubt, for instance, that the department
would allow the wearing of political buttons, or ethnic symbols, or
just
the officer's favorite hat.  Or am I missing something?

Eugene

 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu 
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of David Cruz
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 8:24 AM
 To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics
 Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid 
 to Wear ReligiousScarf
 
 I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting 
 with the complaint that a rule against wearing *religious* 
 symbols or attire was not a neutral law of general 
 applicability and thus should receive strict scrutiny under 
 the federal Free Exercise Clause.
 
 David B. Cruz
 Professor of Law
 University of Southern California Gould School of Law
 699 Exposition Blvd.
 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
 U.S.A.
 
 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu 
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
 To: Religionlaw
 Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to 
 Wear Religious Scarf
 
 A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has 
 lost her court battle to wear a religious head scarf on the 
 job now that the 3rd U.S.
 Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the 
 department to accommodate her would compromise the city's 
 interest in maintaining religious neutrality in its police force.
 
 http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190 
 ___
 To post, send message to Religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu To 
 subscribe, unsubscribe, change options, or get password, see 
 http://lists.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/religionlaw 
 
 Please note that messages sent to this large list cannot be 
 viewed as private.  Anyone can subscribe to the list and read 
 messages that are posted; people can read the Web archives; 
 and list members can (rightly or wrongly) forward the 
 messages to others.
 
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RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear Religious Scarf

2009-04-08 Thread Christopher Lund
Say that Directive #78 had a ban on specifically religious attire.  (That sort 
of classification does happen.  Pennsylvania, like some other states, has a 
statute that forbids public school teachers from wearing religious garb * a 
statute that both the district and appellate court mention in Webb for 
support.)  
 
As per what Professor Cruz said earlier, is there widespread agreement that 
this rule would be invalid under the Smith/Lukumi Free Exercise Clause? 
 
I certainly think so.  But I have a hard time reconciling this with Cooper v. 
Eugene Sch. Dist., 480 U.S. 942 (1987), where the Supreme Court dismissed a 
challenge to an Oregon statute that forbade public school teachers from wearing 
religious dress.  Does anyone know what to make of Cooper in this post-Smith 
day and age?
 
Best,
Chris
 
__
Christopher C. Lund
Assistant Professor of Law
Mississippi College School of Law
151 E. Griffith St.
Jackson, MS  39201
(601) 925-7141 (office)
(601) 925-7113 (fax)
Papers: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=363402 

 dc...@law.usc.edu 4/8/2009 10:24 AM 

I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting with the
complaint that a rule against wearing *religious* symbols or attire was
not a neutral law of general applicability and thus should receive
strict scrutiny under the federal Free Exercise Clause.

David B. Cruz
Professor of Law
University of Southern California Gould School of Law
699 Exposition Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
U.S.A.

-Original Message-
From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu 
[mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
To: Religionlaw
Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear
Religious Scarf

A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has lost her
court
battle to wear a religious head scarf on the job now that the 3rd U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the department to
accommodate her would compromise the city's interest in maintaining
religious neutrality in its police force.

http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190 
___
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Anyone can subscribe to the list and read messages that are posted; people can 
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RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear ReligiousScarf

2009-04-08 Thread Eric Rassbach

This case was poorly litigated.  No constitutional claims were raised until the 
appeal, so the only thing before the court was a Title VII religious 
discrimination claim, which means that the claim was examined under the undue 
hardship standard rather than strict scrutiny.  (The City admitted that it had 
not provided a reasonable accommodation.)  Apparently the plaintiff failed to 
controvert the City's testimony regarding undue hardship, and the allowed 
scarves issue was not before the Court of Appeals because the plaintiff had not 
raised it in the District Court (see fn.5).  The plaintiff also dropped the PA 
RFRA claim on appeal. 

It's a shame that it was bungled so badly, since the real issues at the core of 
this dispute are worth a court's attention. 


From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu [religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] 
On Behalf Of Douglas Laycock [layco...@umich.edu]
Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 7:11 PM
To: religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu
Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to Wear 
ReligiousScarf

This case appears to have just become outrageous. She can wear a scarf but not 
this scarf?  Or not for this reason?  Or not if she's a Muslim?  What rule, 
or what interpretation, did she violate?

Quoting Christopher Lund l...@mc.edu:

 I was confused about this too. The 3rd Circuit opinion makes it sound as
 if Directive #78 was religion-neutral.  But the district court opinion
 was a little more unclear.  Judge Bartle made statements like,
 Philadelphia Police Directive 78 bars the wearing of religious dress or
 symbols under all circumstances when a police officer is in uniform.
 That sounded to me like an explicit ban on religious attire.

 So I looked at the Directive 78 that Dave Sidhu sent.  That does not
 single religious gear out specifically.  It does have certain
 exceptions, such as for jewelry (wedding rings, class rings, id
 bracelets, small post earrings for women only).  And relating to what
 Professor Finkleman said before, there's actually an allowance for
 scarves if they are black or navy blue, and captains and above may
 wear white scarves.  Perhaps a khimar can fit in there.

 Best,
 Chris

 __
 Christopher C. Lund
 Assistant Professor of Law
 Mississippi College School of Law
 151 E. Griffith St.
 Jackson, MS  39201
 (601) 925-7141 (office)
 (601) 925-7113 (fax)
 Papers: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=363402


 vol...@law.ucla.edu 4/8/2009 11:16 AM 

 Is the rule really against wearing religious attire?  I couldn't
 quickly find Police Department Directive 78 -- the relevant rule --
 online, but as I understand it, it sets forth a specific uniform, and
 all deviations from the uniform are prohibited, whether they are
 religious or otherwise.  I doubt, for instance, that the department
 would allow the wearing of political buttons, or ethnic symbols, or
 just
 the officer's favorite hat.  Or am I missing something?

 Eugene

 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of David Cruz
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 8:24 AM
 To: Law  Religion issues for Law Academics
 Subject: RE: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid
 to Wear ReligiousScarf

 I don't understand why counsel would not have argued starting
 with the complaint that a rule against wearing *religious*
 symbols or attire was not a neutral law of general
 applicability and thus should receive strict scrutiny under
 the federal Free Exercise Clause.

 David B. Cruz
 Professor of Law
 University of Southern California Gould School of Law
 699 Exposition Blvd.
 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071
 U.S.A.

 -Original Message-
 From: religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu
 [mailto:religionlaw-boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Joel Sogol
 Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 2:05 AM
 To: Religionlaw
 Subject: Law.com - 3rd Circuit Rejects Muslim Cop's Bid to
 Wear Religious Scarf

 A Muslim woman who works as a Philadelphia police officer has
 lost her court battle to wear a religious head scarf on the
 job now that the 3rd U.S.
 Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that forcing the
 department to accommodate her would compromise the city's
 interest in maintaining religious neutrality in its police force.

 http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429736190
 ___
 To post, send message to Religionlaw@lists.ucla.edu To
 subscribe, unsubscribe, change options, or get password, see
 http://lists.ucla.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/religionlaw

 Please note that messages sent to this large list cannot be
 viewed as private.  Anyone can subscribe to the list and read
 messages that are posted; people can read the Web archives;
 and list members can (rightly or wrongly) forward the
 messages to others.

 ___
 To post, send message to 

RE: Impact of same-sex marriage rulings on strict scrutiny inreligious exemption cases

2009-04-08 Thread Roger Severino









Art, I am curious to know why you think same-sex marriage states will not 
(ever?) impose new regulations on the power of clergy to solemnize civil 
marriages.  As for the religious liberty interests at stake, it is again, not a 
question of direct coercion, but of whether religious institutions that remain 
true to their religious identity will be allowed to retain a robust role in 
public life when that identity conflicts with the priorities or preferences of 
the state.  Religious solemnization of civil marriage is just one manifestation 
of this issue--partnerships with religious institutions and government in the 
provision of social services (like adoption or marriage counseling) is another, 
and the list goes on.  Another concern I had in mind was the fact that if the 
state does move to strip clergy of their solemnization power, it may do so 
selectively.  That is, only certain houses of worship would literally get the 
state seal of approval to solemnize marriages while others would not and the 
state's choice of winners and losers will turn precisely on each religious 
institutions' theology of marriage.-Roger Severino  
(Disclaimer: all opinions expressed are mine alone)


In a message dated 4/7/09 11:11:32 PM, rseveri...@hotmail.com writes:



what is to stop Iowa from stripping
dissenting religious institutions, and only such institutions, of the power to
solemnize *civil* marriages? 





That seems unlikely to me, but what if it does -- how does that deprive a
religious institution of its *religious* liberty?






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