RE: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
Joe, Your screen shots actually prove my point. Both of the pass plots reveal that your duplexer's pass response is far from optimum, which is precisely the reason for selecting the proper duplexer model to tune. If your duplexer was originally designed for operation in the 440-450 MHz band, the peak of the pass plots and the nadir of the notch plots would be exactly 5 MHz apart. Your TX pass plot shows that the peak is about 900 kHz to the left of your desired frequency, and your RX pass plot shows that the peak is off-scale to the right- considerably more than a MHz away from the desired frequency. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com [mailto:repeater-buil...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Friday, February 05, 2010 6:55 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Eric, I tuned up a 633-6A from a GR-300 recently and got some respectable results. Pass frequency loss was around -1.5dB and notch loss was around -85 to -90dB. I've attached the sweeps. 73, Joe, K1ike Eric Lemmon wrote: Paul, The Motorola TDE7780A duplexer is simply a relabeled Celwave 633-6A-2N unit, and it is designed for 450-470 MHz. It is the standard duplexer furnished in GR300, GR1225, RKR1225, and CDR700 repeaters. The duplexer is okay for non-critical use at low-density RF sites, such as at construction sites. The compact mobile notch design has very little bandpass action, since its operation is based solely upon the notch. I have tried to tune such duplexers down into the Amateur 70cm band, with little success. snip
Re: [Repeater-Builder] DB-4072 duplexers
I tuned one at one time on 447.05/442.05 and it worked well. Don't remember the rejection numbers though. Gary - K7NEY On 2/5/2010 9:52 PM, James Adkins wrote: Wondering if anyone knows if the 6-cavity set of DB-4072's made for 450-470 MHz will go down to 444.425 MHz / 449.425 MHz? I know the specs say only down to 450, looking for anyone that's tuned these in the real world and how low you've tuned them. Thanks, -- James Adkins, KB0NHX
[Repeater-Builder] NewBy
Hi Iam a new user to the group. My name is Steve licenced radio amateur M1SWB and I live in Liverpool UK. Main interests are building repeaters and fixing them :-) Iam currently building a 6mtr unit and need a Procom DPF 6/6 HX-150 duplexer, so if anyone has such a beast for sale, please contact me. 73 Steve
[Repeater-Builder] Master 2 and DCS
hi all my master 2 repeater has a tone of 141.3 hz. i remember that when i programm my Phoenix i can setup a DCS tone ,Digital code. Is there a board that you slot into the Master 2 so it could use a DCS ? thanks Gervais ve2ckn
[Repeater-Builder] Re: Space-saving 6m repeater antenna?
Hi Stranger, rfburnz rfpo...@... wrote: Having used the DB-212 for a 6M repeater project, I can assure you they work extremely well (unless you are on a rf noisy hilltop like I was (emphasize WAS!) I measured about 11 dB of 53MHz desense at what I believe is the site you're talking about, which is better than the measured 13dB desense down at 42MHz. Although it's not great, it is quite usable. Let's put your six meter box back on the air... or do your ten meter box... This is because they have more metal hanging out there to capture signals (half wave) but more important they are a side mtd antenna withe a cardioid pattern. I'm a strong believer in having more antenna real estate to improve what I informally call the available antenna surface area target, which gets even more important as the frequency gets into the UHF band (rises). A side mounted antenna will probably never be a true omni pattern and the cardioid pattern can be used to null problems and/or enhance coverage areas (the obvious). Well, before someone pipes in, yes, for omnidirectional coverage you need two or four or, if you have LOTS of tower space, combine SIX of them like the 6M repeater in Nixa, MO that I posted info on recently. I'm using modified Kreco and Sinclair SD-110 Antennas. Here's a link to modification instructions on both the DB-201 and DB-212 http://www.xanaduu.com/db201/ Interesting... thanks. I just drew out the information for the 70 MHz Decibel Folded Dipole. I have to get that scanned into pdf to make it available but it will get done. OT = If someone knows where a 37 MHz DB antenna might be available please let me know, thanks W6MTF I'm letting you know... you're overdue for a visit anyway. Email me direct when you get a spare moment. skipp --- In Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com, Tyke tyke1954@ wrote: good morning Martin, Why not use a db-201 folded loop ground plane instead? It is half the length of the db-212 which needs at least 2 bays to be halfway decent. (they make em with 3 and 4 bays also. the pattern off of the 4 bay is the best for coverage. The 3 bay has too much 3 leaf clover effect). Anyhow, I have 4 of the db-201s' right now that i'm shortening for 6m. It is only about 51-52 inches total height(1/2 wave folded loop). these antennas' have no gain , but are DC grounded and will side mount Ok. Put it about 4 ft. out from the tower. It seems to me that if you are restricted on antenna space and height then it can't be a good location or have very good coverage to begin with. just my opinion!!! These antennas areplentiful. just look for old busunesses or Police , fire and city gov. locatons that used to use low-band many years ago.a j-pole for repeater use is ok too, just real long!!!
Re: [Repeater-Builder] Master 2 and DCS
There used to be an add on board from Comm Spec that could add DCS/DCG/DPL to a suitable radio. Many aftermarket repeater controllers can do DCG/DCS. DCS modulation needs to be sent into a varactor modulator stage... Direct FM exciters on Mastr II can do it native on the CTCSS port... Older Phase Modulated exciters need to be handled differently... Injecting DCS on the compensation line is a suitable possibility . The suggested discriminator pickoff for DCS is a point in the rx in front of Volume Sq Hi... so best to pick it off with a separate wire. Doug KD8B gervais wrote: hi all my master 2 repeater has a tone of 141.3 hz. i remember that when i programm my Phoenix i can setup a DCS tone ,Digital code. Is there a board that you slot into the Master 2 so it could use a DCS ? thanks Gervais ve2ckn Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Repeater-Builder/ * Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional * To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Repeater-Builder/join (Yahoo! ID required) * To change settings via email: repeater-builder-dig...@yahoogroups.com repeater-builder-fullfeatu...@yahoogroups.com * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: repeater-builder-unsubscr...@yahoogroups.com * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
Correct, but if I remember you were claiming 3dB loss at the pass frequencies. I was seeing about 1.5dB loss. I claimed respectable results, not perfect results. I think it is still acceptable for ham use. Everything is a compromise when you push the equipment past it's limits, but the typical ham is frugal (aka me) and accepts a little degradation for economy. 73, Joe, K1ike Another parsimonious Yankee ham. 73, Joe, K1ike Eric Lemmon wrote: Joe, Your screen shots actually prove my point. Both of the pass plots reveal that your duplexer's pass response is far from optimum, which is precisely the reason for selecting the proper duplexer model to tune. If your duplexer was originally designed for operation in the 440-450 MHz band, the peak of the pass plots and the nadir of the notch plots would be exactly 5 MHz apart. Your TX pass plot shows that the peak is about 900 kHz to the left of your desired frequency, and your RX pass plot shows that the peak is off-scale to the right- considerably more than a MHz away from the desired frequency. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com [mailto:repeater-buil...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Friday, February 05, 2010 6:55 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Eric, I tuned up a 633-6A from a GR-300 recently and got some respectable results. Pass frequency loss was around -1.5dB and notch loss was around -85 to -90dB. I've attached the sweeps. 73, Joe, K1ike Eric Lemmon wrote: Paul, The Motorola TDE7780A duplexer is simply a relabeled Celwave 633-6A-2N unit, and it is designed for 450-470 MHz. It is the standard duplexer furnished in GR300, GR1225, RKR1225, and CDR700 repeaters. The duplexer is okay for non-critical use at low-density RF sites, such as at construction sites. The compact mobile notch design has very little bandpass action, since its operation is based solely upon the notch. I have tried to tune such duplexers down into the Amateur 70cm band, with little success. snip Yahoo! Groups Links
[Repeater-Builder] PURC Lowband station SCR replacement
Just a long shot We are repairing a PURC high power base station that uses an SCR marked 9349 for switching a bias voltage. Anyone know of a source or replacement for the Motorola 9349 SCR? Thanks, Joe
[Repeater-Builder] TM-g707 power
I searched the files but did not see what I needed. Is there a pot/mod in the g707a to turn the med-power level up to 20-25watts or turn the hi-power setting down to 20-25 watts Have found nothing on the internet searching for mods fer this rig. Not sure just how warm the rig gets using it as a remote base. The fan helps I know, but 50 watts on hi-power is pretty much fer continous duty at times. Thanks, Dennis no5c
[Repeater-Builder] Re: PURC Lowband station SCR replacement
Teccor http://www.littelfuse.com/products/Acquired+Brand/Teccor/search.html s. Joe k1ike_m...@... wrote: Just a long shot We are repairing a PURC high power base station that uses an SCR marked 9349 for switching a bias voltage. Anyone know of a source or replacement for the Motorola 9349 SCR? Thanks, Joe
Re: [Repeater-Builder] Master 2 and DCS
humm Doug i thaught it would simpler for me too install this board,,, i wonder if the little TKR-720 of Kenwood can do DCS??? Thanks for your observation gervais ve2ckn -- From: Doug Bade k...@thebades.net Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 3:04 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Master 2 and DCS There used to be an add on board from Comm Spec that could add DCS/DCG/DPL to a suitable radio. Many aftermarket repeater controllers can do DCG/DCS. DCS modulation needs to be sent into a varactor modulator stage... Direct FM exciters on Mastr II can do it native on the CTCSS port... Older Phase Modulated exciters need to be handled differently... Injecting DCS on the compensation line is a suitable possibility . The suggested discriminator pickoff for DCS is a point in the rx in front of Volume Sq Hi... so best to pick it off with a separate wire. Doug KD8B gervais wrote: hi all my master 2 repeater has a tone of 141.3 hz. i remember that when i programm my Phoenix i can setup a DCS tone ,Digital code. Is there a board that you slot into the Master 2 so it could use a DCS ? thanks Gervais ve2ckn Yahoo! Groups Links Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Repeater-Builder/ * Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional * To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Repeater-Builder/join (Yahoo! ID required) * To change settings via email: repeater-builder-dig...@yahoogroups.com repeater-builder-fullfeatu...@yahoogroups.com * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: repeater-builder-unsubscr...@yahoogroups.com * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[Repeater-Builder] second radio to MASTR II base
Can one hook a second transeiver to a MII repeater without a controller. I dont care if it is active all the time. I just want to know how to hook one up to the back plane. I also have the SQ operated relay installed.
RE: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
Point taken. One factor that will directly affect how the subject duplexer will perform at 70cm is where the original factory tuning was. For example, if the factory tuning was in the 450-455 MHz band, such a duplexer will likely perform better at 70cm than will a duplexer that originally was factory-tuned for the 460-465 MHz band. The results I quoted were for a duplexer in the latter class. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com [mailto:repeater-buil...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 2:59 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Correct, but if I remember you were claiming 3dB loss at the pass frequencies. I was seeing about 1.5dB loss. I claimed respectable results, not perfect results. I think it is still acceptable for ham use. Everything is a compromise when you push the equipment past its limits, but the typical ham is frugal (aka me) and accepts a little degradation for economy. 73, Joe, K1ike Another parsimonious Yankee ham. 73, Joe, K1ike Eric Lemmon wrote: Joe, Your screen shots actually prove my point. Both of the pass plots reveal that your duplexer's pass response is far from optimum, which is precisely the reason for selecting the proper duplexer model to tune. If your duplexer was originally designed for operation in the 440-450 MHz band, the peak of the pass plots and the nadir of the notch plots would be exactly 5 MHz apart. Your TX pass plot shows that the peak is about 900 kHz to the left of your desired frequency, and your RX pass plot shows that the peak is off-scale to the right- considerably more than a MHz away from the desired frequency. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com [mailto:Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com ] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Friday, February 05, 2010 6:55 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Eric, I tuned up a 633-6A from a GR-300 recently and got some respectable results. Pass frequency loss was around -1.5dB and notch loss was around -85 to -90dB. I've attached the sweeps. 73, Joe, K1ike Eric Lemmon wrote: Paul, The Motorola TDE7780A duplexer is simply a relabeled Celwave 633-6A-2N unit, and it is designed for 450-470 MHz. It is the standard duplexer furnished in GR300, GR1225, RKR1225, and CDR700 repeaters. The duplexer is okay for non-critical use at low-density RF sites, such as at construction sites. The compact mobile notch design has very little bandpass action, since its operation is based solely upon the notch. I have tried to tune such duplexers down into the Amateur 70cm band, with little success. snip Yahoo! Groups Links
Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
I wonder what they do to the internal coupling at the factory when they tune them. Maybe it is something that can be done in the field with a little surgery? Joe Eric Lemmon wrote: Point taken. One factor that will directly affect how the subject duplexer will perform at 70cm is where the original factory tuning was. For example, if the factory tuning was in the 450-455 MHz band, such a duplexer will likely perform better at 70cm than will a duplexer that originally was factory-tuned for the 460-465 MHz band. The results I quoted were for a duplexer in the latter class. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com [mailto:repeater-buil...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 2:59 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Correct, but if I remember you were claiming 3dB loss at the pass frequencies. I was seeing about 1.5dB loss. I claimed respectable results, not perfect results. I think it is still acceptable for ham use. Everything is a compromise when you push the equipment past its limits, but the typical ham is frugal (aka me) and accepts a little degradation for economy. 73, Joe, K1ike Another parsimonious Yankee ham. 73, Joe, K1ike
RE: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
I've disassembled and compared the ham-split PD633-6A-1N and regular 450-470 PD633-6A-2N. The resonators are identical; they're the same length. The difference is where they are tapped - the low-split model is tapped about 1/4 further up the resonator than the 460 MHz version. The semi-rigid interconnect cables are slightly longer on the low-split model as you might expect. I took pictures and started writing it up as an article but never finished... --- Jeff WN3A -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com [mailto:repeater-buil...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 9:45 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A I wonder what they do to the internal coupling at the factory when they tune them. Maybe it is something that can be done in the field with a little surgery? Joe Eric Lemmon wrote: Point taken. One factor that will directly affect how the subject duplexer will perform at 70cm is where the original factory tuning was. For example, if the factory tuning was in the 450-455 MHz band, such a duplexer will likely perform better at 70cm than will a duplexer that originally was factory-tuned for the 460-465 MHz band. The results I quoted were for a duplexer in the latter class. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com [mailto:Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com ] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 2:59 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Correct, but if I remember you were claiming 3dB loss at the pass frequencies. I was seeing about 1.5dB loss. I claimed respectable results, not perfect results. I think it is still acceptable for ham use. Everything is a compromise when you push the equipment past its limits, but the typical ham is frugal (aka me) and accepts a little degradation for economy. 73, Joe, K1ike Another parsimonious Yankee ham. 73, Joe, K1ike No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.435 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/2640 - Release Date: 02/06/10 07:35:00
RE: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
Oh, forgot to mention. If you turn your unit upside-down, you should see rubber plugs near the fed ends of each resonator. You can fine-tweak the taps through these holes. It's pretty easy to break a wire, so I wouldn't recommend you go in there and start twistin' and tweakin' with any significant amount of force. Adjusting the distance of the tap wire (center conductor) from the resonator will have a small, but measurable, effect on insertion loss and return loss. 3MB JPEG of a disassembled PD633: http://www.broadsci.com/foo/IMG_6010.jpg 3MB JPEG showing what happens when you mis-tune or over-power one of these duplexers (capacitive loading slug and teflon insulator fried) - they are NOT very forgiving: http://www.broadsci.com/foo/IMG_6031.jpg --- Jeff WN3A -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com [mailto:repeater-buil...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Jeff DePolo Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 10:55 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Subject: RE: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A I've disassembled and compared the ham-split PD633-6A-1N and regular 450-470 PD633-6A-2N. The resonators are identical; they're the same length. The difference is where they are tapped - the low-split model is tapped about 1/4 further up the resonator than the 460 MHz version. The semi-rigid interconnect cables are slightly longer on the low-split model as you might expect. I took pictures and started writing it up as an article but never finished... --- Jeff WN3A -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com [mailto:Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com ] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 9:45 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A I wonder what they do to the internal coupling at the factory when they tune them. Maybe it is something that can be done in the field with a little surgery? Joe Eric Lemmon wrote: Point taken. One factor that will directly affect how the subject duplexer will perform at 70cm is where the original factory tuning was. For example, if the factory tuning was in the 450-455 MHz band, such a duplexer will likely perform better at 70cm than will a duplexer that originally was factory-tuned for the 460-465 MHz band. The results I quoted were for a duplexer in the latter class. 73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com [mailto:Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com ] On Behalf Of Joe Sent: Saturday, February 06, 2010 2:59 PM To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com mailto:Repeater-Builder%40yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A Correct, but if I remember you were claiming 3dB loss at the pass frequencies. I was seeing about 1.5dB loss. I claimed respectable results, not perfect results. I think it is still acceptable for ham use. Everything is a compromise when you push the equipment past its limits, but the typical ham is frugal (aka me) and accepts a little degradation for economy. 73, Joe, K1ike Another parsimonious Yankee ham. 73, Joe, K1ike No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.435 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/2640 - Release Date: 02/06/10 07:35:00 No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.435 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/2640 - Release Date: 02/06/10 07:35:00
Re: [Repeater-Builder] PURC Lowband station SCR replacement
Joe, The M9349 is an RCA 2N3525. AC --- On Sat, 2/6/10, Joe k1ike_m...@snet.net wrote: From: Joe k1ike_m...@snet.net Subject: [Repeater-Builder] PURC Lowband station SCR replacement To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com Date: Saturday, February 6, 2010, 5:07 PM Just a long shot We are repairing a PURC high power base station that uses an SCR marked 9349 for switching a bias voltage. Anyone know of a source or replacement for the Motorola 9349 SCR? Thanks, Joe
RE: [Repeater-Builder] RFS TDE-7780A
At 2/6/2010 20:08, you wrote: Oh, forgot to mention. If you turn your unit upside-down, you should see rubber plugs near the fed ends of each resonator. You can fine-tweak the taps through these holes. It's pretty easy to break a wire, so I wouldn't recommend you go in there and start twistin' and tweakin' with any significant amount of force. Adjusting the distance of the tap wire (center conductor) from the resonator will have a small, but measurable, effect on insertion loss and return loss. 3MB JPEG of a disassembled PD633: http://www.broadsci.com/foo/IMG_6010.jpg Never completely disassembled one, so nice to see what's inside - thanks for posting the nice pic. 3MB JPEG showing what happens when you mis-tune or over-power one of these duplexers (capacitive loading slug and teflon insulator fried) - they are NOT very forgiving: http://www.broadsci.com/foo/IMG_6031.jpg Let me guess: this was removed from the resonator nearest to the TX port. I did this to one years ago, though the damage was not as dramatic. We were increasing the power beyond 50 watts saw something happen at about 80 watts, so we shut down took it out of service immediately. The teflon insulator had arced through the longer thin section looked a lot like the one in your picture, maybe not quite as much charring visible. Fortunately the tuning slug was not damaged. I ended up cleaning out the insulator the best I could swapping it with the one in the TX resonator closest to the antenna port. Most mobile duplexers are rated for 50 watts max. TX power. That rating is quite accurate. Bob NO6B
RE: [Repeater-Builder] NewBy
Welcome, Steve! You'll find this list is a wealth of information when you decide to build a repeater, or for most other discussions of technical nature. Great bunch of guys here! 73 de Mark - N9WYS -Original Message- From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com On Behalf Of bainbridge_steve Hi Iam a new user to the group. My name is Steve licenced radio amateur M1SWB and I live in Liverpool UK. Main interests are building repeaters and fixing them :-) Iam currently building a 6mtr unit and need a Procom DPF 6/6 HX-150 duplexer, so if anyone has such a beast for sale, please contact me. 73 Steve
Re: [Repeater-Builder] second radio to MASTR II base
At 04:39 PM 02/06/10, you wrote: Can one hook a second transeiver to a MII repeater without a controller. I dont care if it is active all the time. I just want to know how to hook one up to the back plane. I also have the SQ operated relay installed. What exactly do you want to do? Two receivers? Two transmitters? One having priority over the other? Mix the receivers, have both transmitters on at the same time, or what? You requirements will determine if you can scratch your itch with the functionality that is in the basic radio. Mike