It depends what you mean by farming. So-called conventional
farming - industrialised farming - is fossil-fuel intensive,
economically expensive, and the ecological costs are externalised.
They can be and have been costed.
By costed I meant included in the price.
Because infrastructure is paid for
Where are you Jeff?
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I don't want to get in this loop, far too entertaining, but: In Queensland's
brigalow (nitrogen fixer)belt Farmers clear, and burn, say 100 acres then
cultivate wheat for a couple of seasons, often to replace harvesters or
other capital equipment. After a few seasons the water retention and
In Oz farming is on the nose and considered by some environmental groups as
the industry that should be eliminated ASAP because of its impact.
Environmental costs of farming are no more costed than those of any other
industry. If mineral fuel sources are replaced by renewable combustion then
the
You have removed calorific value of the farm product. At present (6
billion)we are capable of sufficient overproduction to wear that, but at 18
billion (2050?)we would not, try 50 billion people. The projections that
show population leveling off and then decreasing require that a minimum
global
Mothers milk. No matter how you say it to decrease rate of increase and
ultimately the rate of usage, you need to make it more expensive in terms of
disposable income of the major user groups. This has the effect of making
fuel unavailable to the poor while increasing the flow on costs of most
Ken! Whether you dig it,grow it or catch it as sunlight. If there is an
exponential increase in the rate of use of energy it would need to come from
an infinite source at a potentially infinite rate, to be sustainable.
There is an absolute limit to Cultivatable land, one we reached at least 30
As I recall I used to use coconut juice as an enzyme source for plant tissue
culture when I was mericloning rare plants. The nutritional value is
probably what keeps the populations as healthy as they are.-Drink it.
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Excellent assessment! Works for First world pensioners too.
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I have some info on the FA comp of Coconut oil compared with palm and
canola.
Firstly the FA comp varies with the variety and the season in all species.
Coco nut is mainly:
Lauric 46.2% C12:0,(no double bonds)
Miristic 18.6% C14:0,
Palmitic 10.3% C16:0,
Stearic 13.1% C18:0.
Palm (there are
You are right of course, the trick is in knowing what to teach. I'm not
convinced that this generation has the mechanism or even the will to address
wealth distribution. That mankind will persist I have no real doubt, the
issue then becomes the continued existence of species other than the slave
I share your concerns about Coconut oil used unmodified as fuel, the problem
in the South Pacific though is the convoluted means of import of anything
even alcohol and Caustic soda. I'm not real keen on setting up high yield
stills in villages having seen the mess alcohol can make in Paradise.
Earth Summit 2002 should be interesting if, as I have suggested, some NGO's
in developed countries have polarised the Rio Declaration by concentrating
on Cleaning the environment without attempting to better distribute wealth
and eliminate poverty. I see this as too much like the Feudal system
Clean oil is great! The bits you mention are there for flavour.
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Some Oz conservationists are opposed to any energy source that produces CO2
regardless of the source. When you add hydro and nuclear to that, high yield
energy become a problem.
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I would expect that used oil had shorter chains since it is discarded when
it fails to get hot enough to cook at the smoke point. Some oils (coconut)
produce shorter chain esters. shouldn't be a problem in Queensland.
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Homogenizing the alcohol, catalyst and oil may be the limiting factor, in
that case using a solvent that dissolves both the alcohol and the oil would
have the potential to vastly accelerate the process. They are not clear on
the final part of the reaction but I would guess that an additive that
Now that is worth knowing!!
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I read a paper from a link here that suggested that the degree of initial
homogenisation of alcohol, catalyst and oil was a(the?) limiting factor in
yield, or are we talking separation failure here?
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Now you have made me think!!
Naturally I don't mean to support the global free trade push, rather I
support regulation at the national level, but it is the mechanism of that
regulation I am struggling to identify.
I like your point about real capitalism as opposed to the corporate way.
Was the PH down after washing?
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In retirement I edit PHD thesis for pocket money, I've probably learnt more
this way than any other. One thing I have learnt:
Whatever method they use, any of us should be able to duplicate the results
by following the procedure as reported, all else is BS. Harry
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In a previous posting I insist that an empirical trial that can be
replicated by others using the original method described is necessary for
the credibility of technical claims. This is what most of us are doing with
bio diesel production, having replicated the results of others we extend the
Hi Hanns,
I would be very interested in that paper on coconut oil. If we go commercial
here (a long way off) I would like to have some of our past students from
the Pacific export coco esters to us to produce a winter grade of biodiesel.
The income stream would be good for all concerned.
From
P.S. My comment on reorganisation of molecules could be taken a little
seriously if there is a possibility of induced or real polarity of the
molecules concerned, instead of placing the other magnet opposite the first
try it in line to effectively lengthen the lines of force parallel to the
fuel
Paul, a filled reflux column will achieve a vapor separation, by managing
the temperature at the top of the column the lowest boiling point substance
may be extracted as a vapor for recovery in the condenser. By raising the
temperature, sequential separation of a volatile mixture is possible.
Paul my next batch will be with cotton seed oil. I intend to use the
twostage with KOH rather than NaOH. The best I can do with NaOH seems to be
80-85% pure, I suspect that leaves too much water to avoid soaps. I'll take
your advice and wash and dry it. I'll let you know how it goes. The oil
Thanks for those references Keith, they will be very useful.
I am in an unstable phase in regards to my position on Ecological
Sustainability and population. If we are in fact in denial and
consequentially get it wrong we and the rest of biodiversity may only
survive in pockets, despite what WE
As I understand it NaOH always contains water and KOH does not.
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The bugs in the stomachs of ruminants and termites digest cellulose (waste
paper and stubble) to sugars that can be fermented. The reason draft horses
are inefficient is that they require too much land to grow their fuel
(food), even for on farm energy existing waste products need to be used. Any
Methanol is extremely soluble but a reflux condenser should give a good
yield. Beyond that the methods cited for drying ethanol should apply.
Harry in Oz.
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