Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
Your suggestion sounds great, however I have no idea how to do that. I have Lye and PH papers and Phenolphthalein, can I use these items to check it? -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Appal Energy Sent: Saturday, October 22, 2005 9:36 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH Most KOH is in the proximity of 90-92%. The suggestion would be to titrate, adjust for approximately a 10% purity loss, then conduct a bracket titration to see how close your calculations are to reality. Use the process as a calibration for the balance of the bag's contents. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a 50# bag of KOH and have no idea what the purity is. Is there any way to tell how much of this KOH to use or what the purity is? I get a really good buy on it from a local soap making company. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] A new website
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Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
See Basic Titration at http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#titrate See Better Titration at http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#titrate See More About Lye (and KOH) at http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#lye and in general see http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html and http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html Your suggestion sounds great, however I have no idea how to do that. I have Lye and PH papers and Phenolphthalein, can I use these items to check it? -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Appal Energy Sent: Saturday, October 22, 2005 9:36 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH Most KOH is in the proximity of 90-92%. The suggestion would be to titrate, adjust for approximately a 10% purity loss, then conduct a bracket titration to see how close your calculations are to reality. Use the process as a calibration for the balance of the bag's contents. [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I have a 50# bag of KOH and have no idea what the purity is. Is there any way to tell how much of this KOH to use or what the purity is? I get a really good buy on it from a local soap making company. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] noryl impellers
Chris, I don't think that noryl will hold up. My company had a problem with esterized hydrocarbons (in the form of machine oil) attack a mechanical shaft made with noryl in one of our aircraft instruments. After a few months the oil weakened the noryl to the point that it fractured. We had to repair half our altimeters at our expense. We found that cleaning the machine oil off of the metal part of the shaft before mating it with the noryl part eliminated the problem. Oops. There are plastics that will hold up in fuel. We are using glass-filled PPS (don't remember what is stands for offhand), and ULTEM in one of our aicraft fuel probe designs (JP-8 resistant). You may be able to find other impellers made from these materials. Earl Kinsley [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible government, to befoul the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmen of today. - President Theodore Roosevelt - 1906 - Original Message - From: Chris Tan [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Sent: Sunday, October 16, 2005 3:27 PM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] noryl impellers Keith and Everyone: Have any of you tried a clear water pump with noryl plastic impellers? Will esters dissolve noryl plastics? Thanks. Best regards, Chris ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel
I wonder about the invasiveness of miscanthus. Other varieties of Miscanthus have been grown successfully in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio. However, the giant Miscanthus being grown by the Illinois researchers has the greatest potential as a fuel source because of its high yields and because it is sterile and cannot become a weed, Heaton said. Miscanthus sacchariflorus and some of the other fertile Miscanthus species can be quite invasive, she said. At a research station near Hornum, Denmark, giant Miscanthus has been grown for 22 years in Europes longest-running experimental field. The crop has never been invasive and rhizome spread has been no more than 1.5 meters (4.92 feet), said Uffe Jorgensen, senior scientist for the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Hybrid Grass Shows Strong Biomass Potential October 12, 2005 http://renewableenergyaccess.com Doctoral student Emily Heaton stands next to a plot of Giant Miscanthus, a hybrid grass that she and her research fellows have shown could become a valuable fuel source. Photo: Kwame Ross Champaign, Illinois [RenewableEnergyAccess.com] Ethanol and biodiesel are the biofuel favorites in the US right now but new research is suggesting some new contenders may be on the way. Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), a hybrid grass that can grow 13 feet high, may become a valuable renewable energy as a source of solid fuel, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) say. In addition to being a clean, efficient and renewable fuel source, Miscanthus is easy to grow. Upon reaching maturity, Miscanthus has few needs as it outgrows weeds, requires little water and minimal fertilizer and thrives in untilled fields, Heaton said, where various wildlife species make their homes in the plant's leafy canopy and surrounding undisturbed soil. Stephen P. Long, professor of crop sciences and of plant biology at UIUC recently gave that message to the BA Festival of Science in Ireland, sponsored by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Here in the states, two of Long's doctoral students, Emily A. Heaton and Frank G. Dohleman, delivered their Miscanthus findings at the 49th annual Agronomy Day, held on the UIUC campus and attended by more than 1,100 visitors from across the Midwest. Forty percent of U.S. energy is used as electricity, Heaton said. The easiest way to get electricity is using a solid fuel such as coal. They have found that dry, leafless Miscanthus stems can be used as a solid fuel. The cool-weather-friendly perennial grass grows from an underground stem-like organ called a rhizome. A crop native to Asia and a relative of sugarcane, Miscanthus drops its leaves in the winter, leaving behind tall bamboo-like stems that can be harvested in spring and burned for fuel. Using a computer simulation, Heaton predicted that if just 10 percent of Illinois land mass was devoted to Miscanthus, it could provide 50 percent of Illinois' electricity needs. Using Miscanthus for energy would not necessarily reduce energy costs in the short term, Heaton said, but there would be significant savings in carbon dioxide production. Rhizomatous grasses such as Miscanthus are very clean fuels, said Dohleman, who is studying for his doctorate in plant biology. Nutrients such as nitrogen are transferred to the rhizome to be saved until the next growing season, he said. Burning Miscanthus produces only as much carbon dioxide as it removes from the air as it grows, said Heaton, who is seeking her doctorate in crop sciences. That balance means there is no net effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, which is not the case with fossil fuels, she said. Miscanthus also is a very efficient fuel, because the energy ratio of input to output is less than 0.2, Heaton said. In contrast, the ratios exceed 0.8 for ethanol and biodiesel from canola, which are other plant-derived energy sources. In addition to being a clean, efficient and renewable fuel source, Miscanthus is easy to grow. Upon reaching maturity, Miscanthus has few needs as it outgrows weeds, requires little water and minimal fertilizer and thrives in untilled fields, Heaton said, where various wildlife species make their homes in the plant's leafy canopy and surrounding undisturbed soil. Long said Illinois researchers have found that Miscanthus grown in the state has greater crop yields than in Europe, where it has been used commercially for years. Last year, Illinois researchers obtained 60 tons per hectare (2.47 acre), Long said at the BA Festival of Science. It is my hope that Illinois will take the lead in renewable energy and that the state will benefit from that lead. Full-grown plants produce 10-30 tons per acre dry weight each year. Miscanthus yields in lowland areas around the Alps, where the climate is similar to the Midwest, are at least 25 tons per acre dry weight, wrote
Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a massive area of Piñon Cedar wood and then loaded it prior to beginning our first titration of WVO. I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. Anyway, yesterday evening we finally had all of the equipment and chemicals in place. Saturday morning, I did some test runs using the TI-83 Vernier LabPro Data logger. It is the Vernier Data Logger that is the most useful of the two for our needs. It has a USB interface and the data logger software was easy enough to figure out. I started out with the stainless-steel temperature sensor as we have a decent thermometer to check against. Very nice readout on the screen and easy to understand. I then removed the pH sensor from its soaking bath bottle. We set it in tap water first and got a pH reading of 7.5, rinsed it in distilled water and gently cleaned it with a paper towel, next dipping the sensor end in fresh distilled water, pH 7. With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? WVO oil is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter is the best tool and listed first in the sentence above, why are we jumping back to phenolphthalein? If this is the preferred test, why not say so in the first sentence? Using a graduated syringe, add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop to the oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye solution until the solution stays pink (actually magenta) for 15 seconds. See above. We are using a continuous readout pH meter. What is the pH we are looking for here! Yes Keith, layered information is great, but why push it when it is unnecessary? We are jumping all over the place in order to do one simple step. Different methods are combined in the same paragraph. This could be the reason newbies are confused. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for virgin oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll need per liter of oil. Sheesh, I am sorry, but I have a question about every sentence in this basic titration. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 ?? This is sloppy writing. Are you saying add a number of milliliters to 3.5 grams? If it took 1.6 mL of lye solution then are we supposed to add 1.6 g to 3.5 g? I don't think so. How about a formula here? It would be clearer if you stated all of the proper terms, weight, volume, etc. No wonder so many questions appear on the email list about titration. With a pH meter or test strips, use the same procedure without adding the phenolphthalein. Add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop as before until the pH reaches 8.5. Duh! Why not just add this value to the sentence above to aid the newbies who are learning the procedure and keep them from jumping around. Also, please be consistent with the numbers throughout the directions. A pH of 8.5 is mentioned and then a pH of 8-9 is mentioned. This leads one to believe it does not really need to be exact. I know it is difficult for many folks to take
[Biofuel] Scientific method- Titration
Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a massive area of Piñon Cedar wood and then loaded it prior to beginning our first titration of WVO. I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. Anyway, yesterday evening we finally had most of the equipment and chemicals in place. Saturday morning, I did some test runs using the TI-83 Vernier LabPro Data logger. It is the Vernier Data Logger that is the most useful of the two for our needs. It has a USB interface and the data logger software was easy enough to figure out. I started out with the stainless-steel temperature sensor as we have a decent thermometer to check against. Very nice readout on the screen and easy to understand. I then removed the pH sensor from its soaking bath bottle. We set it in tap water first and got a pH reading of 7.5, rinsed it in distilled water and gently cleaned it with a paper towel, next dipping the sensor end in fresh distilled water, pH 7. With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? WVO oil is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter is the best tool and listed first in the sentence above, why are we jumping back to phenolphthalein? If this is the preferred test, why not say so in the first sentence? Using a graduated syringe, add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop to the oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye solution until the solution stays pink (actually magenta) for 15 seconds. See above. We are using a continuous readout pH meter. What is the pH we are looking for here! Yes Keith, layered information is great, but why push it when it is unnecessary? We are jumping all over the place in order to do one simple step. Different methods are combined in the same paragraph. This could be the reason newbies are confused. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for virgin oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll need per liter of oil. Sheesh, I am sorry, but I have a question about every sentence in this basic titration. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 ?? This is sloppy writing. Are you saying add a number of milliliters to 3.5 grams? If it took 1.6 mL of lye solution then are we supposed to add 1.6 g to 3.5 g? I don't think so. How about a formula here? It would be clearer if you stated all of the proper terms, weight, volume, etc. No wonder so many questions appear on the email list about titration. With a pH meter or test strips, use the same procedure without adding the phenolphthalein. Add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop as before until the pH reaches 8.5. Duh! Why not just add this value to the sentence above to aid the newbies who are learning the procedure and keep them from jumping around. Also, please be consistent with the numbers throughout the directions. A pH of 8.5 is mentioned and then a pH of 8-9 is mentioned. This leads one to believe it does not really need to be exact. I know it is difficult for many folks to take
[Biofuel] Daihatsu UFE-III 72km/litre
72km/litre, 1.39 L/100km, 169 mpg US, 204 mpg UK CA -- Daihatsu UFE-III : Ultra Fuel Economy http://www.daihatsu.com/motorshow/tokyo05/ufe3/index.html [click for photos] Shown at previous Tokyo Motor Shows in 2001 and 2003, this is the third generation of the UFE. Dedicated to achieving minivehicle category-leading ultra fuel economy, the UFE adopts a 3-seater package with light weight and extraordinary aerodynamic performance. Our development mission was to achieve 72km/litre*1 fuel economy. Specifications Overall length 3,395mm Overall width 1,475mm Overall height 1,200mm Wheelbase 2,170mm Kerb weight 440kg Seating capacity 3 persons Engine type TOPAZ inline 3-cylinder, direct-injection Atkinson Displacement 660cc Drive FF Tire size 115/65R16 Fuel efficient technology Overall height is lowered to 1,200mm, with sleek styling to reduce air resistance. Applying aerodynamics simulation technology, we further optimized the shape of all body parts to thoroughly minimize drag. The result is possibly the lowest*2 aerodynamic drag coefficient in the world for this class of minivehicle: 0.168, surpassing the 0.19 Cd figure of the UFE-II. Other notable efforts which enhance fuel economy are the composite polymer body and generous use of aluminum to reduce weight to 440kg, and the new 115/65R16 tires, which reduce rolling resistance. Power train For its power unit, the UFE-III uses a hybrid system comprising an engine and two electric motors. The newly developed 660cc inline 3-cylinder direct injection Atkinson engine offers an outstanding balance of output power, fuel economy, and clean emissions. The electrical generator and drive motors are of the compact, lightweight, highly efficient AC synchronous motor type. Gear shifting is accomplished by a planetary gear mechanism and electrical generator, which function as an electronically controlled continuously variable transmission. Exterior interior design The techno-futuristic body styling has a streamlined super aerodynamic shape. While its pointed LED headlamps and canopy door create a next-generation impression, the bold window styling extending to the middle of the roof and smoothly contoured body surfaces contribute to a richly expressive presence. The interior theme is high-tech with a human touch, providing comfort for three in a compact, futuristic space. Operational convenience is outstanding, thanks to steer-by-wire technology and placement of controls for easy access by the driver. To assist getting in and off, the instrument panel and front seat move up and down in linkage with the canopy door. *1: 10-15 mode Japanese emission standard, Daihatsu in-house test data. *2: As of October 2005. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Scientific method- Titration
LOL Brian!!! Actually it's not funny. It's just inept, and it sows confusion - extracting such clouds of complexitites out of such simplicities is not exactly going to encourage newbies, though that's apparently what you're trying to do. Now it requires explanations of things which need no explanations, which always makes them appear more complex than they are, very encouraging for newbies, yes. Sigh... I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. And I'm finally getting just a little tired of your saying our website doesn't work properly when it's quite obviously you who doesn't work properly. How come, for starters, you're starting with WVO and not virgin oil? How come lots of things. First of all, in order to re-establish the whereabouts of our feet somewhere near the surface of Planet Earth once again, see: Basic titration http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#titrate snip With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Uh-huh. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. It's sorted according to cost and simplicity, cheapest and easiest to most expensive, and that's how most people see it, especially newbies. There's no confusion and no contradiction. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. I don't think you were ridiculed, you were simply advised against it. Why do you need to say you were ridiculed? Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Do you mean to tell me, after all this time you claim to have been studying this, months, that this is the first you hear of phenolphthalein? Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Did you. Then what's the complaint? There's a whole section on phenolphthalein, and more information on it too, if only you'd bothered to check the Table of Contents at the top of the pages where it says so, and in a logical sequence furthermore. Did you notice the Table of Contents at the top yet? You're looking at Basic titration right? And only that it seems. Immediately below that: Basic titration Better titration Accurate measurements pH meters Phenolphthalein pH meters vs phenolphthalein All duly listed and linked, couldn't be clearer. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! That's not the absolute most important first step according to JtF. The absolute most important first step according to JtF is to make a test-batch with virgin oil, where no titration is required, moving on to WVO and titration later, when you have a few skills and know what to expect. Not you though of course, you know better. Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) Good grief, it says GRAM, that's a WEIGHT, which starts with a W, it says LITER, that's a VOLUME, it starts with a V, it's obvious! Especially as it tells you exactly what to do first. It's a universal convention and standard procedure in all technical writing and other writing that if you use an abbreviation you put it in brackets after the initial explanation. Did you say your wife's a science teacher?? This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description Half page. So you're using a print-out. What I suggested, I thought it might help, since you can't use a website with more than one page and one level. Seems not. of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? Maybe - hey, let's take a chance here and really stick our necks out - just maybe it MIGHT mean smaller than the one you just used two words previously to make one litre of 0.1% w/v lye solution? WVO oil is redundant. I think in your case nothing is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter
Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
I for one am grateful for all of the information JTF is providing us FREE OF CHARGE. It is so easy to be critical and it takes a little effort and perhaps you might have to massage a few brain cells in order to appreciate everything JTF is giving us here. I don't have any problems following the instruction. Thanks Kieth for a wonderful web site... Rob -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Brian Rodgers Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 12:07 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a massive area of Piñon Cedar wood and then loaded it prior to beginning our first titration of WVO. I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. Anyway, yesterday evening we finally had all of the equipment and chemicals in place. Saturday morning, I did some test runs using the TI-83 Vernier LabPro Data logger. It is the Vernier Data Logger that is the most useful of the two for our needs. It has a USB interface and the data logger software was easy enough to figure out. I started out with the stainless-steel temperature sensor as we have a decent thermometer to check against. Very nice readout on the screen and easy to understand. I then removed the pH sensor from its soaking bath bottle. We set it in tap water first and got a pH reading of 7.5, rinsed it in distilled water and gently cleaned it with a paper towel, next dipping the sensor end in fresh distilled water, pH 7. With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? WVO oil is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter is the best tool and listed first in the sentence above, why are we jumping back to phenolphthalein? If this is the preferred test, why not say so in the first sentence? Using a graduated syringe, add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop to the oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye solution until the solution stays pink (actually magenta) for 15 seconds. See above. We are using a continuous readout pH meter. What is the pH we are looking for here! Yes Keith, layered information is great, but why push it when it is unnecessary? We are jumping all over the place in order to do one simple step. Different methods are combined in the same paragraph. This could be the reason newbies are confused. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for virgin oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll need per liter of oil. Sheesh, I am sorry, but I have a question about every sentence in this basic titration. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 ?? This is sloppy writing. Are you saying add a number of milliliters to 3.5 grams? If it took 1.6 mL of lye solution then are we supposed to add 1.6 g to 3.5 g? I don't think so. How about a formula here? It would be clearer if you stated all of the proper terms, weight, volume, etc. No wonder so many
Re: [Biofuel] Daihatsu UFE-III 72km/litre
Hi Hoagy It's a K-car, same as the K-trucks I was talking about before. http://snipurl.com/iwrh [Biofuel] K-trucks in the US - Re: advancement of car technology They're cool! (And I'm a tall person...) Regards Keith 72km/litre, 1.39 L/100km, 169 mpg US, 204 mpg UK CA -- Daihatsu UFE-III : Ultra Fuel Economy http://www.daihatsu.com/motorshow/tokyo05/ufe3/index.html [click for photos] Shown at previous Tokyo Motor Shows in 2001 and 2003, this is the third generation of the UFE. Dedicated to achieving minivehicle category-leading ultra fuel economy, the UFE adopts a 3-seater package with light weight and extraordinary aerodynamic performance. Our development mission was to achieve 72km/litre*1 fuel economy. Specifications Overall length 3,395mm Overall width 1,475mm Overall height 1,200mm Wheelbase 2,170mm Kerb weight 440kg Seating capacity 3 persons Engine type TOPAZ inline 3-cylinder, direct-injection Atkinson Displacement 660cc Drive FF Tire size 115/65R16 Fuel efficient technology Overall height is lowered to 1,200mm, with sleek styling to reduce air resistance. Applying aerodynamics simulation technology, we further optimized the shape of all body parts to thoroughly minimize drag. The result is possibly the lowest*2 aerodynamic drag coefficient in the world for this class of minivehicle: 0.168, surpassing the 0.19 Cd figure of the UFE-II. Other notable efforts which enhance fuel economy are the composite polymer body and generous use of aluminum to reduce weight to 440kg, and the new 115/65R16 tires, which reduce rolling resistance. Power train For its power unit, the UFE-III uses a hybrid system comprising an engine and two electric motors. The newly developed 660cc inline 3-cylinder direct injection Atkinson engine offers an outstanding balance of output power, fuel economy, and clean emissions. The electrical generator and drive motors are of the compact, lightweight, highly efficient AC synchronous motor type. Gear shifting is accomplished by a planetary gear mechanism and electrical generator, which function as an electronically controlled continuously variable transmission. Exterior interior design The techno-futuristic body styling has a streamlined super aerodynamic shape. While its pointed LED headlamps and canopy door create a next-generation impression, the bold window styling extending to the middle of the roof and smoothly contoured body surfaces contribute to a richly expressive presence. The interior theme is high-tech with a human touch, providing comfort for three in a compact, futuristic space. Operational convenience is outstanding, thanks to steer-by-wire technology and placement of controls for easy access by the driver. To assist getting in and off, the instrument panel and front seat move up and down in linkage with the canopy door. *1: 10-15 mode Japanese emission standard, Daihatsu in-house test data. *2: As of October 2005. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
I for one am grateful for all of the information JTF is providing us FREE OF CHARGE. It is so easy to be critical and it takes a little effort and perhaps you might have to massage a few brain cells in order to appreciate everything JTF is giving us here. I don't have any problems following the instruction. Thanks Kieth for a wonderful web site... Rob Why thankyou Rob, you made my day (and I was just thinking it got spoiled...). :-) Best wishes Keith -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Brian Rodgers Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 12:07 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a snip ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Scientific method- Titration and anorther outraged reader.
I personally am outraged. I just spent all weekend printing out and completely reading the JTF website. Though it pains me greatly to say this: I did find a comma out of place. Keith, I've done the hard work identifying the problem, now I expect you to fix it, instead of lolly-gagging, or was it shilly shallying? No matter. Enough. To arms. NB. I am sending a spare comma for your use under separate cover. -Miss Grundy Keith Addison wrote: LOL Brian!!! Actually it's not funny. It's just inept, and it sows confusion - extracting such clouds of complexitites out of such simplicities is not exactly going to encourage newbies, though that's apparently what you're trying to do. Now it requires explanations of things which need no explanations, which always makes them appear more complex than they are, very encouraging for newbies, yes. Sigh... I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. And I'm finally getting just a little tired of your saying our website doesn't work properly when it's quite obviously you who doesn't work properly. How come, for starters, you're starting with WVO and not virgin oil? How come lots of things. First of all, in order to re-establish the whereabouts of our feet somewhere near the surface of Planet Earth once again, see: Basic titration http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#titrate snip With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Uh-huh. "Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier)." I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. It's sorted according to cost and simplicity, cheapest and easiest to most expensive, and that's how most people see it, especially newbies. There's no confusion and no contradiction. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. I don't think you were ridiculed, you were simply advised against it. Why do you need to say you were ridiculed? Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Do you mean to tell me, after all this time you claim to have been studying this, months, that this is the first you hear of phenolphthalein? Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Did you. Then what's the complaint? There's a whole section on "phenolphthalein", and more information on it too, if only you'd bothered to check the Table of Contents at the top of the pages where it says so, and in a logical sequence furthermore. Did you notice the Table of Contents at the top yet? You're looking at "Basic titration" right? And only that it seems. Immediately below that: Basic titration Better titration Accurate measurements pH meters Phenolphthalein pH meters vs phenolphthalein All duly listed and linked, couldn't be clearer. "Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution)." Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! That's not the absolute most important first step according to JtF. The absolute most important first step according to JtF is to make a test-batch with virgin oil, where no titration is required, moving on to WVO and titration later, when you have a few skills and know what to expect. Not you though of course, you know better. Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: "(0.1% w/v lye solution)" and not simply define (w/v?) Good grief, it says GRAM, that's a WEIGHT, which starts with a "W", it says LITER, that's a VOLUME, it starts with a "V", it's obvious! Especially as it tells you exactly what to do first. It's a universal convention and standard procedure in all technical writing and other writing that if you use an abbreviation you put it in brackets after the initial explanation. Did you say your wife's a science teacher?? This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description Half page. So you're using a print-out. What I suggested, I thought it might help, since you can't use a website with more than one page and one level.
Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
Brian, Sorry about your difficulties but I really do not agree with your assessment of JtF and the fine resource it offers. Last July I was just as Newbie as it gets and after I had my first crashes I started to pay attention to what I read. If I could not get what was presented I researched it a bit and it came clear. (requires work) As I look back I really can't imagine how I would have learned it if it wasn't for JtF. If you really want to learn this; become the student not the teacher. Before you can lead men you must learn to follow. Sorry but I truly think your statement here is unfair and unwarranted criticism of JtF. If you find JtF so clumsy try some of the other sites. As for me I think JtF is the one that offers exceptional help and it is also well put together professionally. Wisdom Jim Brian Rodgers wrote: Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a massive area of Piñon Cedar wood and then loaded it prior to beginning our first titration of WVO. I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. Anyway, yesterday evening we finally had all of the equipment and chemicals in place. Saturday morning, I did some test runs using the TI-83 Vernier LabPro Data logger. It is the Vernier Data Logger that is the most useful of the two for our needs. It has a USB interface and the data logger software was easy enough to figure out. I started out with the stainless-steel temperature sensor as we have a decent thermometer to check against. Very nice readout on the screen and easy to understand. I then removed the pH sensor from its soaking bath bottle. We set it in tap water first and got a pH reading of 7.5, rinsed it in distilled water and gently cleaned it with a paper towel, next dipping the sensor end in fresh distilled water, pH 7. With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? WVO oil is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter is the best tool and listed first in the sentence above, why are we jumping back to phenolphthalein? If this is the preferred test, why not say so in the first sentence? Using a graduated syringe, add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop to the oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye solution until the solution stays pink (actually magenta) for 15 seconds. See above. We are using a continuous readout pH meter. What is the pH we are looking for here! Yes Keith, layered information is great, but why push it when it is unnecessary? We are jumping all over the place in order to do one simple step. Different methods are combined in the same paragraph. This could be the reason newbies are confused. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for virgin oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll need per liter of oil. Sheesh, I am sorry, but I have a question about every sentence in this basic titration. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 ?? This is sloppy writing. Are you saying add a number of
[Biofuel] HDPE Conical Bottom Tanks
If there are any other Newbies out there in the market for a cone bottom tank let me know, here are some I found. :-) Jim http://www.chemtainer.com/BulkStorage/conebottom.aspx?series=jp http://www.acotainers.com/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Multi Fuel Engines
My unit ran our duce and a half out of go juice in Korea and we ran it on sojue . It ran well but it was hard to pour good liquor in a fuel tank. From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of jason Sent: Friday, October 21, 2005 11:38 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Multi Fuel Engines y'know, all this jabber about multi-fuel engines has got meremebering something i saw when i was a kid. those old US army deuce-and-a-half trucks that have been around since the dawn of time can run on just about any combustible slop you can feed them. they were designed with diesel in mind, but can be easily manipulated via levers and switches to burn propane, methane, heating oil, ethanol, kerosene, petrol, diesel, and a handful of other fuels i can't think of right now. would one of those be handy to have around in a fuel crunch?(i betcha a dollar it would...) ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH
Just started this weekend. HEY, Thanks Keith and Everybody! Good night Good weekend. Gary - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 5:44 PM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH I for one am grateful for all of the information JTF is providing us FREE OF CHARGE. It is so easy to be critical and it takes a little effort and perhaps you might have to massage a few brain cells in order to appreciate everything JTF is giving us here. I don't have any problems following the instruction. Thanks Kieth for a wonderful web site... Rob -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Brian Rodgers Sent: Sunday, October 23, 2005 12:07 PM To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Purity of KOH Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a massive area of Piñon Cedar wood and then loaded it prior to beginning our first titration of WVO. I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. Anyway, yesterday evening we finally had all of the equipment and chemicals in place. Saturday morning, I did some test runs using the TI-83 Vernier LabPro Data logger. It is the Vernier Data Logger that is the most useful of the two for our needs. It has a USB interface and the data logger software was easy enough to figure out. I started out with the stainless-steel temperature sensor as we have a decent thermometer to check against. Very nice readout on the screen and easy to understand. I then removed the pH sensor from its soaking bath bottle. We set it in tap water first and got a pH reading of 7.5, rinsed it in distilled water and gently cleaned it with a paper towel, next dipping the sensor end in fresh distilled water, pH 7. With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? WVO oil is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter is the best tool and listed first in the sentence above, why are we jumping back to phenolphthalein? If this is the preferred test, why not say so in the first sentence? Using a graduated syringe, add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop to the oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye solution until the solution stays pink (actually magenta) for 15 seconds. See above. We are using a continuous readout pH meter. What is the pH we are looking for here! Yes Keith, layered information is great, but why push it when it is unnecessary? We are jumping all over the place in order to do one simple step. Different methods are combined in the same paragraph. This could be the reason newbies are confused. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for virgin oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll need per liter of oil. Sheesh, I am sorry, but I have a question about every sentence in this basic titration. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 ?? This is sloppy writing. Are you saying add a
Re: [Biofuel] Scientific method- Titration
Hi im Maty Goshorn i am also a nebwie ,also a pipe welder who new nothing about Cemisty i but in the last year i have learned alot about biofuels from this website and its set up for someone who has never had a cemisty class (me) I only came across this web site becuse i have worked in the industy 2 years ago i did even know what biodiesel was i ran pipe in a plant that made it . if my dumbass can understand this anyone can. thanks to all that has put this websight togther From: Brian Rodgers [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org Subject: [Biofuel] Scientific method- Titration Date: Sun, 23 Oct 2005 11:15:36 -0600 Hi everyone My wife and I worked on titration until pretty late last night, at least late for me. I am a morning person and I pruned and thinned a massive area of Piñon Cedar wood and then loaded it prior to beginning our first titration of WVO. I say this because I'd rather not have people telling me I am not tip-top with my labwork. Tired is all. Anyway, yesterday evening we finally had most of the equipment and chemicals in place. Saturday morning, I did some test runs using the TI-83 Vernier LabPro Data logger. It is the Vernier Data Logger that is the most useful of the two for our needs. It has a USB interface and the data logger software was easy enough to figure out. I started out with the stainless-steel temperature sensor as we have a decent thermometer to check against. Very nice readout on the screen and easy to understand. I then removed the pH sensor from its soaking bath bottle. We set it in tap water first and got a pH reading of 7.5, rinsed it in distilled water and gently cleaned it with a paper towel, next dipping the sensor end in fresh distilled water, pH 7. With readings of that which we could expect, we then moved on to basic titration. If you all will bear with me a moment, I do have some questions. I will intertwine my questions right into the JtF web site directions for basic titration. Our hope is to clarify these directions for ourselves and for other newbies as well. We believe that there are several statements found here and in the email list which are contradictory at best. Basic titration An electronic pH meter is best, but you can also use pH test strips (or litmus paper), or phenolphthalein solution (from a chemicals supplier). I suggest sorting the test equipment according to preference. We were ridiculed for using litmus paper. Why list it second if it is preferred as a third choice? Phenolphthalein sounds very interesting. Why not give more information on the setup and use of this test? Yes we followed the links. Dissolve 1 gram of lye in 1 liter of distilled or de-ionized water (0.1% w/v lye solution). Here, according to JtF, we are in the absolute most important first step Titration, which a newbie is going to perform! Standard procedure in all technical writing as far as I am aware it to define all abbreviations Why throw out a statement like: (0.1% w/v lye solution) and not simply define (w/v?) This is making an already completely new process unnecessarily cloudy in the mind of the newbies. Ok, this is the second sentence in a half page description of how to do the most important step in making biodiesel. In a smaller beaker, dissolve 1 ml of dewatered WVO oil in 10 ml of pure isopropyl alcohol. Warm the beaker gently by standing it in some hot water, stir until all the oil dissolves in the alcohol and the mixture turns clear. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution. Smaller beaker than what? WVO oil is redundant. Again, if the pH Meter is the best tool and listed first in the sentence above, why are we jumping back to phenolphthalein? If this is the preferred test, why not say so in the first sentence? Using a graduated syringe, add the 0.1% lye solution drop by drop to the oil-alcohol-phenolphthalein solution, stirring all the time. It might turn a bit cloudy, keep stirring. Keep on carefully adding the lye solution until the solution stays pink (actually magenta) for 15 seconds. See above. We are using a continuous readout pH meter. What is the pH we are looking for here! Yes Keith, layered information is great, but why push it when it is unnecessary? We are jumping all over the place in order to do one simple step. Different methods are combined in the same paragraph. This could be the reason newbies are confused. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 (the basic amount of lye needed for virgin oil). This is the number of grams of lye you'll need per liter of oil. Sheesh, I am sorry, but I have a question about every sentence in this basic titration. Take the number of milliliters of 0.1% lye solution you used and add 3.5 ?? This is sloppy writing. Are you saying add a number of milliliters to 3.5 grams? If it took 1.6 mL of lye solution then are we supposed to add 1.6 g to 3.5 g? I don't think so. How about a formula here? It would be
