Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
weight would be difficult to measure accurately unless you can measure the moisture content of the wood. Steve Spence Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter: http://www.webconx.com/subscribe.htm Renewable Energy Pages - http://www.webconx.dns2go.com/ Human powered devices, equipment, and transport - http://24.190.106.81:8383/2000/humanpower.htm [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 8:43 AM Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves I think cords are a bad way to count wood, especially small trunk species like coppiced willow -- cords work fairly well for larger, straight logs, but the amount of air space you'd get with coppiced willow makes the cord totally unworkable. Weight is the only way to figure it, and in actuality, most coppiced tree products of any species is going to be chipped anyway. I suppose you could count cords of chips, but usually it's either just straight cubic feet or weight. Most of the stuff I've read about coppiced tree farms talks about harvesting with a large chipper machine anyway -- cutting acres of small shrubs would be horribly labor intensive otherwise. Coppiced tree products also make a good candidate for densification such as pelleting, briquetting, or extruded logs, since they are a lower density wood. On Wed, Feb 27, 2002 at 12:22:26AM -0600, MH wrote: Good site haven't read it threw yet but Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 128 cubic feet per cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 128 cu.ft./cord = 3034 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 25,2 Million BTUs/cord But I can not (unwilling to) stack it that solid so I figure about 70-90 cu.ft./cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 80 cu.ft./cord = 1896 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 15,9 Million BTUs/cord -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
motie_d wrote: I have an experimental plot of Reed Canary Grass growing now. It was established last year and seems to have taken well. I'll have yield results next fall. So what do you plan to do with the Reed Canary Grass? -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Good site haven't read it threw yet but Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 MH wrote: 128 cubic feet per cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 128 cu.ft./cord = 3034 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 25,2 Million BTUs/cord But I can not (unwilling to) stack it that solid so I figure about 70-90 cu.ft./cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 80 cu.ft./cord = 1896 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 15,9 Million BTUs/cord I think water is 8,345 Lbs US gallon. Outdoor seasoned willow wood might have 10 percent moisture. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. + (8,345 x 10%) = 24,5 lb/cu.ft. That's wrong 23,7 lb/cu.ft. + 10% moisture by weight = 26,1 lb/cu.ft. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
I think cords are a bad way to count wood, especially small trunk species like coppiced willow -- cords work fairly well for larger, straight logs, but the amount of air space you'd get with coppiced willow makes the cord totally unworkable. Weight is the only way to figure it, and in actuality, most coppiced tree products of any species is going to be chipped anyway. I suppose you could count cords of chips, but usually it's either just straight cubic feet or weight. Most of the stuff I've read about coppiced tree farms talks about harvesting with a large chipper machine anyway -- cutting acres of small shrubs would be horribly labor intensive otherwise. Coppiced tree products also make a good candidate for densification such as pelleting, briquetting, or extruded logs, since they are a lower density wood. On Wed, Feb 27, 2002 at 12:22:26AM -0600, MH wrote: Good site haven't read it threw yet but Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 128 cubic feet per cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 128 cu.ft./cord = 3034 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 25,2 Million BTUs/cord But I can not (unwilling to) stack it that solid so I figure about 70-90 cu.ft./cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 80 cu.ft./cord = 1896 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 15,9 Million BTUs/cord -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Cords might be a trifle distracting. But energy content is not. Hardwood forests yield between 0.5 and 1.5 tons per acre per year. Coppiced willow yields between 5.0 and 8.0 tons per acre per year in a non-irrigated environment. The yield alone is +3 - 16 times greater than the tonnage of forested hardwoods at 53% - 85% of the energy value of hardwoods, Red Oak and Eastern Cottonwood respectively. That amounts to minimum of 1.77 times greater energy yield per acre than hardwoods (applying only Red Oak energy content), and a theoretical upper limit of 8.48 times greater energy yield (again using Red Oak as the benchmark) - all farming, logging and processing energy inputs discounted. The crop is easily harvestable, easily chipped and easily conducted as a feedstock for process heat boilers, structural heat and even electrical generation. Aside from yields per acre, some of coppiced willow's primary attractive features are its mobility (it can be planted nearly anywhere, including adjacent to an end user) and the brief time period before first harvest in comparison to hardwoods - 3 years in comparison to 30-100. Perhaps a comparison to switchgrass or other similar biomass crops is in order. But it is difficult to imagine them being as beneficial to soils as a deciduous crop would. Just another method to Farm for Fuel. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 8:43 AM Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves I think cords are a bad way to count wood, especially small trunk species like coppiced willow -- cords work fairly well for larger, straight logs, but the amount of air space you'd get with coppiced willow makes the cord totally unworkable. Weight is the only way to figure it, and in actuality, most coppiced tree products of any species is going to be chipped anyway. I suppose you could count cords of chips, but usually it's either just straight cubic feet or weight. Most of the stuff I've read about coppiced tree farms talks about harvesting with a large chipper machine anyway -- cutting acres of small shrubs would be horribly labor intensive otherwise. Coppiced tree products also make a good candidate for densification such as pelleting, briquetting, or extruded logs, since they are a lower density wood. On Wed, Feb 27, 2002 at 12:22:26AM -0600, MH wrote: Good site haven't read it threw yet but Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 128 cubic feet per cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 128 cu.ft./cord = 3034 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 25,2 Million BTUs/cord But I can not (unwilling to) stack it that solid so I figure about 70-90 cu.ft./cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 80 cu.ft./cord = 1896 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 15,9 Million BTUs/cord -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
I notice that one the willow site it says that the duration a typical rotation - about 22 years which I take to mean that then they have to be replanted? Any idea why that is? And perhaps then aspen would be better, since the group is usually all one organism and lives for centuries, and can be coppiced in the same manner. Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Hardwood Energy Values - Part Dieu 8^D ieu, good one! http://www.esf.edu/willow/news2/n2why.htm Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 snip * all values are based on oven dry weight One Full Cord = 128 cubic feet Willow Yields 5-8 tons / acre, non-irrigated Coal yields 20,974,000 BTUs / short ton One acre = 208.71' x 208.71' Using the same conversion rate for willow as exists for coal, 10,452 Btu's / KwH, one mean acre of willow yields 10,447 KwH's. One acre, 209' x 209', is sufficient to supply ~1.19 homes consuming 1Kw each hour for an entire year. Todd Swearingen Darn, that's a chipper thought and reasonable. Todd wrote: Perhaps a comparison to switchgrass or other similar biomass crops is in order. But it is difficult to imagine them being as beneficial to soils as a deciduous crop would. Just another method to Farm for Fuel. Do you have a pointer (http://) available ?? Although yours and others explanations will do just fine. Bravo gentlemen. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Harmon, Coppiced refers to the tri-annual cutting back (pruning if you will) of willow. One year to first cut, where the pruned material is cold stored as cloned stemstock. Two to three more years to first harvest maturity. An approximate 22 year rotation, complete with 6-7 harvests before a new planting. Poplar has been studied under similar circumstances. I hazard to suggest that the primary intent of willow and poplar for such a crop is to achieve high yields with a short turnaround time. As well, the small diameter stalk makes harvest comparably easy with equipment already existing on many farms. I have no familiarity with aspen other than checking them for signs of bear and enjoying their leaves as the rustle. Were aspen to produce equivalent energy yields over time, I believe it would be prudent to begin planting them as well. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 12:08 PM Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves I notice that one the willow site it says that the duration a typical rotation - about 22 years which I take to mean that then they have to be replanted? Any idea why that is? And perhaps then aspen would be better, since the group is usually all one organism and lives for centuries, and can be coppiced in the same manner. Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Right, but my question is why do they have to be replanted? Certainly willows are much longer lived, in the wild, just as are other tree/shrubs, even the smaller bushy ones. Is it a matter of soil depletion? It just seems a bit odd -- and that site says nothing about it. I'll have to look around, I know I was on another site awhile back that was about the same thing, had some pictures of equipment converted to harvest small woody plants, which is what I was interested in. On Wed, Feb 27, 2002 at 01:19:01PM -0500, Appal Energy wrote: Harmon, Coppiced refers to the tri-annual cutting back (pruning if you will) of willow. One year to first cut, where the pruned material is cold stored as cloned stemstock. Two to three more years to first harvest maturity. An approximate 22 year rotation, complete with 6-7 harvests before a new planting. Poplar has been studied under similar circumstances. I hazard to suggest that the primary intent of willow and poplar for such a crop is to achieve high yields with a short turnaround time. As well, the small diameter stalk makes harvest comparably easy with equipment already existing on many farms. I have no familiarity with aspen other than checking them for signs of bear and enjoying their leaves as the rustle. Were aspen to produce equivalent energy yields over time, I believe it would be prudent to begin planting them as well. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 12:08 PM Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves I notice that one the willow site it says that the duration a typical rotation - about 22 years which I take to mean that then they have to be replanted? Any idea why that is? And perhaps then aspen would be better, since the group is usually all one organism and lives for centuries, and can be coppiced in the same manner. Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
- Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 12:03 Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves Right, but my question is why do they have to be replanted? Certainly willows are much longer lived, in the wild, just as are other tree/shrubs, even the smaller bushy ones. Is it a matter of soil depletion? It just seems a bit odd -- and that site says nothing about it. I'll have to look around, I know I was on another site awhile back that was about the same thing, had some pictures of equipment converted to harvest small woody plants, which is what I was interested in. What was the URL of that site? Greg H. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
I don't believe it's a matter of soil depletion. Rather, the tree itself begins to produce lesser yields as a result of the massive use that it has been put through. Even privit (private?) hedges end up needing replacement on occasion. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 2:03 PM Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves Right, but my question is why do they have to be replanted? Certainly willows are much longer lived, in the wild, just as are other tree/shrubs, even the smaller bushy ones. Is it a matter of soil depletion? It just seems a bit odd -- and that site says nothing about it. I'll have to look around, I know I was on another site awhile back that was about the same thing, had some pictures of equipment converted to harvest small woody plants, which is what I was interested in. On Wed, Feb 27, 2002 at 01:19:01PM -0500, Appal Energy wrote: Harmon, Coppiced refers to the tri-annual cutting back (pruning if you will) of willow. One year to first cut, where the pruned material is cold stored as cloned stemstock. Two to three more years to first harvest maturity. An approximate 22 year rotation, complete with 6-7 harvests before a new planting. Poplar has been studied under similar circumstances. I hazard to suggest that the primary intent of willow and poplar for such a crop is to achieve high yields with a short turnaround time. As well, the small diameter stalk makes harvest comparably easy with equipment already existing on many farms. I have no familiarity with aspen other than checking them for signs of bear and enjoying their leaves as the rustle. Were aspen to produce equivalent energy yields over time, I believe it would be prudent to begin planting them as well. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 12:08 PM Subject: Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves I notice that one the willow site it says that the duration a typical rotation - about 22 years which I take to mean that then they have to be replanted? Any idea why that is? And perhaps then aspen would be better, since the group is usually all one organism and lives for centuries, and can be coppiced in the same manner. Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Study Site: http://www.esf.edu/willow/news2/n2why.htm General: Graphics http://www.dti.gov.uk/renewable/ed_pack/1116biofuel.html General: Elephant Grass and Coppiced Willow http://beyond2000.com/news/Feb_01/story_1032.html ... What was the URL of that site? Greg H. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
You'll need to contact those entities already growing willow. A modified silage cutter is all I've seen up to this point. Cutting and chipping in one step. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: motie_d To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 7:06 PM Subject: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The crop is easily harvestable, easily chipped and easily conducted as a feedstock for process heat boilers, structural heat and even electrical generation. Have you got any info on harvesting techniques, or the equipment needed? I would like to gasify it, but harvesting is an economic downfall. Perhaps a comparison to switchgrass or other similar biomass crops is in order. But it is difficult to imagine them being as beneficial to soils as a deciduous crop would. I have an experimental plot of Reed Canary Grass growing now. It was established last year and seems to have taken well. I'll have yield results next fall. Motie Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Good site haven't read it threw yet but Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 128 cubic feet per cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 128 cu.ft./cord = 3034 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 25,2 Million BTUs/cord But I can not (unwilling to) stack it that solid so I figure about 70-90 cu.ft./cord e.g. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. x 80 cu.ft./cord = 1896 lb/cord x 8400 BTU/lb = 15,9 Million BTUs/cord I think water is 8,345 Lbs US gallon. Outdoor seasoned willow wood might have 10 percent moisture. 23,7 lb/cu.ft. + (8,345 x 10%) = 24,5 lb/cu.ft. Speaking of wood, This source estimates fuelwood consumption in cords per decade, which were converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu per cord. Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/tab1801a.htm I believe the US Forestry estimate sustainable yields @ one cord per acre per year. Tree farm hybrid poplar yield 2-4 times that @ 12 million Btu per cord if I am not mistaken. Are willow and hybrid poplar related ?? Similiar characteristics. Aruff - Firewood Comparison Table Seasoned Wood - BTUs/Cord http://www.ceramics.com/cvfirewd.html A book called SOLID FUELS ENCYCLOPEDIA by Jay W Shelton ©1983 goes into wood/coal home heating detail for the lay person. His other books are also interesting. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
