Re: [Tutor] list comprehension, efficiency?
On 09/28/10 13:57, Bill Allen wrote: I can now see that quite a bit of the code I write dealing with lists can be done with list comprehensions. My question is this, is the list comprehension styled code generally more efficient at runtime? If so, why? Yes, because the looping in list comprehension is done in C instead of a python construct. However, they are the type of efficiency that you shouldn't bother yourself with unless you're microoptimizing. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Python Help
Thanks David, But the loop was suppose to produce the count of even divisors an integer has. Like, 6 has 2 even divisors, which is 2 and 6, itself. 8 = 3 even divisors, which is 2, 4 ,and 8 10 = 2 even divisors, which is 2, and 10 12 = 4 even divisors, which is 2, 4, 6, and 12 sorry, I just don't know how to write a code to count the number of divisors From: David Hutto smokefl...@gmail.com To: masawudu bature mass0...@yahoo.ca Cc: tutor@python.org Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 11:36:05 PM Subject: Re: [Tutor] Python Help On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 12:15 AM, masawudu bature mass0...@yahoo.ca wrote: I'm having a hard time finding the count of divisors that are even. Help anybody? Here's my code. The output is suppose to count the number of even divisors the range has. def evenCount(b) : for n in range(x, y+1) : count = 0 if n % 2 == 0 : count += n/3 count % n == 1 return n ### main x = input(Enter a starting value: ) y = input(Enter a stopping value: ) count = evenCount(x) for n in range(x, y+1) : count = 0 if n % 2 == 0 : count += n/3 print %2d: %n, has%2d %count, even divisors, else : print %2d: %n, has 0 even divisors, print ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor #You start with your range variables x = input(Enter a starting value: ) y = input(Enter a stopping value: ) #You set a for loop for range for num in range(x, y): #If that number divided by 2 has a remainder of 0, it's of course even. if num % 2 == 0: #print the number print num And various other ways as well. David ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Pythonic nested lists
Hi all, I've been trying to write a programme that solves sudoku problems for a while now. I'm getting close, but would like to ask a few questions about the most pythonic way of doing some things. I've decided to create nested lists (row order, column order and square order) which correspond with dictionary keys - the values of which are the numbers given in the puzzle - so I can loop through the dict in different orders. I think the first two are OK, but the square order list seems extremely messy and I would love some pointers. What I have is as follows: roworder = [[str(j)+str(i) for i in range(9)] for j in range(9)] colorder = zip(*roworder) #here comes the problem! start, index = 0,0 sqorder = [] for i in range(9): sqorder.append([]) for j in range(start, start+3): sqorder[i].extend(roworder[j][index:index+3]) if index == 6: index = 0 else: index += 3 if i == 2 or i == 5: start += 3 Any comments at all would be gratefully received. Thanks in advance Colin ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
thanks for the reply. i should have been more specific in my question ;)
the order in which 'other' is listed is not always the last item of
the list as it is dependent on where in the CSV file it is included.
what i was trying to do is to take create the list of dictionary items
and then find the item which has name=='other' and then put this as
the last item in the list.
so from this list http://pastie.org/1185974 how do i select the item
name == 'other' and put it at the end of the list?
On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 11:39 PM, Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com wrote:
On 9/27/2010 1:22 PM Norman Khine said...
what is the correct way to ensure that {'industry': 'travel', 'name':
'other','value': MSG(uOther)} is always added to the end of this
list after all the items have been sorted?
here is the code which returns this list:
options.sort(key=itemgetter('name'))
return options
So, to answer the question you ask above, you can do:
options.sort(key=itemgetter('name'))
options.append({'industry':'travel',
'name':'other','value':MSG(uOther)}
return options
But I don't think that's the question you're looking to get answered.
I think you want other to be found only at the end and not elsewhere.
Then you might try excluding other from options allowing the above to append
it to the end:
for index, row in enumerate(topics.get_rows()):
if row[0] != 'other':
options.append({'name': row[0], 'value': MSG(row[1])})
HTH,
Emile
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--
˙uʍop ǝpısdn p,uɹnʇ pןɹoʍ ǝɥʇ ǝǝs noʎ 'ʇuǝɯɐן sǝɯıʇ ǝɥʇ puɐ 'ʇuǝʇuoɔ
ǝq s,ʇǝן ʇǝʎ
% .join( [ {'*':'@','^':'.'}.get(c,None) or
chr(97+(ord(c)-83)%26) for c in ,adym,*)uzq^zqf ] )
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[Tutor] trouble with list.remove() loop
Hello all, I am currently trying to write a program which can find the solution to a game of hangman. In a part of the program, a user inputs a letter, a tester tells him if the word contains that letter, and then if the answer is no, all words containing that letter are removed from the list of remaining candidates. However, the code I've written seems to remove some, but not all the words containing the letter. Strangely though, if i run it a few more times it gets some of the ones it missed the 1st time round, untill after enough iterations it gets all of them. I cant understand why it doesnt remove all of them the first time round. I have cut the offending code and formatted it to work on its own, and also to fit into a relatively short email. # A sample list of words, one of which is the answer. candidates = [abacus,amazing, ozimandias, a,alphanumeric, functioning] # In the following code, the user has guessed the letter 'a', # and the tester has told him that the letter 'a' is not in the word. user_guess=a tester_response=no # The following code should eliminate all words which contain the letter # 'a', leaving only the word 'functioning' in the list if tester_response in (No,no,n,N,NO): for word in candidates: if user_guess in word: print word, removed.. candidates.remove(word) print candidates Running once gives this output abacus removed.. ozimandias removed.. alphanumeric removed.. ['amazing', 'a', 'functioning'] But if i run it again it successfully removes 'amazing, and the next time it removes 'a', leaving the correct answer. I'm perplexed by this strange behaviour and would be most appreciative of any help. I'm very new to python so apologies for any formatting/style errors, and also for the simplicity of the problem. Best regards Dave ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
Hi I am trying to learn how to program, I want to become a software developer so I can develop a software and also understand how to write my own software not copying someone else. So if there any book or online tutorials for complete beginners. I went to the python website and on wiki python and there are so many books to choose from, please help me choose one. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] help with python 3.1
Dear Tutor: I would like to install a program that was written with python 3.1, the computer that I would like to put in on has Win 98SE. I tried Python 3.1.2 MSI and 2.61 but got a message that a DLL was not there and would not install. I then tried them on a Win 7 computer and got to the 5 files that you had to say where they should go. They were register ext.; TCI/TK; documentation; utility scripts; test suite---go on the HD, local drive, not at all. My guess is HD ??? Do I need all 5 files ? The writer of the program also said that you needed to download sq-3_6_23_1.zip and if you had XP or Vista and you wanted to print you also needed pywin.32-214.win32py3.1.exe. Would I need that with 98SE? He also said that any python before 3.1 would not be useable. I don't know anything about python so I need any help possible thank you Ralph duoble...@live.com ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Basics
Hi, I'm relatively new to this mailing list (and python!) and I would greatly appreciate some exercises to try or something to get me familiar with the system. Thanks, Cameron Macleod ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] pyMVPA and OSError
I am very much new to python, and thus I am likely to feel stupid
about asking. But I need to get past this to continue with my work.
I need pyMVPA module to run some analysis on fMRI data, but as a start
I want to at first play around with the sample data provided on pyMVPA
website. I have downloaded Python2.6, my operating system is Mac
Leopard (i get a depracation warning when I try to import mvpa,
which is not the problem, however, when I attempt to use the following
line
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
which i assume to mean the same thing, I dont get deprecation warning,
but I do get a bunch of errors as follows:
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#14, line 1, in module
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/suite.py, line 38, in module
from mvpa.algorithms.cvtranserror import *
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/algorithms/cvtranserror.py, line 15,
in module
from mvpa.measures.base import DatasetMeasure
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/measures/base.py, line 31, in module
from mvpa.clfs.stats import autoNullDist
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/clfs/stats.py, line 772, in module
if externals.exists('pylab'):
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/base/externals.py, line 432, in exists
exec _KNOWN[dep]
File string, line 1, in module
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/base/externals.py, line 249, in
__check_pylab
import pylab as P
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylab.py, line 1, in module
from matplotlib.pylab import *
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pylab.py, line 206, in module
from matplotlib import mpl # pulls in most modules
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl.py, line 2, in module
from matplotlib import axis
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py, line 10, in module
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py, line 1297, in
module
_rebuild()
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py, line 1288, in
_rebuild
fontManager = FontManager()
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py, line 980, in
__init__
self.ttffiles = findSystemFonts(paths) + findSystemFonts()
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py, line 337, in
findSystemFonts
for f in get_fontconfig_fonts(fontext):
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py, line 298, in
get_fontconfig_fonts
pipe = subprocess.Popen(['fc-list', '', 'file'],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/subprocess.py, line 621, in __init__
errread, errwrite)
File /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/
lib/python2.6/subprocess.py, line 1126, in _execute_child
raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory
-
I am not sure why OSError is popping and I am sure I am doing
something wrong, I just do not know enough to pinpoint what exactly.
Any feedback is appreciated. And I do once more apologize for asking
very stupid questions.
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Re: [Tutor] input and raw input
you can use an re split... import re a=raw_input(Enter the number of your class in the school:) regex = re.compile([ ,]) #sets the delimeters to a single space or comma m = regex.split(a) if you want to use any white space character than you can use [\s,] 2010/9/23 Ahmed AL-Masri ahmed...@hotmail.com Hi, any one have an idea about how we can input many number in the one time and change it to list. for example: a=input(Enter the number of your class in the school:) # the number can be enter as: 12,13,14 or 12 13 14 with a space in between. now how I can put these numbers into list like b=[12,13,14] with len( a ) =3 I tried with that but it's working only for a numbers less than 10 ex. 1,2,3 or 1 2 3 but it's not when I go for numbers higher than 10 like in example above. a=raw_input(Enter the number of your class in the school:) m=[] for I range (len( a)): if a[I]==',': pass elif a[I]==' ': pass else: m.append(a[I]) m=map(float,m) print m;print len( m ) [1,2,3] 3 looking forward to seeing your help, regards, Ahmed ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- -John Chandler ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] console output that is same in Python 2 and 3
Hello tutor at python.org.
How can I write strings to the console in a way that will give the same result
in Python 3 and Python 2?
I tried sys.stdout.write('hello') on Microsoft vista.
with python 3.1.2
sys.stdout.write('hello')
hello5
with python 2.7
sys.stdout.write('hello')
hello
Why is the string length appended to the output with python 3.1.2?
Thanks,
Thierry
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Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
On Sun, Sep 26, 2010 at 9:20 AM, Preetinder Singh putj...@yahoo.com wrote: Hi I am trying to learn how to program, I want to become a software developer so I can develop a software and also understand how to write my own software not copying someone else. So if there any book or online tutorials for complete beginners. I went to the python website and on wiki python and there are so many books to choose from, please help me choose one. I would recommend Python for Absolute Beginners. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Vishwajeet Singh +91-9657702154 | dextrou...@gmail.com | http://bootstraptoday.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/vishwajeets | LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/singhvishwajeet ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] console output that is same in Python 2 and 3
On 27/09/2010 17:11, Thierry Tung wrote:
Hello tutor at python.org.
How can I write strings to the console in a way that will give the same result
in Python 3 and Python 2?
I tried sys.stdout.write('hello') on Microsoft vista.
with python 3.1.2
sys.stdout.write('hello')
hello5
with python 2.7
sys.stdout.write('hello')
hello
Why is the string length appended to the output with python 3.1.2?
Because in Py 3.x the .write method returns the length written.
The interpreter echoes the non-None return value of any function
to stdout. This won't happen when you run the program -- you won't
get a stream of numbers. To avoid it happening in the interpreter,
simply assign the return value:
n = sys.stdout.write(hello)
In Python 2.x n will be None; in Python 3.x it will be 5
TJG
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Re: [Tutor] trouble with list.remove() loop
On 25/09/2010 20:44, D Ryan (2) wrote: Hello all, I am currently trying to write a program which can find the solution to a game of hangman. In a part of the program, a user inputs a letter, a tester tells him if the word contains that letter, and then if the answer is no, all words containing that letter are removed from the list of remaining candidates. However, the code I've written seems to remove some, but not all the words containing the letter. Strangely though, if i run it a few more times it gets some of the ones it missed the 1st time round, untill after enough iterations it gets all of them. I cant understand why it doesnt remove all of them the first time round. I have cut the offending code and formatted it to work on its own, and also to fit into a relatively short email. # A sample list of words, one of which is the answer. candidates = [abacus,amazing, ozimandias, a,alphanumeric, functioning] # In the following code, the user has guessed the letter 'a', # and the tester has told him that the letter 'a' is not in the word. user_guess=a tester_response=no # The following code should eliminate all words which contain the letter # 'a', leaving only the word 'functioning' in the list if tester_response in (No,no,n,N,NO): for word in candidates: if user_guess in word: print word, removed.. candidates.remove(word) print candidates Running once gives this output abacus removed.. ozimandias removed.. alphanumeric removed.. ['amazing', 'a', 'functioning'] But if i run it again it successfully removes 'amazing, and the next time it removes 'a', leaving the correct answer. I'm perplexed by this strange behaviour and would be most appreciative of any help. I'm very new to python so apologies for any formatting/style errors, and also for the simplicity of the problem. Best regards Dave ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor You are mutating the list that you are iterating over so in essence you are looking at the word in list index 0, testing it, and removing it, then moving onto list index 1 but now your list has 'amazing' in index 0 so that does not get checked. The simplest way is to iterate through a new list with this for word in candidates[:]: That will create a new list that you will iterate over while you mutate the original list. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pure function problem
Just home from vacation so jumping in late... Roelof Wobben rwob...@hotmail.com wrote class tijd : pass Others have solved this for you but you don't appear to have picked up on the point made by Jeremy that you are not initialising your class's attributes. By only creating the attributes within the function - and worse, by creating different attributes depending on the logic flow - you are creating a huge layer of complexity for yourself. That is why you will nearly always see a class definition have an __init__ method. It ensures that the minimum set of attributes are there and valid (at least with default values) If you carrry on defining classes as you are doing you will continue to have these errors because the code that uses the object will not know whether attributes exist or not. You will have to check the existence of each atribute before you use it. That is hard work, much harder than creating an __init__ method. def increment(time, seconds): sum = tijd() sum.seconds = time.seconds + seconds if sum.seconds 60 : minutes, seconds = divmod(sum.seconds, 60) sum.seconds = seconds sum.minutes = time.minutes + minutes return sum Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\Users\wobben\workspace\oefeningen\src\test.py, line 22, in module print uitkomst.minutes, uitkomst.seconds AttributeError: tijd instance has no attribute 'minutes' So it looks like uitkomst has no attribute minutes but uitkomst is a instance of tijd which has a attribute minutes. No it doesn't if seconds = 60. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
On Sat, Sep 25, 2010 at 11:50 PM, Preetinder Singh putj...@yahoo.com wrote: Hi I am trying to learn how to program, I want to become a software developer so I can develop a software and also understand how to write my own software not copying someone else. So if there any book or online tutorials for complete beginners. I went to the python website and on wiki python and there are so many books to choose from, please help me choose one. Beginning Python by Magnus lie Hetland is good. I have the first edition, but not the second. I can only imagine that it got better. Head First Programming: A Learner's Guide to Programming Using the Python Language by David Griffiths and Paul Barry was a great read. It's unconventional (by their nature, all Head First books are), but excellent. It's about programming in general, but uses Python to demonstrate. There's also a new book coming out shortly that will probably benefit you: Head First Python. Again, it's unconventional, but thoroughly enjoyable and informative. Disclaimer: I tech reviewed all 3 of these books. I don't get any more $ for you buying them, though. Another great read is the Python Cookbook. You can find the recipes online, also, but sometimes it's good to just sit with a hard copy of the book. The cookbook will walk you through tons of code examples, which is really helpful when you're learning a new language (or any language for the first time). HTH, - jmj ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmedbefore or have no experience in programming
Preetinder Singh putj...@yahoo.com wrote copying someone else. So if there any book or online tutorials for complete beginners. I went to the python website and on wiki python and there are so many books to choose from, please help me choose one. There are many because people learn in different ways. My tutor, for example, focuses on general programming principles and uses 3 languages to illustrate the points. It also assumes a fair degree of computer skills although no previous programming experience. Others take an example based approach. Others focus on a feature by feature, in depth coverage of a single language. It just depends on how you like to be taught. My advice would be to pick two or three tutorials from the Non Programmers section of the web site, follow a few of the sections in each and see which seems most effecftive to you. Stick with that tutor but when you get stuck refer to the second best to see how it covers the same topic. If you still can't understand ask questions here. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Issues In Terminal
Marc Tompkins marc.tompk...@gmail.com wrote
The parentheses are optional in 2.6, mandatory in 3. In 2.6, print
and
print() are alternate ways to invoke the print statement
Not strictly true. They often give the same results but not always,
see a recent thread on this. In particular
print ('a','b')
is quite different to
print 'a','b'
But that shouldn't be an issue for 'hello world'
Alan G.
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Re: [Tutor] function error
roberto robert...@gmail.com wrote i have the following error when i call this function: 20 def outOfBounds(): --- 21 if abs(turtle.position()[0]) turtle.window_height()/2 or abs(turtle.position()[1]) turtle.window_width()/2: 22 return true 23 else: TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable but i can't really figure out where is the problem with this function 'unsubscriptable'; This means you are trying to use [] on a function. eg you might be doing turtle.position[1] instead of turtle.position()[1] I can't see it in your code sample but I'd check carefully that your parens() all balance correctly and are in the right place... HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Basics
Cameron Macleod cmacleod...@gmail.com wrote I'm relatively new to this mailing list (and python!) and I would greatly appreciate some exercises to try or something to get me familiar with the system. Are you new to programming? Or just new to Python? In erither case there are a wealth of tutorials suited to your needs on the Python web site. They nearly all have exercises in one form or other. If you are already fairly experienced you might find the Python Challenge web site a fun way to learn too. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
I go with Alan. If you however arrive at a choice book or books, send me a list of the books, I will check if I have any of them. I have plenty books on python now. You may not need to send a personal mail, just send it here on the forum and i would send you a download link. I hope by that everyone who wishes can have a look and I would not have violated any copyright law. Welcome to the world of python programming. You sure would get a great deal of help in here. Regards, On 9/28/10, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com wrote: Preetinder Singh putj...@yahoo.com wrote copying someone else. So if there any book or online tutorials for complete beginners. I went to the python website and on wiki python and there are so many books to choose from, please help me choose one. There are many because people learn in different ways. My tutor, for example, focuses on general programming principles and uses 3 languages to illustrate the points. It also assumes a fair degree of computer skills although no previous programming experience. Others take an example based approach. Others focus on a feature by feature, in depth coverage of a single language. It just depends on how you like to be taught. My advice would be to pick two or three tutorials from the Non Programmers section of the web site, follow a few of the sections in each and see which seems most effecftive to you. Stick with that tutor but when you get stuck refer to the second best to see how it covers the same topic. If you still can't understand ask questions here. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Sent from my mobile device Elegbede Muhammed Oladipupo OCA +2348077682428 +2347042171716 www.dudupay.com Mobile Banking Solutions | Transaction Processing | Enterprise Application Development ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Python Help
masawudu bature mass0...@yahoo.ca wrote The output is suppose to count the number of even divisors the range has. You need to work this through again in your head: def evenCount(b) : This function takes a parameter b but you never use b in the function... for n in range(x, y+1) : What are x and y supposed to be? They must be defined outside the function? Don;t you really want your loop to check the values for b? So it would be range(0,b+1)? count = 0 You reset count to zero for each time through the loop - do you really want to do that? if n % 2 == 0 : count += n/3 Why do you add n/3? count % n == 1 This is a boolean expression that will evaluate to TRue or False and which you then ignore. It does nothing useful. return n And this will always return the first value of your loop, x. Try working through it on paper, writing down the values of each variable in the function for each time through the loop. Are they what you expect? HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] function error
It seems that ur turtle.position doesn't return a list because of this when indexing is done on that u get this kind of error. --nitin On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 3:39 PM, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.comwrote: roberto robert...@gmail.com wrote i have the following error when i call this function: 20 def outOfBounds(): --- 21 if abs(turtle.position()[0]) turtle.window_height()/2 or abs(turtle.position()[1]) turtle.window_width()/2: 22 return true 23 else: TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable but i can't really figure out where is the problem with this function 'unsubscriptable'; This means you are trying to use [] on a function. eg you might be doing turtle.position[1] instead of turtle.position()[1] I can't see it in your code sample but I'd check carefully that your parens() all balance correctly and are in the right place... HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Python Help
On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 02:15:52 pm masawudu bature wrote: I'm having a hard time finding the count of divisors that are even. Help anybody? Here's my code. The output is suppose to count the number of even divisors the range has. I don't understand the question. What do you mean by divisors the range has? Perhaps you should show an example, and give the answer you expect. This function is troublesome: def evenCount(b) : for n in range(x, y+1) : count = 0 if n % 2 == 0 : count += n/3 count % n == 1 return n What's b? It is never used. Every time through the loop, you start the count at zero again. This function will always return y, the stopping value. -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] trouble with list.remove() loop
On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 06:55:15 pm Christian Witts wrote: You are mutating the list that you are iterating over so in essence you are looking at the word in list index 0, testing it, and removing it, then moving onto list index 1 but now your list has 'amazing' in index 0 so that does not get checked. The simplest way is to iterate through a new list with this for word in candidates[:]: That will create a new list that you will iterate over while you mutate the original list. Another technique is to iterate over the list backwards, so you are only ever deleting words you've already seen: for i in range(len(candidates)-1, -1, -1)): word = candidates[i] if some_test(): del candidates[i] I know the series of -1, -1, -1 is ugly, but that's what it takes. -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] list comprehension, efficiency?
On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 01:57:23 pm Bill Allen wrote: I can now see that quite a bit of the code I write dealing with lists can be done with list comprehensions. My question is this, is the list comprehension styled code generally more efficient at runtime? If so, why? List comprehensions *are* lists, or rather, they produce lists. A list comprehension result = [expr for x in seq] is just syntactic sugar for a for-loop: result = [] for x in seq: result.append(x) except that in Python 3, the x variable is hidden. (In Python 2 it is not, but that was an accident.) The end result is exactly the same whether you use a list comp or a for-loop. The advantage of for-loops is that you can do much more complex code. That complexity comes at a cost, and consequently for-loops tend to be a little bit slower than list comprehensions: some of the work can be done under the hood, faster than regular Python code. But for most cases, this difference is relatively small and won't make any real difference. What does it matter if your program runs in 24 milliseconds instead of 22 milliseconds? Or five hours and seventeen minutes instead of five hours and sixteen minutes? Who cares? Write the code that is most natural and easy to read and understand, and only worry about such tiny savings when you absolutely have to. But there is one case where for-loops are potentially MUCH faster than list comps. List comps always run all the way to the end, but for-loops can break out early. If your problem lets you break out of the loop early, this is a good thing. So this for-loop: for x in xrange(1000): result.append(x+1) if x 5: break will beat the pants off this list comp: [x+1 for x in xrange(1000) if x = 5] There's no way to break out of the list comp early -- it has to keep going past 5 all the way to the end. -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
You might also consider the following free resources that are meant for new programmers. They can easily be found on the internet: How to Think Like a (Python) Programmer by Allen Downey Dive Into Python 20 May 2004 Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Mark Pilgrim (mailto:m...@diveintopython.org) This book lives at http://diveintopython.org/. If you're reading it somewhere else, you may not have the latest version. and the intro python short courses at ocw.mit.edu and www.berkeley.edu MIT is generaly open free to the public, and last I checked Berkeley was too. The MIT course was designed for non computer science students. Good luck, and I agree with every comment posted in this forum about this. Date: Sat, 25 Sep 2010 20:50:25 -0700 From: putj...@yahoo.com To: tutor@python.org Subject: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming Hi I am trying to learn how to program, I want to become a software developer so I can develop a software and also understand how to write my own software not copying someone else. So if there any book or online tutorials for complete beginners. I went to the python website and on wiki python and there are so many books to choose from, please help me choose one. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 07:37:12 pm Jeremy Jones wrote: Head First Programming: A Learner's Guide to Programming Using the Python Language by David Griffiths and Paul Barry was a great read. It's unconventional (by their nature, all Head First books are), I've never heard of Head First Programming -- how are they unconventional? -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] filling 2d array with zeros
On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 11:56:33 am Alex Hall wrote: (But don't forget that Python is not necessarily written in C. There's Jython, written in Java, and CLPython written in Lisp, and many others. How they implement objects may be different. What happens under the hood isn't important, so long as the behaviour at the Python level remains the same.) Really? Neat! I wonder what the advantage of doing that is, since the end result, as you say, should be the same once you start writing Python code? Different implementations can make different choices, to suit different needs. So long as the end result is the same, they can choose different mechanisms, different techniques, radically different strategies, or simply choose a different implementation language because they can. CPython is a conservative implementation written in ordinary C so that it is available on almost any platform that has a C compiler. Efficiency is not its primary goal, clarity of code and simplicity of design is considered just as important. This is almost certainly the version you are using. Unladen Swallow is a version of CPython written by Google that aims to speed up certain time-critical parts. If it works, it may end up being merged with the regular CPython. Unfortunately, after a flash of publicity and some promising early results, Unladen Swallow seems to have gone quiet. PyPy is a version of Python written in Python. It has an incredible mission: to eventually produce versions of Python which are faster than pure C, despite being written in Python itself. Although they have a long, long way to go, they are making good progress, and PyPy can now run Python code faster than CPython. PyPy is becoming a generalised Just-In-Time compiler for high-level languages like Python. IronPython and Jython are designed to integrate with Dot-Net and Java. IronPython is probably written in C#, like most Dot-Net software, and Jython is written in Java. Stackless Python is similar to CPython except it doesn't have a function call stack, which is good for certain specialist applications. Pynie is an experimental version of Python written for the Parrot virtual machine used by Perl 6. CapPython is a restricted version of Python which aims to be much more secure, allowing you to safely run untrusted code without it eating your computer. And there are many more... I count at least 41 current or past Python implementations, add-ons and related projects. My favourite (apart from PyPy, which makes me feel all warm and tingly in that special place) is LikePython: http://www.staringispolite.com/likepython/ #!usr/bin/python # My first Like, Python script! yo just print like hello world bro I can't wait to put that on my resume :) -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] question
Hello, Im now studying this page : http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english2e/ch16.html But I don't get it why aces are now lower then deuces in the cmp function. Roelof ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] filling 2d array with zeros
On 9/28/10, Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info wrote: On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 11:56:33 am Alex Hall wrote: (But don't forget that Python is not necessarily written in C. There's Jython, written in Java, and CLPython written in Lisp, and many others. How they implement objects may be different. What happens under the hood isn't important, so long as the behaviour at the Python level remains the same.) Really? Neat! I wonder what the advantage of doing that is, since the end result, as you say, should be the same once you start writing Python code? Different implementations can make different choices, to suit different needs. So long as the end result is the same, they can choose different mechanisms, different techniques, radically different strategies, or simply choose a different implementation language because they can. CPython is a conservative implementation written in ordinary C so that it is available on almost any platform that has a C compiler. Efficiency is not its primary goal, clarity of code and simplicity of design is considered just as important. This is almost certainly the version you are using. Probably, I just got 2.6 from python.org. Unladen Swallow is a version of CPython written by Google that aims to speed up certain time-critical parts. If it works, it may end up being merged with the regular CPython. Unfortunately, after a flash of publicity and some promising early results, Unladen Swallow seems to have gone quiet. PyPy is a version of Python written in Python. It has an incredible mission: to eventually produce versions of Python which are faster than pure C, despite being written in Python itself. Although they have a long, long way to go, they are making good progress, and PyPy can now run Python code faster than CPython. PyPy is becoming a generalised Just-In-Time compiler for high-level languages like Python. Okay, I now have to go investigate this and see how it is even possible; somewhere, the Python code has to get down to machine code... IronPython and Jython are designed to integrate with Dot-Net and Java. IronPython is probably written in C#, like most Dot-Net software, and Jython is written in Java. Stackless Python is similar to CPython except it doesn't have a function call stack, which is good for certain specialist applications. I'll take your word for it, but it seems like you could then not use OO since a function's return would have no idea where to go. I was once forced to try LISP, MIPS machine language, and a functionless Basic, and I hated them. Pynie is an experimental version of Python written for the Parrot virtual machine used by Perl 6. CapPython is a restricted version of Python which aims to be much more secure, allowing you to safely run untrusted code without it eating your computer. And there are many more... I count at least 41 current or past Python implementations, add-ons and related projects. My favourite (apart from PyPy, which makes me feel all warm and tingly in that special place) is LikePython: http://www.staringispolite.com/likepython/ #!usr/bin/python # My first Like, Python script! yo just print like hello world bro ...interesting. This, too, will have to be looked at, if only because it is so different. Thanks for all the info! I can't wait to put that on my resume :) -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Have a great day, Alex (msg sent from GMail website) mehg...@gmail.com; http://www.facebook.com/mehgcap ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyMVPA and OSError
On 2/18/2010 8:10 AM Juli said...
I am very much new to python, and thus I am likely to feel stupid about
asking. But I need to get past this to continue with my work.
I need pyMVPA module to run some analysis on fMRI data, but as a start I
want to at first play around with the sample data provided on pyMVPA
website. I have downloaded Python2.6,
Just a guess, but the pyMVPA site specifically mentions using version
2.5, and whenever I have issues with a new package, I go back to the
installation documentation and follow it closely as it's typically
written by an experienced user while installing and yields a functioning
implementation. I'd reinstall and pay close attention to the version
numbers and dependencies.
http://www.pymvpa.org/installation.html#macos-x
Then, always check if there's a user group for the package. Diagnosing
installation problems of specific packages and related dependencies are
rarely an area of expertise outside the users of the package. Join the
mailing list.
See http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/pkg-exppsy-pymvpa
HTH,
Emile
my operating system is Mac Leopard
(i get a depracation warning when I try to import mvpa, which is not
the problem, however, when I attempt to use the following line
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
which i assume to mean the same thing, I dont get deprecation warning,
but I do get a bunch of errors as follows:
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#14, line 1, in module
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/suite.py,
line 38, in module
from mvpa.algorithms.cvtranserror import *
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/algorithms/cvtranserror.py,
line 15, in module
from mvpa.measures.base import DatasetMeasure
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/measures/base.py,
line 31, in module
from mvpa.clfs.stats import autoNullDist
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/clfs/stats.py,
line 772, in module
if externals.exists('pylab'):
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/base/externals.py,
line 432, in exists
exec _KNOWN[dep]
File string, line 1, in module
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/base/externals.py,
line 249, in __check_pylab
import pylab as P
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylab.py,
line 1, in module
from matplotlib.pylab import *
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pylab.py,
line 206, in module
from matplotlib import mpl # pulls in most modules
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl.py,
line 2, in module
from matplotlib import axis
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py,
line 10, in module
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 1297, in module
_rebuild()
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 1288, in _rebuild
fontManager = FontManager()
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 980, in __init__
self.ttffiles = findSystemFonts(paths) + findSystemFonts()
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 337, in findSystemFonts
for f in get_fontconfig_fonts(fontext):
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 298, in get_fontconfig_fonts
pipe = subprocess.Popen(['fc-list', '', 'file'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py,
line 621, in __init__
errread, errwrite)
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py,
line 1126, in _execute_child
raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory
-
I am not sure why OSError is popping and I am sure I am doing something
wrong, I just do not know enough to pinpoint what exactly.
Any feedback is appreciated. And I do once more apologize for asking
very stupid questions.
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Tutor
Re: [Tutor] pyMVPA and OSError
Hi,
I am very much new to python, and thus I am likely to feel stupid about
asking. But I need to get past this to continue with my work.
I need pyMVPA module to run some analysis on fMRI data, but as a start I want
to at first play around with the sample data provided on pyMVPA website. I
have downloaded Python2.6, my operating system is Mac Leopard (i get a
depracation warning when I try to import mvpa,
What depracation warning?
which is not the problem, however, when I attempt to use the following line
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
I wouldn't do that; just seems prone to lead to confusion. Perhaps:
import mvpa.suite as mvpas
or
from mvpa import suite
which i assume to mean the same thing,
It normally doesn't mean the same thing. mvpa and mvpa.suite would normally be
quite different things. But perhaps this is how the package is setup; that
would be in the manual.
More after the traceback.
I dont get deprecation warning, but I do get a bunch of errors as follows:
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
Traceback (most recent call last):
File pyshell#14, line 1, in module
import mvpa.suite as mvpa
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/suite.py,
line 38, in module
from mvpa.algorithms.cvtranserror import *
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/algorithms/cvtranserror.py,
line 15, in module
from mvpa.measures.base import DatasetMeasure
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/measures/base.py,
line 31, in module
from mvpa.clfs.stats import autoNullDist
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/clfs/stats.py,
line 772, in module
if externals.exists('pylab'):
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/base/externals.py,
line 432, in exists
exec _KNOWN[dep]
File string, line 1, in module
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/mvpa/base/externals.py,
line 249, in __check_pylab
import pylab as P
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylab.py,
line 1, in module
from matplotlib.pylab import *
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pylab.py,
line 206, in module
from matplotlib import mpl # pulls in most modules
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl.py,
line 2, in module
from matplotlib import axis
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py,
line 10, in module
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 1297, in module
_rebuild()
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 1288, in _rebuild
fontManager = FontManager()
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 980, in __init__
self.ttffiles = findSystemFonts(paths) + findSystemFonts()
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 337, in findSystemFonts
for f in get_fontconfig_fonts(fontext):
File
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py,
line 298, in get_fontconfig_fonts
pipe = subprocess.Popen(['fc-list', '', 'file'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
At first read, it looks like mvpa is checking for external dependencies,
including checking for fonts to be used by matplotlib (or actually, matplotlib
does this).
Matplotlib then tries to run an external process called 'fc-list', which
presumably list the font-config fonts.
It looks like your system does not have this installed.
Since this is all installed through matplotlib, that would mean that somewhere
there is a dependency check missing.
For a start, you could try and reinstall matplotlib yourself, hoping this
solves it. But I won't guarantee that.
Since this all done through macports, I wonder what your python is: did you
install that through matplotlib as well, or are you using a different (system)
python?
You mention you downloaded Python 2.6, which would suggest you're not using
macports python, which may cause these errors as well.
In addition, if you are on Snow Leopard (not plain Leopard), you should have
Python 2.6 as the system python, which would be a different python again (and a
bit
Re: [Tutor] question
On 2:59 PM, Roelof Wobben wrote: Hello, Im now studying this page : http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english2e/ch16.html But I don't get it why aces are now lower then deuces in the cmp function. Roelof Why would you be surprised that aces are lower than deuces? If aces are represented by 1, and deuces by 2, then 1 is less than 2. Notice that because self.suit is compared first, an ace of spades is higher than a deuce of hearts. It's only within the same suit that an ace is less than a deuce. DaveA ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 6:39 AM, Alif Shirali alifshir...@hotmail.comwrote: You might also consider the following free resources that are meant for new programmers. They can easily be found on the internet: I'll toss another recommendation into the ring: Snake Wrangling for Kids. It may be geared towards younger people, but I found it entertaining (maybe my sense of humour is a little immature at times ;) and it also explained topics fairly well. Explained so well that even adults can understand :) my 2.5￠, adjusted for inflation -Wayne ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Issues In Terminal
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 5:02 AM, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.comwrote:
Marc Tompkins marc.tompk...@gmail.com wrote
The parentheses are optional in 2.6, mandatory in 3. In 2.6, print and
print() are alternate ways to invoke the print statement
Not strictly true. They often give the same results but not always,
see a recent thread on this. In particular
print ('a','b')
is quite different to
print 'a','b'
But that shouldn't be an issue for 'hello world'
And of course if you're on 2.6+ you can always add
from __future__ import print_function
and that will help prepare you for the eventual migration to 3+
-Wayne
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Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
thanks for the reply, i think i have it now, perhaps it could be done better
http://pastie.org/1186545
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 2:56 PM, Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com wrote:
Hi Norman,
Read my reply again -- that's the second question I answered.
Emile
On 9/28/2010 12:56 AM Norman Khine said...
thanks for the reply. i should have been more specific in my question ;)
the order in which 'other' is listed is not always the last item of
the list as it is dependent on where in the CSV file it is included.
what i was trying to do is to take create the list of dictionary items
and then find the item which has name=='other' and then put this as
the last item in the list.
so from this list http://pastie.org/1185974 how do i select the item
name == 'other' and put it at the end of the list?
On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 11:39 PM, Emile van Sebilleem...@fenx.com
wrote:
On 9/27/2010 1:22 PM Norman Khine said...
what is the correct way to ensure that {'industry': 'travel', 'name':
'other','value': MSG(uOther)} is always added to the end of this
list after all the items have been sorted?
here is the code which returns this list:
options.sort(key=itemgetter('name'))
return options
So, to answer the question you ask above, you can do:
options.sort(key=itemgetter('name'))
options.append({'industry':'travel',
'name':'other','value':MSG(uOther)}
return options
But I don't think that's the question you're looking to get answered.
I think you want other to be found only at the end and not elsewhere.
Then you might try excluding other from options allowing the above to
append
it to the end:
for index, row in enumerate(topics.get_rows()):
if row[0] != 'other':
options.append({'name': row[0], 'value': MSG(row[1])})
HTH,
Emile
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Re: [Tutor] filling 2d array with zeros
On 2:59 PM, Alex Hall wrote: On 9/28/10, Steven D'Apranost...@pearwood.info wrote: snip PyPy is a version of Python written in Python. It has an incredible mission: to eventually produce versions of Python which are faster than pure C, despite being written in Python itself. Although they have a long, long way to go, they are making good progress, and PyPy can now run Python code faster than CPython. PyPy is becoming a generalised Just-In-Time compiler for high-level languages like Python. Okay, I now have to go investigate this and see how it is even possible; somewhere, the Python code has to get down to machine code... Just-in-time compiling (JIT) is taking some high-level construct, such as python byte code or a java class file, and compiling it into machine code, at the time of first execution. Java uses it heavily, to achieve its performance level. The standard CPython does not, but simply interprets those byte codes. One advantage of just-in-time is that the translation can be specific to a particular processor, or even to a particular operating system and operating environment. Conventional compiling is done by the developer, and he has to release multiple versions for multiple platforms. And even then, he seldom takes advantage of the newer instructions of a given processor, which are changing quite frequently. I'm sure there are at least a dozen different instruction supersets of the original Pentium processor, though most of the recent ones are relatively specialized (eg. for hashing, searching, encryption), and likely to affect libraries more than your main program. DaveA ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
I read python from novice to professinal. I also read a lot of online guides sometimes more beneficial than the books. These links should help you http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide http://www.awaretek.com/tutorials.html ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] question
From: rwob...@hotmail.com To: da...@ieee.org Subject: RE: [Tutor] question Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2010 14:22:17 + Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2010 10:02:27 -0400 From: da...@ieee.org To: rwob...@hotmail.com CC: tutor@python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] question On 2:59 PM, Roelof Wobben wrote: Hello, Im now studying this page : http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english2e/ch16.html But I don't get it why aces are now lower then deuces in the cmp function. Roelof Why would you be surprised that aces are lower than deuces? If aces are represented by 1, and deuces by 2, then 1 is less than 2. Notice that because self.suit is compared first, an ace of spades is higher than a deuce of hearts. It's only within the same suit that an ace is less than a deuce. DaveA Hello Dave, In some games in the Netherlands Aces can have a value of 11 or 1 . So if Aces are 11 then Deuces is lesser then Aces. Can I say that the position of the list is a representation of the value. Roelof ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 7:47 AM, Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info wrote: On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 07:37:12 pm Jeremy Jones wrote: Head First Programming: A Learner's Guide to Programming Using the Python Language by David Griffiths and Paul Barry was a great read. It's unconventional (by their nature, all Head First books are), I've never heard of Head First Programming -- how are they unconventional? Both HF Programming (currently out) and HF Python (currently being written) are very example-driven and in the course of each example, introduce a number of concepts. So, rather than having a chapter on lists, the books introduce lists as a part of an evolving example. The conventional approach (in my view) is splitting a book into chapters of such topics as variables, operators, lists, dicts, OO, etc. So, I hope that I conveyed the unconventional as a good thing, because I definitely see it as such. I love these books. Honestly, it's enjoyable to me just to see the craft these folks use to evolve a problem and weave in new concepts all along the way. -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] question
On 9/28/2010 10:22 AM, Roelof Wobben wrote: Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2010 10:02:27 -0400 From: da...@ieee.org To: rwob...@hotmail.com CC: tutor@python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] question On 2:59 PM, Roelof Wobben wrote: Hello, Im now studying this page : http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english2e/ch16.html But I don't get it why aces are now lower then deuces in the cmp function. Roelof Why would you be surprised that aces are lower than deuces? If aces are represented by 1, and deuces by 2, then 1 is less than 2. Notice that because self.suit is compared first, an ace of spades is higher than a deuce of hearts. It's only within the same suit that an ace is less than a deuce. DaveA Hello Dave, In some games in the Netherlands Aces can have a value of 11 or 1 . So if Aces are 11 then Deuces is lesser then Aces. Can I say that the position of the list is a representation of the value. Roelof The class attribute was assigned as follows: ranks = [narf, Ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King] So Ace is at position 1. And if you want an Ace, you'd have to supply a 1 to the constructor. I would certainly agree that in many games this wouldn't be the desired case. Some games specify aces higher than kings, some have no ordering among face cards, some let the player choose. If the Card class needed to cover all cases, then one might need to make the __cmp__() method parameterizable, so that at different times, the cards might sort differently. But this is one implementation of the Card class, and hopefully it's self-consistent in the course. DaveA ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
Norman Khine wrote:
thanks for the reply, i think i have it now, perhaps it could be done
better
topics.sort(key=itemgetter('name'))
for i, t in enumerate(topics):
... for (k, v) in t.iteritems():
... if v == 'other':
... topics.append(topics.pop(i))
...
You should never iterate over a list or dictionary and add or remove items
to it at the same time. That is a recipe for disaster even if it doesn't
fail explicitly*
As Christian Witts explains in the trouble with list.remove() loop thread
you will not see all items.
I suggest that you use a better sort key instead:
def sort_key(topic):
... name = topic[name]
... return name == other, name
...
topics.sort(key=sort_key)
pprint(topics)
[{'industry': 'travel',
'name': 'assistant-manager',
'value': 'Assistant Manager'},
snip
{'industry': 'travel', 'name': 'university', 'value': 'University'},
{'industry': 'travel', 'name': 'other', 'value': 'Other'}]
The above sort_key() checks only the name key for an other value. It
will return a (True, name) tuple if the name is other and (False, name)
else. As
False True
it ensures that topics with topic[name] == other are placed after all
others. If (like your attempt suggests) you want to check all values instead
of just the one associated with the name key use
def sort_key(topic):
return other in topic.itervalues(), topic[name]
Remember that both functions are case-sensitive.
Peter
(*) I'll leave it to Steven D'Aprano to add the fine print ;)
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Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
On 9/28/2010 7:12 AM Norman Khine said... thanks for the reply, i think i have it now, perhaps it could be done better I think I'd use a helper function to sort: def sortOtherToEnd(val): if val['name'] == 'other: return '' return val['name'] #then sort it topics.sort(key=sortOtherToEnd) But, generally, I'd stop once I got it going without worrying too much about 'better' ways -- that's a subjective measure. There is often one obvious way to do it, but unless you've seen that way before, there'll often be many alternatives that work as well. HTH, Emile ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] trouble with list.remove() loop
D Ryan (2) wrote: Hello all, I am currently trying to write a program which can find the solution to a game of hangman. In a part of the program, a user inputs a letter, a tester tells him if the word contains that letter, and then if the answer is no, all words containing that letter are removed from the list of remaining candidates. However, the code I've written seems to remove some, but not all the words containing the letter. Strangely though, if i run it a few more times it gets some of the ones it missed the 1st time round, untill after enough iterations it gets all of them. I cant understand why it doesnt remove all of them the first time round. I have cut the offending code and formatted it to work on its own, and also to fit into a relatively short email. # A sample list of words, one of which is the answer. candidates = [abacus,amazing, ozimandias, a,alphanumeric, functioning] # In the following code, the user has guessed the letter 'a', # and the tester has told him that the letter 'a' is not in the word. user_guess=a tester_response=no # The following code should eliminate all words which contain the letter # 'a', leaving only the word 'functioning' in the list if tester_response in (No,no,n,N,NO): for word in candidates: if user_guess in word: print word, removed.. candidates.remove(word) print candidates Running once gives this output abacus removed.. ozimandias removed.. alphanumeric removed.. ['amazing', 'a', 'functioning'] But if i run it again it successfully removes 'amazing, and the next time it removes 'a', leaving the correct answer. I'm perplexed by this strange behaviour and would be most appreciative of any help. I'm very new to python so apologies for any formatting/style errors, and also for the simplicity of the problem. I'd like to point out a robust method to avoid such pitfalls: create a new list instead of modifying the old one: old_candidates = candidates candidates = [] for word in old_candidates: if user_guess in word: print word, removed else: candidates.append(word) print candidates Often you can simplify that to a list comprehension like candidates = [word for word in candidates if user_guess not in word] Peter ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
thank you, here is the updated version:
http://pastie.org/1186860
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 5:50 PM, Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com wrote:
On 9/28/2010 7:12 AM Norman Khine said...
thanks for the reply, i think i have it now, perhaps it could be done
better
I think I'd use a helper function to sort:
def sortOtherToEnd(val):
if val['name'] == 'other:
return ''
return val['name']
#then sort it
topics.sort(key=sortOtherToEnd)
But, generally, I'd stop once I got it going without worrying too much about
'better' ways -- that's a subjective measure. There is often one obvious
way to do it, but unless you've seen that way before, there'll often be many
alternatives that work as well.
HTH,
Emile
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Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
On 9/28/2010 9:37 AM Norman Khine said... thank you, here is the updated version: http://pastie.org/1186860 The only obvious redundancy is the duplicated sort of options just before the return. You only need the newer sort_key based one. Emile ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] list comprehension, efficiency?
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010, Lie Ryan wrote: On 09/28/10 13:57, Bill Allen wrote: I can now see that quite a bit of the code I write dealing with lists can be done with list comprehensions. My question is this, is the list comprehension styled code generally more efficient at runtime? If so, why? Yes, because the looping in list comprehension is done in C instead of a python construct. However, they are the type of efficiency that you shouldn't bother yourself with unless you're microoptimizing. True enough, but dealing with large lists can be expensive, particularly when appending. Before I discovered sets, I found significant time savings by creating a dictionary, adding as necessary, then use d.keys() to get the keys back. This became a significant factor when I was selecting unique lines from about 1.3 million samples. Bill -- INTERNET: b...@celestial.com Bill Campbell; Celestial Software LLC URL: http://www.celestial.com/ PO Box 820; 6641 E. Mercer Way Voice: (206) 236-1676 Mercer Island, WA 98040-0820 Fax:(206) 232-9186 Skype: jwccsllc (206) 855-5792 Independent self-reliant people would be a counterproductive anachronism in the collective society of the future where people will be defined by their associations. 1896 John Dewey, educational philosopher, proponent of modern public schools. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] if value in list of dictionaries
ok, great.
one thing i wanted to ask is how could i extend the class so that i
can just change the name of the csv file?
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 6:53 PM, Emile van Sebille em...@fenx.com wrote:
On 9/28/2010 9:37 AM Norman Khine said...
thank you, here is the updated version:
http://pastie.org/1186860
The only obvious redundancy is the duplicated sort of options just before
the return. You only need the newer sort_key based one.
Emile
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Re: [Tutor] function error
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 12:35 PM, Nitin Das nitin@gmail.com wrote: It seems that ur turtle.position doesn't return a list because of this when indexing is done on that u get this kind of error. --nitin it seemed to me that kind of error but then i found that it was a list, as expected: $ type(turtle.position()) $ type 'list' $ abs(turtle.position()[0]) 13.858469413370102 that's why i'm going crazy ... On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 3:39 PM, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com wrote: roberto robert...@gmail.com wrote i have the following error when i call this function: 20 def outOfBounds(): --- 21 if abs(turtle.position()[0]) turtle.window_height()/2 or abs(turtle.position()[1]) turtle.window_width()/2: 22 return true 23 else: TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable but i can't really figure out where is the problem with this function 'unsubscriptable'; This means you are trying to use [] on a function. eg you might be doing turtle.position[1] instead of turtle.position()[1] I can't see it in your code sample but I'd check carefully that your parens() all balance correctly and are in the right place... HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - tu...@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- roberto ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] function error
It seems that ur turtle.position doesn't return a list because of this when indexing is done on that u get this kind of error. --nitin it seemed to me that kind of error but then i found that it was a list, as expected: $ type(turtle.position()) $ type 'list' $ abs(turtle.position()[0]) 13.858469413370102 that's why i'm going crazy ... Perhaps if you provide the full traceback from the error (assuming you're still getting this error); tracebacks generally show the offending code as well. It may be something that's simply overlooked but shows in the traceback. On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 3:39 PM, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com wrote: roberto robert...@gmail.com wrote i have the following error when i call this function: 20 def outOfBounds(): --- 21 if abs(turtle.position()[0]) turtle.window_height()/2 or abs(turtle.position()[1]) turtle.window_width()/2: 22 return true 23 else: TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable but i can't really figure out where is the problem with this function 'unsubscriptable'; This means you are trying to use [] on a function. eg you might be doing turtle.position[1] instead of turtle.position()[1] I can't see it in your code sample but I'd check carefully that your parens() all balance correctly and are in the right place... HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- roberto ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Writing a txt from dbf
Hello dear pythonists:
I'm developing an application in python, I'm new using this programming
language I used to work with Java, but in my job my superiors suggested me
to develop in this language.
I'm trying to read a dbf file, I already done it but my code shows me all
the lines without spaces, I want it toshow line per line and then write the
lines into a plain txt file. My code is:
from dbf import *
from string import strip
import sys
def demo1():
a = open (archivo.txt,w)
dbf = Dbf('tapalpa_05_plani_point.dbf',new=False)
for k in dbf:
print '%s'%(strip(k[2]))
l=()
l=(strip(k[2]))
a.write(l)
dbf.close()
a.close()
demo1()
I hope you can help me.
Thank you!
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Re: [Tutor] filling 2d array with zeros
On 9/28/10, Dave Angel da...@ieee.org wrote: On 2:59 PM, Alex Hall wrote: On 9/28/10, Steven D'Apranost...@pearwood.info wrote: snip PyPy is a version of Python written in Python. It has an incredible mission: to eventually produce versions of Python which are faster than pure C, despite being written in Python itself. Although they have a long, long way to go, they are making good progress, and PyPy can now run Python code faster than CPython. PyPy is becoming a generalised Just-In-Time compiler for high-level languages like Python. Okay, I now have to go investigate this and see how it is even possible; somewhere, the Python code has to get down to machine code... Just-in-time compiling (JIT) is taking some high-level construct, such as python byte code or a java class file, and compiling it into machine code, at the time of first execution. Java uses it heavily, to achieve its performance level. The standard CPython does not, but simply interprets those byte codes. One advantage of just-in-time is that the translation can be specific to a particular processor, or even to a particular operating system and operating environment. Conventional compiling is done by the developer, and he has to release multiple versions for multiple platforms. And even then, he seldom takes advantage of the newer instructions of a given processor, which are changing quite frequently. I'm sure there are at least a dozen different instruction supersets of the original Pentium processor, though most of the recent ones are relatively specialized (eg. for hashing, searching, encryption), and likely to affect libraries more than your main program. Thanks for the info. That explains why Pypy said it only works on Intel-based systems for the moment, and why special things must be done for 64-bit processors. DaveA -- Have a great day, Alex (msg sent from GMail website) mehg...@gmail.com; http://www.facebook.com/mehgcap ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] question
From: rwob...@hotmail.com To: da...@ieee.org Subject: RE: [Tutor] question Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2010 19:14:29 + Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2010 10:49:28 -0400 From: da...@ieee.org To: rwob...@hotmail.com; tutor@python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] question On 9/28/2010 10:22 AM, Roelof Wobben wrote: Date: Tue, 28 Sep 2010 10:02:27 -0400 From: da...@ieee.org To: rwob...@hotmail.com CC: tutor@python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] question On 2:59 PM, Roelof Wobben wrote: Hello, Im now studying this page : http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english2e/ch16.html But I don't get it why aces are now lower then deuces in the cmp function. Roelof Why would you be surprised that aces are lower than deuces? If aces are represented by 1, and deuces by 2, then 1 is less than 2. Notice that because self.suit is compared first, an ace of spades is higher than a deuce of hearts. It's only within the same suit that an ace is less than a deuce. DaveA Hello Dave, In some games in the Netherlands Aces can have a value of 11 or 1 . So if Aces are 11 then Deuces is lesser then Aces. Can I say that the position of the list is a representation of the value. Roelof The class attribute was assigned as follows: ranks = [narf, Ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King] So Ace is at position 1. And if you want an Ace, you'd have to supply a 1 to the constructor. I would certainly agree that in many games this wouldn't be the desired case. Some games specify aces higher than kings, some have no ordering among face cards, some let the player choose. If the Card class needed to cover all cases, then one might need to make the __cmp__() method parameterizable, so that at different times, the cards might sort differently. But this is one implementation of the Card class, and hopefully it's self-consistent in the course. DaveA Oke, Thanks. Then now figuring out how to solve this problem : Modify __cmp__ so that Aces are ranked higher than Kings So aces with value 1 must be higher then Kings with 11 I think I have to make another rule in the rank part like this If self.rank = Aces and self.rank = Kings then return -1 or 1 Tomorrrow I will investigate this. Roelof ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Fwd: Writing a txt from dbf
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 2:33 PM, Susana Iraiis Delgado Rodriguez
susana.delgad...@utzmg.edu.mx wrote:
Hello dear pythonists:
I'm developing an application in python, I'm new using this programming
language I used to work with Java, but in my job my superiors suggested me
to develop in this language.
I'm trying to read a dbf file, I already done it but my code shows me all
the lines without spaces, I want it toshow line per line and then write the
lines into a plain txt file. My code is:
from dbf import *
from string import strip
import sys
def demo1():
a = open (archivo.txt,w)
dbf = Dbf('tapalpa_05_plani_point.dbf',new=False)
for k in dbf:
print '%s'%(strip(k[2]))
l=()
l=(strip(k[2]))
a.write(l)
dbf.close()
a.close()
demo1()
I hope you can help me.
Thank you!
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I was going to run your code, but I am not sure what dbf module you
are using. I am running UBUNTU 9.10 and can't find a dbf module in
the repository.
What are you running?
--
Joel Goldstick
--
Joel Goldstick
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Re: [Tutor] Operating in Place
On Wed, Sep 29, 2010 at 1:33 AM, Corey Richardson kb1...@aim.com wrote: Hello tutors. I hate doing this: string = string.lower() Is there a way to do it without the string = part? Thanks. 1. string is a module which is deprecated. You should probably use str or s in your example. 2. strings in python are immutable. If you need to change something, you need to create a new string. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- ~l0nwlf ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Operating in Place
On 28-Sep-10 13:03, Corey Richardson wrote: I hate doing this: string = string.lower() Is there a way to do it without the string = part? Thanks. Depends on the class. In this specific case, string objects are immutable (for some good reasons which are beyond the immediate point), so once created, they can't be changed. They can, of course, be used to create new strings, which is what string.lower() is doing. And that new string is then given the name string again, replacing the old string object (which may still have other names referencing it elsewhere). If you were wanting to modify a mutable object in-place, Python would be happy to oblige. But not strings. Sorry :) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Operating in Place
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 3:03 PM, Corey Richardson kb1...@aim.com wrote: Hello tutors. I hate doing this: string = string.lower() Is there a way to do it without the string = part? Thanks. I suppose the best answer is it depends on what you are doing with string after you do string.lower() you can use the string.lower() directly in IF statements and such without worry a = TEST if a.lower() == test: do stuff works for me.even on the new 3.1 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] generating independent random numbers
Thanks for the replies, Dave and Joel. The reason I'm not just using the
time or datetime modules for a random date is because it's restricted to
1970-2038; I'm pulling dates from 1600-3099. Thanks a lot for the pointer
about the leap years, Dave, as well the class instances; just updated it and
it's all working now, and also included the rest of the code too w/ answer
verification and time tracking.
I want to start using this program to test myself for speed calculation
using Zeller's formula, it's pretty cool for determining the days of dates -
http://mathforum.org/dr/math/faq/faq.calendar.html
Because of the way variables C and D are split up from the year in the
formula, I split up the year for self.c and self.y.
import random, time, datetime, calendar
class Date:
def __init__(self):
self.c = random.randint(16,30)
self.y = random.randint(0,99)
self.month = random.randint(1,12)
self.year = self.c*100 + self.y
apr = [4,6,9,11]
feb = [2]
notleap = [1700, 1800, 1900, 3000]
if self.month in feb:
if self.year%4 == 0:
if self.year in notleap:
self.k = random.randint(1,28)
else:
self.k = random.randint(1,29)
else:
self.k = random.randint(1,28)
elif self.month in apr:
self.k = random.randint(1,30)
else:
self.k = random.randint(1,31)
if self.month in [1,2]:
d = self.y - 1
m = self.month + 10
else:
d = self.y
m = self.month - 2
z = self.k + (13*m-1)/5 + d + d/4 + self.c/4 - 2*self.c
if z 0:
r = (abs(z)/7)*7 + z + 7
else:
r = z%7
dict = { 0: 'Sunday', 1: 'Monday', 2: 'Tuesday', 3: 'Wednesday', 4:
'Thursday', 5: 'Friday', 6: 'Saturday' }
self.day = dict[r]
t1m = time.localtime().tm_min
t1s = time.localtime().tm_sec
t1 = t1m + t1s/100.0
n = 0
x = 0
while n 10:
newdate = Date()
print '\n',calendar.month_name[newdate.month], newdate.k,',',
newdate.year,'=',
answer = raw_input()
if answer.capitalize() == newdate.day:
pass
else:
x += 1
n += 1
t2m = time.localtime().tm_min
t2s = time.localtime().tm_sec
t2 = t2m + t2s/100.0
td = t2 - t1
print '\n',x,'out of 10 wrong\nAvg time/question:',td/10,'\nTotal time:',td
On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 10:21 PM, Dave Angel da...@ieee.org wrote:
On 2:59 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
On Tue, 28 Sep 2010 08:55:36 am Carter Danforth wrote:
class Date:
c = random.randint(16,30)
y = random.randint(0,99)
month = random.randint(1,12)
Here's your problem: you are creating a class where all the attributes
(called members in some other languages) belong to the class and are
shared by all instances.
Python classes are themselves objects, and the code inside the class
body gets executed *once*, when the class is created. So in this case,
the Date class chooses a single random month, *once*, and all instances
share this attribute Date.month.
To get the behaviour you are after, you need to use instance attributes,
which means referring to self. The usual place to do this is in the
__init__ method, which is called when the instance is being
initialised:
class Date:
def __init__(self):
self.month = random.randint(1,12)
# etc.
By the way, why do you calculate a century and year separately, then add
c+y to get the year? It would be easier to just say:
year = random.randint(1600, 3099)
That's the big problem, although it's also worth pointing out that you'll
need a new instance each time through the loop. It's not enough to call
Date(), you also have to bind it to a name, and use that name for attribute
lookup.So something like
mydate = Date()
year = mydate.y +
But there are at least a few subtle problems left. One is that many of the
years are divisible by four but do not have 29 days in February. For
example, 1800, 1900, 2100 are not leap years.
Next problem is that the dates are not evenly distributed over the entire
range of years. The 14th of February will be more likely to be chosen than
the sixth of July. You can decide that this is deliberate, but it is a
consideration.
Third, the program doesn't do anything to check the user's answer. For
that matter, there's no timing going on either.
Depending on the learning goals of this project, I'd consider using the
datetime module, and method:
mydate = date.fromordinal(*ordinal*)
Now you can make a single randint() call, once you precalculate the
starting and ending dates desired. And this module also gives you other
things you need, such as the weekday() method.
DaveA
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Re: [Tutor] Operating in Place
On Wed, 29 Sep 2010 06:03:21 am Corey Richardson wrote: Hello tutors. I hate doing this: string = string.lower() Is there a way to do it without the string = part? Thanks. No, strings are immutable. Once they're created, they cannot be changed. This is no different from: x = 42 x = x/2 # or x /= 2 if you prefer instead of: x = 42 x/2 As an alternative you could look at the UserString module, and the MutableString class it includes, but MutableString has some serious limitations and is not really meant for serious work. But it might do the job you want. -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Writing a txt from dbf
On Wed, 29 Sep 2010 04:33:51 am Susana Iraiis Delgado Rodriguez wrote:
Hello dear pythonists:
I'm developing an application in python, I'm new using this
programming language I used to work with Java, but in my job my
superiors suggested me to develop in this language.
I'm trying to read a dbf file, I already done it but my code shows me
all the lines without spaces, I want it toshow line per line and then
write the lines into a plain txt file.
I am not sure what you mean. My guess is that you want something like:
alpha
beta
gamma
delta
in the file, but instead you get:
alphabetagammadelta
Am I right?
My code is:
from dbf import *
from string import strip
There is no need for this any more, as the functions in the string
module are now also available as string methods. So instead of:
import string
print string.lower(my_string)
you can write:
my_string.lower()
import sys
def demo1():
a = open (archivo.txt,w)
dbf = Dbf('tapalpa_05_plani_point.dbf',new=False)
As a matter of style, it is normal to use 4 spaces for indents, not 1.
You are welcome to use whatever you like in your own code, but many
people find 1 space indents hard to see and so when writing for others
(such as when asking a question here) you should use at least 2 spaces.
for k in dbf:
print '%s'%(strip(k[2]))
The print command automatically adds a newline after the string, so each
printed string should be on its own line. But later, when you write the
string to the file, you must add the newline yourself.
l=()
l=(strip(k[2]))
a.write(l)
There's no need to clear l with the line l=() first. Just write:
l = k[2].strip()
a.write(l + '\n')
--
Steven D'Aprano
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Re: [Tutor] Operating in Place
On Wed, 29 Sep 2010 06:12:20 am Shashwat Anand wrote: On Wed, Sep 29, 2010 at 1:33 AM, Corey Richardson kb1...@aim.com wrote: Hello tutors. I hate doing this: string = string.lower() Is there a way to do it without the string = part? Thanks. 1. string is a module which is deprecated. You should probably use str or s in your example. Actually, in this case Corey is not using the string module, but is using string as the name of a variable. -- Steven D'Aprano ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] using in with a dictionary
Hi all, yet again:
I have a dictionary that will look something like:
d={
(1,2):a,
(3,4):b
}
How can I say:
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
This is false, so I expect to have to use d.keys, but I am not quite sure how.
I will be using this in a loop, and I have to know if there is a key
in the dictionary called (i,j) and, if there is, I have to grab the
value at that slot. If not I have to print something else. When I
tried in in the interpreter, I got something about builtin function
not being iterable. TIA for any suggestions.
--
Have a great day,
Alex (msg sent from GMail website)
mehg...@gmail.com; http://www.facebook.com/mehgcap
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Re: [Tutor] using in with a dictionary
On Tue, Sep 28, 2010 at 4:58 PM, Alex Hall mehg...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi all, yet again:
I have a dictionary that will look something like:
d={
(1,2):a,
(3,4):b
}
How can I say:
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
This is false, so I expect to have to use d.keys, but I am not quite sure
how.
I will be using this in a loop, and I have to know if there is a key
in the dictionary called (i,j) and, if there is, I have to grab the
value at that slot. If not I have to print something else. When I
tried in in the interpreter, I got something about builtin function
not being iterable. TIA for any suggestions.
d = {(1,2):a}
if (1,2) in d:
... print d[(1,2)]
...
a
you tried that?
-Wayne
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Re: [Tutor] using in with a dictionary
On 28-Sep-10 14:58, Alex Hall wrote:
Hi all, yet again:
I have a dictionary that will look something like:
d={
(1,2):a,
(3,4):b
}
How can I say:
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
Did you try this? It looks fine to me as it is.
(1,2) is an immutable value (a tuple), so it is able to be used as a
dictionary key.
if (1,2) in d
is perfectly valid, and would yield the True value as a result
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
also is fine. What specifically happens when you try this?
This is false, so I expect to have to use d.keys, but I am not quite sure how.
I will be using this in a loop, and I have to know if there is a key
in the dictionary called (i,j) and, if there is, I have to grab the
value at that slot. If not I have to print something else. When I
tried in in the interpreter, I got something about builtin function
not being iterable. TIA for any suggestions.
Sounds like there's more in your code than in your question. If you
give us a more complete picture of what you're doing, we can likely be
more helpful to you.
if i=1 and j=2, then:
if (i,j) in d
would also be true.
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Re: [Tutor] using in with a dictionary
On Wed, 29 Sep 2010 07:58:28 am Alex Hall wrote:
Hi all, yet again:
I have a dictionary that will look something like:
d={
(1,2):a,
(3,4):b
}
How can I say:
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
Exactly like that:
d = {(1,2): 'a', (3,4): 'b'}
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
...
a
This is false, so I expect to have to use d.keys, but I am not quite
sure how. I will be using this in a loop, and I have to know if there
is a key in the dictionary called (i,j) and, if there is, I have to
grab the value at that slot. If not I have to print something else.
When I tried in in the interpreter, I got something about builtin
function not being iterable. TIA for any suggestions.
Without knowing exactly what you wrote, and what error you got, I have
no clue why you got that.
--
Steven D'Aprano
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Re: [Tutor] using in with a dictionary
On 28 September 2010 23:58, Alex Hall mehg...@gmail.com wrote:
Hi all, yet again:
I have a dictionary that will look something like:
d={
(1,2):a,
(3,4):b
}
How can I say:
if (1,2) in d: print d[(1,2)]
This will work fine.
This is false
Not it is not..
d = {(1,2):a,(3,4):b}
(1,2) in d
True
, so I expect to have to use d.keys, but I am not quite sure how.
I will be using this in a loop, and I have to know if there is a key
in the dictionary called (i,j) and, if there is, I have to grab the
value at that slot. If not I have to print something else.
d = {1:a,2:b}
for x in range(1,4):
if x in d:
print Found %s in dict d and has value %s % (x, d[x])
else:
print Value %s is not in dict d % x
Found 1 in dict d and has value a
Found 2 in dict d and has value b
Value 3 is not in dict d
When I tried in in the interpreter, I got something about builtin function
not being iterable. TIA for any suggestions.
What was the code you tried out? Please do provide this as it helps
figure out what was going on.
Greets
Sander
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Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who never programmed before or have no experience in programming
making games is the best way to learn programming, and the book is free http://programming.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474978440241 ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] I am looking for a book on Beginners who neverprogrammed before or have no experience in programming
Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info wrote I've never heard of Head First Programming -- how are they unconventional? They are a bit too cutesy for my liking, slow to get to any depth but engaging for the sound-byte generation. Lots of cartoons and jokes. I'd say its a bit like O'Reilly's take on the Dummies books. I was briefly involved in reviewing an early HF Python book but it was so badly done the project was scrapped while they found a new writing team. They obviously have done this and I hope its now a good book because I could see the merit in the style. But cute style still needs accurate content! I will be looking out for it in my local bookshop, the editorial team were very keen to see that the end product should be good. Alan G. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] generating independent random numbers
On 9/28/2010 5:11 PM, Carter Danforth wrote:
Thanks for the replies, Dave and Joel. The reason I'm not just using the
time or datetime modules for a random date is because it's restricted to
1970-2038; I'm pulling dates from 1600-3099. Thanks a lot for the pointer
about the leap years, Dave, as well the class instances; just updated it and
it's all working now, and also included the rest of the code too w/ answer
verification and time tracking.
I want to start using this program to test myself for speed calculation
using Zeller's formula, it's pretty cool for determining the days of dates -
http://mathforum.org/dr/math/faq/faq.calendar.html
Because of the way variables C and D are split up from the year in the
formula, I split up the year for self.c and self.y.
import random, time, datetime, calendar
class Date:
def __init__(self):
self.c = random.randint(16,30)
self.y = random.randint(0,99)
self.month = random.randint(1,12)
self.year = self.c*100 + self.y
apr = [4,6,9,11]
feb = [2]
notleap = [1700, 1800, 1900, 3000]
if self.month in feb:
if self.year%4 == 0:
if self.year in notleap:
self.k = random.randint(1,28)
else:
self.k = random.randint(1,29)
else:
self.k = random.randint(1,28)
elif self.month in apr:
self.k = random.randint(1,30)
else:
self.k = random.randint(1,31)
if self.month in [1,2]:
d = self.y - 1
m = self.month + 10
else:
d = self.y
m = self.month - 2
z = self.k + (13*m-1)/5 + d + d/4 + self.c/4 - 2*self.c
if z 0:
r = (abs(z)/7)*7 + z + 7
else:
r = z%7
dict = { 0: 'Sunday', 1: 'Monday', 2: 'Tuesday', 3: 'Wednesday', 4:
'Thursday', 5: 'Friday', 6: 'Saturday' }
self.day = dict[r]
t1m = time.localtime().tm_min
t1s = time.localtime().tm_sec
t1 = t1m + t1s/100.0
n = 0
x = 0
while n 10:
newdate = Date()
print '\n',calendar.month_name[newdate.month], newdate.k,',',
newdate.year,'=',
answer = raw_input()
if answer.capitalize() == newdate.day:
pass
else:
x += 1
n += 1
t2m = time.localtime().tm_min
t2s = time.localtime().tm_sec
t2 = t2m + t2s/100.0
td = t2 - t1
print '\n',x,'out of 10 wrong\nAvg time/question:',td/10,'\nTotal time:',td
snip
(You top-posted your response, so your message is out of order)
I haven't tried to run your code, but there is at least one problem.
Your notleap list is very incomplete.
notleap = [1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2900, 3000]
I'm a little suspicious of your version of Zeller. I wouldn't think
that last term should have a 2* in it.
I'm not sure why you use a dictionary to calculate self.day. A list
would work just as well.
DaveA
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