Not all internals. Many kernel drivers (notably bus drivers) still use an
OEM 8 bit encoding in their debugging log (based on an US English locale
most often even if the installed version if localized to another version;
but I've seen CP850 still used; and you can see some samples in the Event
macOS, and its offspring, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS, use UTF-16LE for all
internals, but readily import and export all versions of Unicode and a good
many historic 8-bit and mixed-length codings.
In the new Swift programming language, which is white-hot in the Apple
community, Apple is moving
A better question is what is the default character encoding for the
**installed** operating system.
Unfortunately it has no single response, because there are several default
encodings for several parts of the OS. An OS has lots of components, many
of them don't are transparent to the encoding it
Linux is far less specific than Windows 10. In all recent versions of
Debian GNU/Linux, UTF-8 is the most common character encoding, but it is
still supported to use ISO-8859-x or I believe even something like EUC-JP.
Other distributions may enforce UTF-8 or in rare cases ISO 8859-1 or even
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