Re: [Vo]:"Type A nickel" ?

[mixent]

In reply to  Jones Beene's message of Tue, 13 Jun 2017 15:34:54 -0700:
Hi,
[snip]
>Electrolysis reactions would be more difficult to accomplish with powder 
>- and since this proposed work-around for silver/nickel insolubility 
>involves metal powders and mechanical alloying a different geometry 
>would be needed for the cell. However, powder has been used for 
>electrolysis electrodes before (as a colloid) - and it could be worth 
>the effort.
>
Just put the powder electrode on the bottom, and gravity will keep it in place.
Regards,

Robin van Spaandonk

http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Axil Axil]

LENR theorists have been looking for the special particle that can absorb
high energy from a nuclear reaction for years.  That particle has been
given many names over the year, but for me that special particle is the
polariton, a particle made of light.

On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 8:04 PM, CB Sites  wrote:

> Y.E. Kim also has an interesting theory paper that demonstrates the
> possibility of a high temperature BEC for the hydrons.  I think it was
> constrained in a lattice as well.
> I always thought that would be an excellent research topic, the formation
> of hydron BECS in solids, there detection and measurement.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 7:49 PM, CB Sites  wrote:
>
>> I'm kind of late on this, but would spin conservation do what Ed Storm
>> asked?
>>
>> "However, why would only a few hydrons fuse leaving just enough unreacted
>> hydrons available to carry all the energy without it producing
>> energetic radiation? I would expect occasionally,many hydrons would fuse
>> leaving too few unreacted hydrons so that the dissipated energy
>> would have to be very energetic and easily detected."
>>
>>   If I remember, Steve and Talbot Chubbs had proposed that bose band
>> states could distribute the energy over many nucleons
>> in the band state.  In a 1D kronig-penny model of a periodic potential, H
>> and D form bands and their band energy levels are separated by a
>> 0.2eV, which means when 20MeV is spread across the band, the spectrum
>> would be 20MeV / (n * 0.2eV) where n are the number of hyrons
>> making up the band.  That's just back of the envelope using a 2D
>> kronig-penny period potential.  And all of that photon energy spread over
>> n-hydrons gets dumped right back into the lattice.  Similar in a sense to
>> the Mossbauer effect.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 6:50 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>>
>>> http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2017/jun/12/superfl
>>> uid-polaritons-seen-at-room-temperature
>>>
>>> Superfluid polaritons seen at room temperature
>>>
>>> the polaritons behave like a fluid that can flow without friction around
>>> obstacles, which were formed by using a laser to burn small holes in the
>>> organic material. This is interpreted by the researchers as being a
>>> signature of the superfluid behaviour.
>>>
>>> there might be some sort of link between a superfluid and a
>>> Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) – the latter being a state of matter in
>>> which all constituent particles have condensed into a single quantum state.
>>> He was proved right in 1995 when superfluidity was observed in BECs made
>>> from ultracold atoms
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 1:54 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>>>
 A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
 These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
 level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.

 On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
 wrote:

> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.
> The smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small 
> as
> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>
> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the
> energy levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They
> never, however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms
> wide condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm
> thermal vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy
> excitation.  This again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or
> shrunken atoms at work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle
> that yields the required energy.
>
> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per
> second.
>
> Frank Z
>
>
>
>

>>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[CB Sites]

Y.E. Kim also has an interesting theory paper that demonstrates the
possibility of a high temperature BEC for the hydrons.  I think it was
constrained in a lattice as well.
I always thought that would be an excellent research topic, the formation
of hydron BECS in solids, there detection and measurement.






On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 7:49 PM, CB Sites  wrote:

> I'm kind of late on this, but would spin conservation do what Ed Storm
> asked?
>
> "However, why would only a few hydrons fuse leaving just enough unreacted
> hydrons available to carry all the energy without it producing
> energetic radiation? I would expect occasionally,many hydrons would fuse
> leaving too few unreacted hydrons so that the dissipated energy
> would have to be very energetic and easily detected."
>
>   If I remember, Steve and Talbot Chubbs had proposed that bose band
> states could distribute the energy over many nucleons
> in the band state.  In a 1D kronig-penny model of a periodic potential, H
> and D form bands and their band energy levels are separated by a
> 0.2eV, which means when 20MeV is spread across the band, the spectrum
> would be 20MeV / (n * 0.2eV) where n are the number of hyrons
> making up the band.  That's just back of the envelope using a 2D
> kronig-penny period potential.  And all of that photon energy spread over
> n-hydrons gets dumped right back into the lattice.  Similar in a sense to
> the Mossbauer effect.
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 6:50 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2017/jun/12/superfl
>> uid-polaritons-seen-at-room-temperature
>>
>> Superfluid polaritons seen at room temperature
>>
>> the polaritons behave like a fluid that can flow without friction around
>> obstacles, which were formed by using a laser to burn small holes in the
>> organic material. This is interpreted by the researchers as being a
>> signature of the superfluid behaviour.
>>
>> there might be some sort of link between a superfluid and a Bose–Einstein
>> condensate (BEC) – the latter being a state of matter in which all
>> constituent particles have condensed into a single quantum state. He was
>> proved right in 1995 when superfluidity was observed in BECs made from
>> ultracold atoms
>>
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 1:54 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>>
>>> A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
>>> These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
>>> level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.
>>>
>>> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
>>> wrote:
>>>
 Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
 smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
 Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
 this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
 energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
 accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.

 The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the
 energy levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They
 never, however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms
 wide condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm
 thermal vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy
 excitation.  This again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or
 shrunken atoms at work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle
 that yields the required energy.

 Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per
 second.

 Frank Z




>>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[CB Sites]

I'm kind of late on this, but would spin conservation do what Ed Storm
asked?

"However, why would only a few hydrons fuse leaving just enough unreacted
hydrons available to carry all the energy without it producing
energetic radiation? I would expect occasionally,many hydrons would fuse
leaving too few unreacted hydrons so that the dissipated energy
would have to be very energetic and easily detected."

  If I remember, Steve and Talbot Chubbs had proposed that bose band states
could distribute the energy over many nucleons
in the band state.  In a 1D kronig-penny model of a periodic potential, H
and D form bands and their band energy levels are separated by a
0.2eV, which means when 20MeV is spread across the band, the spectrum would
be 20MeV / (n * 0.2eV) where n are the number of hyrons
making up the band.  That's just back of the envelope using a 2D
kronig-penny period potential.  And all of that photon energy spread over
n-hydrons gets dumped right back into the lattice.  Similar in a sense to
the Mossbauer effect.





On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 6:50 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2017/jun/12/
> superfluid-polaritons-seen-at-room-temperature
>
> Superfluid polaritons seen at room temperature
>
> the polaritons behave like a fluid that can flow without friction around
> obstacles, which were formed by using a laser to burn small holes in the
> organic material. This is interpreted by the researchers as being a
> signature of the superfluid behaviour.
>
> there might be some sort of link between a superfluid and a Bose–Einstein
> condensate (BEC) – the latter being a state of matter in which all
> constituent particles have condensed into a single quantum state. He was
> proved right in 1995 when superfluidity was observed in BECs made from
> ultracold atoms
>
>
>
> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 1:54 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
>> These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
>> level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.
>>
>> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
>>> smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
>>> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
>>> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
>>> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
>>> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>>>
>>> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the energy
>>> levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They never,
>>> however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms wide
>>> condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm thermal
>>> vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy excitation.  This
>>> again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or shrunken atoms at
>>> work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle that yields the
>>> required energy.
>>>
>>> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per second.
>>>
>>> Frank Z
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Axil Axil]

Magnetic-monopole transformation seen in ultracold gas
[image: Artist's impression of the monopole transition]

Poles apart: artist's impression of the monopole transition


The transformation of a quantum monopole into a Dirac monopole has been
observed for the first time by physicists at Amherst College in the US and
Aalto University in Finland. Magnetic monopoles – entities that possess
only a north or a south magnetic pole – were predicted 80 years ago by Paul
Dirac. While isolated monopoles have never been seen, physicists have been
able to create several different collective excitations in condensed-matter
systems that resemble monopoles. Now, a team led by David Hall
 and Mikko Möttönen
 has used a Bose–Einstein
condensate (BEC) of ultracold rubidium atoms to first create an excitation
called a quantum monopole, which takes the form of a topological point
defect. The quantum monopole exists in a non-magnetized state of the BEC,
but then the team applies a magnetic field to the BEC, causing it to become
magnetized. This causes the destruction of the quantum monopole, which is
then reborn as a Dirac monopole – an excitation that more closely resembles
Dirac's original particle. "I was jumping in the air when I saw for the
first time that we get a Dirac monopole from the decay," says Möttönen.
"This discovery nicely ties together the monopoles we have been producing
over the years." The research is described in *Physical Review X*
.

On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 6:50 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2017/jun/12/
> superfluid-polaritons-seen-at-room-temperature
>
> Superfluid polaritons seen at room temperature
>
> the polaritons behave like a fluid that can flow without friction around
> obstacles, which were formed by using a laser to burn small holes in the
> organic material. This is interpreted by the researchers as being a
> signature of the superfluid behaviour.
>
> there might be some sort of link between a superfluid and a Bose–Einstein
> condensate (BEC) – the latter being a state of matter in which all
> constituent particles have condensed into a single quantum state. He was
> proved right in 1995 when superfluidity was observed in BECs made from
> ultracold atoms
>
>
>
> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 1:54 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
>> These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
>> level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.
>>
>> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
>>> smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
>>> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
>>> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
>>> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
>>> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>>>
>>> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the energy
>>> levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They never,
>>> however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms wide
>>> condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm thermal
>>> vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy excitation.  This
>>> again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or shrunken atoms at
>>> work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle that yields the
>>> required energy.
>>>
>>> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per second.
>>>
>>> Frank Z
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Axil Axil]

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2017/jun/12/superfluid-polaritons-seen-at-room-temperature

Superfluid polaritons seen at room temperature

the polaritons behave like a fluid that can flow without friction around
obstacles, which were formed by using a laser to burn small holes in the
organic material. This is interpreted by the researchers as being a
signature of the superfluid behaviour.

there might be some sort of link between a superfluid and a Bose–Einstein
condensate (BEC) – the latter being a state of matter in which all
constituent particles have condensed into a single quantum state. He was
proved right in 1995 when superfluidity was observed in BECs made from
ultracold atoms



On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 1:54 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
> These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
> level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.
>
> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
> wrote:
>
>> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
>> smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
>> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
>> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
>> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
>> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>>
>> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the energy
>> levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They never,
>> however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms wide
>> condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm thermal
>> vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy excitation.  This
>> again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or shrunken atoms at
>> work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle that yields the
>> required energy.
>>
>> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per second.
>>
>> Frank Z
>>
>>
>>
>>
>

[Vo]:"Type A nickel" ?

[Jones Beene]

Much has been said about Type A palladium and its special reactivity 
with hydrogen, some of which is due to the alloy being one fourth 
silver. Since pure palladium doesn't work as well, it might be said that 
most of the reactivity seen in cold fusion has been due to the special 
properties of the alloy, which is a 3:1 ratio (75% Pd 25% Ag).


In many ways, nickel can be considered to be a surrogate of palladium. 
Nickel resides directly under Pd in the Periodic table, and has an 
identical valence electron structure. This leads one to wonder about an 
alloy of nickel and silver, based on transposing the results of cold 
fusion to protium, instead of deuterium.


Unfortunately, in the historical context - and going back 300 years in 
metallurgy, the term "nickel silver" refers to a well known alloy of 
copper, nickel and zinc which contains zero silver. Essentially, nickel 
silver is a brass alloy that looks like much like the more expensive 
silver and is much stronger and more durable - making it a great 
substitute for most common uses.


This old alloy was created to serve exactly the same purpose as silver 
for attractive shinny flatware but not as prohibitively expensive - 
about 20 times less expensive per unit of weight than silver. This 
semantic confusion did not lead to neglect of finding a real alloy of 
nickel and silver since these two metals are indeed mutually insoluble. 
They do not mix. That kind of insolubility is somewhat unusual in itself 
for metals so similar - but basically the two metals do NOT alloy by 
melting together as is commonly done.


However, this proposed LENR alloy which I will call "Type A Nickel" in 
the 3:1 ratio has been studied in another context - and found to have 
exceptional properties for water splitting. To accomplish this they had 
to go to extraordinary lengths to achieve an alloy. There are very few 
papers on this because of the lack of a commercial alloy which can be 
purchased.


BUT ... there is a strong suspicion that "Type A Nickel" could be 
special for replacing pure nickel in LENR. This assumes that silver is 
reactive in its own right for a nuclear reaction, such as in the 
protonation reaction Robin mentioned in another thread.


BTW - In the paper "Nickel–silver alloy electrocatalysts for hydrogen 
evolution and oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte"  Tang and others 
showed that the NiAg alloy is an excellent catalyst for the hydrogen 
evolution reaction. Based on the free energy of adsorbed hydrogen, 
theory predicts that alloys of nickel and silver are very active for 
these type of hydride reactions and they are. The alloy is  just hard to 
make or else you would have heard about it before now.


Basically - the Type A Nickel could work better for NiH reactions than 
nickel, since it is twice as reactive for water splitting (as defined in 
their test) which needs to be proven out. This testing has been 
neglected in the past - due to the lack of electrodes... for which there 
is a work-around. That is what I propose to add: an easy work around at 
least for some experiments.


My suggestion to anyone contemplating a gas phase reaction is to try 
mixing nickel-black and silver-black in a high speed ball mill, in a 
ratio of 3:1 --- where mechanical alloying is expected. Then, use this 
composite powder instead of nickel. Mechanical alloying is special in 
its own way and could add something akin to surface treatment.


Electrolysis reactions would be more difficult to accomplish with powder 
- and since this proposed work-around for silver/nickel insolubility 
involves metal powders and mechanical alloying a different geometry 
would be needed for the cell. However, powder has been used for 
electrolysis electrodes before (as a colloid) - and it could be worth 
the effort.

Re: [Vo]:The recent ICCF18 (Defkcalion Demo)

[Kevin O'Malley]

I'm so embarrassed.   It was a typo.   BCSNF.   It pops right up in the
search.


Roseanna Roseannadanna:  Never Mind
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fs-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com%2F736x%2Fab%2Fb3%2F90%2Fabb39060e3e4b92a17aa9ead62137baf.jpg=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Flisasunshinegrl%2Fgilda-radner-from-snl%2F=algLkuaucCL2RM=JHTmomKhjv8viM%3A=10ahUKEwjF-dLy6bvUAhXj6oMKHdURD1kQMwhGKA0wDQ..i=500=500=en=616=1149=rosanna%20rosannadanna%20never%20mind=0ahUKEwjF-dLy6bvUAhXj6oMKHdURD1kQMwhGKA0wDQ=mrc=8

On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 2:57 PM, Kevin O'Malley  wrote:

> I did a search for BCNSF and it came up with nothing.   But yet, here it
> is.
>
> On Tue, Jul 30, 2013 at 9:45 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> *http://coldfusionnow.org/iccf-18-day-5-presentations-and-awards/
>> *
>>
>>
>>
>> *ICCF-18 Day 5: Presentations and Awards
>> *
>>
>>
>>
>> *An excerpt from the reference.*
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> *Theoretical Analysis and Reaction Mechanisms for Experimental Results of
>> Hydrogen-Nickel Systems presented by Yeong Kim was anticipated because of
>> his recent collaboration with Defkalion Green Technologies, who beamed in a
>> video of their demonstration of the R-5 reactor in Milan on Tuesday.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *The Hyperion reactor contains a core of nickel metal foam. Heating the
>> system to 180 C – 849 C, the Hyperion is then triggered, after which the
>> magnetic field rose 0.6 to 1.6 Tesla.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *Kim says, “This indicates that LENRs are producing very strong electric
>> fields E, currents I, and magnetic fields B.”*
>>
>>
>>
>> *ICCF-18fKim reported Defkalion tests produced excess heat only with the
>> even isotopes of Ni (58, 60, 62, and 64), whereas odd isotopes do not
>> produce excess heat (61).*
>>
>>
>>
>> *No gammas outside of 50 keV to 300 keV were detected from the Hyperion. *
>>
>>
>>
>> *Graphs were shown of an excess heat run, and a control run, where the
>> data showed the power can be cut-off at will, revealing the ability to
>> control the reaction.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *Kim then began to describe his theoretical explanation of the data. He
>> speculated that in the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (FPE), two deuterons making
>> a Helium-4 require a symmetric release of energy, to conserve total
>> momentum.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *For two-particles exiting the reaction, his model shows lower
>> probability.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *“The problem is solved”, says Kim, and he is willing to talk to other
>> theorists to help convince them.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *He then described Boson Cluster-State Nuclear Fusion (BCSNF) generalized
>> to include Hydrogen-Metal Systems. While there are still some unknowns,
>> namely the S-factor representing the nuclear force strength, and the
>> probability of the Boson Cluster State (BCS), the predicted reaction rates
>> can be compared with the experimental reaction rates.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *Kim speculated that the magnetic fields generated by the triggering
>> could provide magnetic alignments of Nickel atoms, and these could provide
>> localized magnetic trap (LMT) potentials for Boson clusters on the surface
>> of Ni powders, though these traps have short lifetimes.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *It is Rydberg atoms that then form the BEC cluster state.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *“H and Ni powders triggered by glow discharge created a magnetic field
>> causing Rydberg states allowing nano-scale localized magnetic traps,
>> allowing Hydrogen Boson Cluster States in the LMT on the Ni surfaces.
>> Fusion between these elements create excess heat and locally produced glow
>> discharges.”*
>>
>>
>>
>> *Kim writes, “Transmutation reactions involving Ni isotopes may not be
>> dominant reaction mechanism but could be part of much weaker secondary
>> reaction.”*
>>
>>
>>
>> *Kim believes that self-sustaining reactions could be improved by
>> increasing the deuterium density, and this will be tested with Hyperion R-6
>> reactor with the on-line real-time mass spectrometer at Defkalion Lab. *
>>
>>
>>
>> *1% of Defkalion revenue will be spent on basic scientific research.
>> Moving forward, Defkalion will be cooperating with National Instruments, as
>> well.*
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> *--*
>>
>>
>>
>> *IMHO, Boson Cluster-State Nuclear Fusion (BCSNF) is a Nanoplasmonic
>> process.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *I do not agree with Kim that BEC is the primary LENR mechanism. It is
>> instead a epiphenomenon (plural - epiphenomena) or a secondary phenomenon
>> that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *An epiphenomenon can be an effect of primary phenomena, but cannot
>> affect a primary phenomenon.*
>>
>>
>>
>> *In the field of complex systems, the term epiphenomenon tends to be used
>> interchangeably with "emergent effect".*
>>
>>
>>
>> 

Re: [Vo]:The recent ICCF18 (Defkcalion Demo)

[Kevin O'Malley]

I did a search for BCNSF and it came up with nothing.   But yet, here it is.

On Tue, Jul 30, 2013 at 9:45 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> *http://coldfusionnow.org/iccf-18-day-5-presentations-and-awards/
> *
>
>
>
> *ICCF-18 Day 5: Presentations and Awards
> *
>
>
>
> *An excerpt from the reference.*
>
>
>
>
>
> *Theoretical Analysis and Reaction Mechanisms for Experimental Results of
> Hydrogen-Nickel Systems presented by Yeong Kim was anticipated because of
> his recent collaboration with Defkalion Green Technologies, who beamed in a
> video of their demonstration of the R-5 reactor in Milan on Tuesday.*
>
>
>
> *The Hyperion reactor contains a core of nickel metal foam. Heating the
> system to 180 C – 849 C, the Hyperion is then triggered, after which the
> magnetic field rose 0.6 to 1.6 Tesla.*
>
>
>
> *Kim says, “This indicates that LENRs are producing very strong electric
> fields E, currents I, and magnetic fields B.”*
>
>
>
> *ICCF-18fKim reported Defkalion tests produced excess heat only with the
> even isotopes of Ni (58, 60, 62, and 64), whereas odd isotopes do not
> produce excess heat (61).*
>
>
>
> *No gammas outside of 50 keV to 300 keV were detected from the Hyperion. *
>
>
>
> *Graphs were shown of an excess heat run, and a control run, where the
> data showed the power can be cut-off at will, revealing the ability to
> control the reaction.*
>
>
>
> *Kim then began to describe his theoretical explanation of the data. He
> speculated that in the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (FPE), two deuterons making
> a Helium-4 require a symmetric release of energy, to conserve total
> momentum.*
>
>
>
> *For two-particles exiting the reaction, his model shows lower
> probability.*
>
>
>
> *“The problem is solved”, says Kim, and he is willing to talk to other
> theorists to help convince them.*
>
>
>
> *He then described Boson Cluster-State Nuclear Fusion (BCSNF) generalized
> to include Hydrogen-Metal Systems. While there are still some unknowns,
> namely the S-factor representing the nuclear force strength, and the
> probability of the Boson Cluster State (BCS), the predicted reaction rates
> can be compared with the experimental reaction rates.*
>
>
>
> *Kim speculated that the magnetic fields generated by the triggering could
> provide magnetic alignments of Nickel atoms, and these could provide
> localized magnetic trap (LMT) potentials for Boson clusters on the surface
> of Ni powders, though these traps have short lifetimes.*
>
>
>
> *It is Rydberg atoms that then form the BEC cluster state.*
>
>
>
> *“H and Ni powders triggered by glow discharge created a magnetic field
> causing Rydberg states allowing nano-scale localized magnetic traps,
> allowing Hydrogen Boson Cluster States in the LMT on the Ni surfaces.
> Fusion between these elements create excess heat and locally produced glow
> discharges.”*
>
>
>
> *Kim writes, “Transmutation reactions involving Ni isotopes may not be
> dominant reaction mechanism but could be part of much weaker secondary
> reaction.”*
>
>
>
> *Kim believes that self-sustaining reactions could be improved by
> increasing the deuterium density, and this will be tested with Hyperion R-6
> reactor with the on-line real-time mass spectrometer at Defkalion Lab. *
>
>
>
> *1% of Defkalion revenue will be spent on basic scientific research.
> Moving forward, Defkalion will be cooperating with National Instruments, as
> well.*
>
>
>
>
> *--*
>
>
>
> *IMHO, Boson Cluster-State Nuclear Fusion (BCSNF) is a Nanoplasmonic
> process.*
>
>
>
> *I do not agree with Kim that BEC is the primary LENR mechanism. It is
> instead a epiphenomenon (plural - epiphenomena) or a secondary phenomenon
> that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon.*
>
>
>
> *An epiphenomenon can be an effect of primary phenomena, but cannot affect
> a primary phenomenon.*
>
>
>
> *In the field of complex systems, the term epiphenomenon tends to be used
> interchangeably with "emergent effect".*
>
>
>
> **
>
>
>
> *In the E-cat, the polariton formation process allows for the formation of
> EMF solitons as separate unconnected units at low temperatures. *
>
>
>
> *As the temperature rises, polariton formation of global polariton
> Bose-Einstein condensation appears as an epiphenomenon. This BEC will
> thermalize the gamma radiation via a superatom mechanism.*
>
>
>
> *See*
>
>
>
> *Spasers explained*
>
>
>
> *http://www.phy-astr.gsu.edu/stockman/data/Spaser_Chapter.pdf
> *
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jul 30, 2013 at 12:12 PM, Arnaud Kodeck 
> wrote:
>
>> Axil,
>>
>>
>>
>> Where can I find the presentation of Kim at ICCF18?
>>
>>
>> 

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

That paper is gone from Y.E. Kim's faculty page at Purdue.   I found it on
lenr-forum.com



Theoretical Analysis and Reaction Mechanisms for
Experimental Results of Hydrogen-Nickel Systems

https://www.lenr-forum.com/attachment/391-iccf-18-jcmns-kh-pre-1-pdf/



Purdue Nuclear and Many-Body Theory Group (PNMBTG) Preprint- PNMBTG-10-2013
(October 2013)
Invited paper presented at the 18th International Conference on Cold Fusion
(ICCF-18), University of
Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, July 21-27, 2013, to be published in the
ICCF-18 Proceedings.
Theoretical Analysis and Reaction Mechanisms for


Experimental Results of Hydrogen-Nickel Systems

Yeong E. Kim1 and John Hadjichristos 2


1Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,
USA, ye...@purdue.edu
2Defkalion Green Technologies Corporation, 1140 Homer Street, Suite 250,
Vancouver BC V682X6, Canada



Abstract—Experimental results for anomalous heat effect and super magnetic
field observed for hydrogen-Nickel systems
are described. Theoretical analysis and reaction mechanisms are presented
using theory of Boson cluster state nuclear fusion
(BCSNF) based on the optical theorem formulation. Observed excess heat
generation and anomalously large magnetic field
are explained by theoretical descriptions based on nano-scale explosions
(“Bosenova”) and proton supper currents.
Index Terms—Hydrogen fusion in metals, Boson cluster state nuclear fusion,
excess heat generation, anomalous super
magnetic field.


1. Introduction
 Recently, the experimental results of excess heat generation with
hydrogen-Nickel systems have been reported [1].
Over the past twenty four years, there have been many publications
reporting experimental observations of excess heat
generation and anomalous nuclear reactions occurring in metals at ultra-low
energies, now known as the FleischmannPons
effect [2, 3] which include both electrolysis and gas loading experiments
[3-5] and also include experiments
involving deuterium-metals [2-5] and hydrogen-metals [1,6-9]. Theoretical
explanations of the Fleischmann-Pons effect
[2,3] and the low energy nuclear phenomena [2-5] have been described based
on the theory of Bose-Einstein
condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF) or theory of Boson cluster state
nuclear fusion (BCSNF), occurring in
micro/nano-scale traps/metal particles [10-24].
 In this paper, we describe the results of the earlier experimental work
[1] as well as the more recent results of
experiments with hydrogen-Nickel systems, including the observation of
generation of anomalously large magnetic field
(“super magnetic field”). After reporting the experimental results, we
describe theoretical analysis and reaction
mechanisms for the observed experimental results of hydrogen-Nickel systems
based on the BCSNF theory [10-24].



snip


8. Summary and Future Prospects
 Defkalion’s Hyperion R-5 reactor has been demonstrated to be a reliable
working device producing excess heat at
sufficiently high level with reliable control and high reproducibility for
further scientific investigations and for practical
applications. The experimental results obtained with the HyperionR-5
reactor are described in some details.
 For theoretical analysis of the experimental data generated by the
Hyperion R-5 reactor, the theory of the Boson
cluster state nuclear fusion (BCSNF) is used. The BCSNF is a generalization
of the optical theorem formulation to low
energy nuclear reactions occurring in deuterium/hydrogen loaded metal
systems.
 It is shown that the BCSNF theory is capable of explaining qualitatively
or quantitatively most of the experimental
results and observations reported from experiments with the Hyperion R-5
reactor. In particular, the observed timecorrelation
between the super magnetic field and the excess heat generations can be
explained by the BCSNF theory
involving nano-explosions (“Bosenova”), which create the super current and
the super magnetic field as well as the
excess power generation. The observed super magnetic field is a new
phenomenon and a new scientific discovery. It
opens up a possibility of direct conversion of excess heat generation to
electric power utilizing the super magnetic field.
 Defkalion has recently acquired new two on-line real-time mass
spectrometers [27] which will be integrated with
Hyperion R-6 reactors. These integrated experimental systems are expected
to generate the experimental data for the
reaction products which are urgently needed for theoretical and scientific
understanding of nuclear-reaction dynamics in
this emerging field.
 So far, the theoretical reaction-rate formulae, (Eq. (11), etc.) were
based on analytical solutions of the approximate
time-independent Schrödinger equations for many-body systems using the
Hartree-Fock theory with correlation effects.
This corresponds to time-independent non-liner (TINL) dynamics. Such
analytical formulae for reaction rates are
extremely useful for initial qualitative analysis of the 

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

And now, bringing Bosenovas back to BECs, LENR, Y.E. Kim

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/people/faculty/yekim/ICCF-18-JCMNS-KH-Pre-1.pdf

Här är några utdrag:

Abstract*—Experimental results for anomalous heat effect and super magnetic
field observed for hydrogen-Nickel systems are described. Theoretical
analysis and reaction mechanisms are presented using theory of Boson
cluster state nuclear fusion (BCSNF) based on *the optical theorem
formulation. Observed excess heat generation and anomalously large magnetic
field are explained by theoretical descriptions based on nano-scale
explosions (“Bosenova”) and proton supper currents.

…



…

Defkalion’s Hyperion R-5 reactor has been demonstrated to be a reliable
working device producing excess heat at sufficiently high level with
reliable control and high reproducibility for further scientific
investigations and for practical applications. The experimental results
obtained with the HyperionR-5 reactor are described in some details.



On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 1:14 PM, Kevin O'Malley  wrote:

> Researchers have the bosenova blues
>
> A technique that brings the quantum world up to everyday sizeshas
> physicists scratching their heads.
>
> Jeremy Thomson
>
>
>
> http://www.nature.com/news/2001/010319/full/news010322-3.html
> [image: lbert Einstein postulated the existence of BECs in 1924]lbert
> Einstein postulated the existence of BECs in 1924
>
> Some clusters of very cold atoms have physicists foxed, the American
> Physical Society's March meeting heard this week in Seattle. Bose-Einstein
> condensates, the bizarre form of matter that bridges the tiny, topsy-turvy
> world of quantum mechanics and the everyday world, are pulling dramatic
> tricks with which today's theories just can't cope.
>
> Ordinary matter comes in five forms. Three -- solids, liquids and gases --
> are familiar. The fourth, plasmas, are found in high-temperature systems
> such as flames and fluorescent tubes. You could be forgiven for having
> never heard of the fifth: the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
>
> Christened in honour of Albert Einstein, who postulated their existence in
> 1924 based on the work of Satyendra Bose, the first BECs were produced by
> Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado in 1995.
>
> These curious entities never occur naturally, can exist only at
> temperatures a few ten-billionths of a degree above absolute zero (-273
> degrees Celsius) and until recently could contain only a few hundred atoms.
> Even so, they fascinate physicists keen to deepen their understanding of
> quantum phenomena.
>
> As an atom cools, it moves increasingly slowly, causing its wavefunction
> (roughly speaking, the area in which it might be found) to grow.
> Eventually, the wavefunctions from neighbouring atoms overlap and the whole
> condensate starts to behave as a single quantum-mechanical object.
>
> It is hard to form a stable BEC of more than 100 atoms, and seeing what's
> going on in condensates so small is very difficult. The recent discovery of
> a particular mode in rubidium-85 called a 'Feshbach resonance' increased
> the maximum condensate size to several tens of thousands of atoms -- but
> only at just two billionths of a degree above absolute zero. "Damn cold by
> anyone's standards," as Wieman says.
>
> Nonetheless, the new technique gave researchers a tool rather like a pair
> of magnetic pliers to manipulate the condensates. Their results have them
> scratching their heads.
>
> When compressed quickly enough, a condensate explodes, blasting off the
> outer atoms and leaving a cold, collapsed remnant. The effect has been
> dubbed a 'bosenova' because of its similarity to a supernova (an exploding
> star).
>
> Unsurprisingly, the size of the remnant left when the condensate does a
> bosenova depends on the energy of the explosion. But, strangely, the number
> of atoms blasted off does not change. This is a real surprise, particularly
> as researchers currently have no idea what happens to the remaining atoms.
>
> Unexplained jets have also been observed projecting from the mass of atoms
> just before it collapses. And the more egg-shaped the initial condensate
> (physicists call this anisotropic), the rounder the remnant -- entirely
> contrary to expectations. Charles W. Clark of the National Institute of
> Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, has even observed curious
> smoke-ring formations within a BEC1
> .
>
> "These are not complicated crystals with many degrees of freedom and
> complex interactions we are talking about; they are just atoms. We
> understand atoms, right?" Wieman jokes. "Basic physics is missing to
> explain these effects."
>
>- References
>   1. Anderson, B. P., Haljan, P. C., Regal, C. A., Feder, D. L.,
>   Collins, L. A., Clark, C. W. & Cornell, E. A. 

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

Researchers have the bosenova blues

A technique that brings the quantum world up to everyday sizeshas
physicists scratching their heads.

Jeremy Thomson



http://www.nature.com/news/2001/010319/full/news010322-3.html
[image: lbert Einstein postulated the existence of BECs in 1924]lbert
Einstein postulated the existence of BECs in 1924

Some clusters of very cold atoms have physicists foxed, the American
Physical Society's March meeting heard this week in Seattle. Bose-Einstein
condensates, the bizarre form of matter that bridges the tiny, topsy-turvy
world of quantum mechanics and the everyday world, are pulling dramatic
tricks with which today's theories just can't cope.

Ordinary matter comes in five forms. Three -- solids, liquids and gases --
are familiar. The fourth, plasmas, are found in high-temperature systems
such as flames and fluorescent tubes. You could be forgiven for having
never heard of the fifth: the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).

Christened in honour of Albert Einstein, who postulated their existence in
1924 based on the work of Satyendra Bose, the first BECs were produced by
Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado in 1995.

These curious entities never occur naturally, can exist only at
temperatures a few ten-billionths of a degree above absolute zero (-273
degrees Celsius) and until recently could contain only a few hundred atoms.
Even so, they fascinate physicists keen to deepen their understanding of
quantum phenomena.

As an atom cools, it moves increasingly slowly, causing its wavefunction
(roughly speaking, the area in which it might be found) to grow.
Eventually, the wavefunctions from neighbouring atoms overlap and the whole
condensate starts to behave as a single quantum-mechanical object.

It is hard to form a stable BEC of more than 100 atoms, and seeing what's
going on in condensates so small is very difficult. The recent discovery of
a particular mode in rubidium-85 called a 'Feshbach resonance' increased
the maximum condensate size to several tens of thousands of atoms -- but
only at just two billionths of a degree above absolute zero. "Damn cold by
anyone's standards," as Wieman says.

Nonetheless, the new technique gave researchers a tool rather like a pair
of magnetic pliers to manipulate the condensates. Their results have them
scratching their heads.

When compressed quickly enough, a condensate explodes, blasting off the
outer atoms and leaving a cold, collapsed remnant. The effect has been
dubbed a 'bosenova' because of its similarity to a supernova (an exploding
star).

Unsurprisingly, the size of the remnant left when the condensate does a
bosenova depends on the energy of the explosion. But, strangely, the number
of atoms blasted off does not change. This is a real surprise, particularly
as researchers currently have no idea what happens to the remaining atoms.

Unexplained jets have also been observed projecting from the mass of atoms
just before it collapses. And the more egg-shaped the initial condensate
(physicists call this anisotropic), the rounder the remnant -- entirely
contrary to expectations. Charles W. Clark of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, has even observed curious
smoke-ring formations within a BEC1
.

"These are not complicated crystals with many degrees of freedom and
complex interactions we are talking about; they are just atoms. We
understand atoms, right?" Wieman jokes. "Basic physics is missing to
explain these effects."

   - References
  1. Anderson, B. P., Haljan, P. C., Regal, C. A., Feder, D. L.,
  Collins, L. A., Clark, C. W. & Cornell, E. A. Watching dark
solitons decay
  into vortex rings in a Bose-Einstein condensate. *Physics Review
  Letters* (in press).


On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 1:10 PM, Kevin O'Malley  wrote:

> I like where this is headed, especially when looking at it in a 1
> dimensional viewpoint.
> The bosenova 'explosion' has been witnessed but no one really knows what
> caused it nor where the energy came from to drive all that matter away.
> Seems like 1 or 2 fusion events might be enough energy to do it.
>
>
> Atoms don't dance the 'Bose Nova'September 3, 2009
> [image: Atoms don't dance the 'Bose Nova']
> 
> With two laser beams the researchers generate an optical lattice, where
> the atoms are confined to vertical one-dimensional structures (red) with up
> to 15 atoms aligned in each tube.
>
> (PhysOrg.com) -- Hanns-Christoph Naegerl's research group at the Institute
> for Experimental Physics, Austria, has investigated how ultracold quantum
> gases behave in lower spatial dimensions. They successfully realized an
> exotic state, where, due to the laws of quantum mechanics, atoms align
> along a one-dimensional structure. A stable many-body phase with new
> quantum mechanical 

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

I like where this is headed, especially when looking at it in a 1
dimensional viewpoint.
The bosenova 'explosion' has been witnessed but no one really knows what
caused it nor where the energy came from to drive all that matter away.
Seems like 1 or 2 fusion events might be enough energy to do it.


Atoms don't dance the 'Bose Nova'September 3, 2009
[image: Atoms don't dance the 'Bose Nova']

With two laser beams the researchers generate an optical lattice, where the
atoms are confined to vertical one-dimensional structures (red) with up to
15 atoms aligned in each tube.

(PhysOrg.com) -- Hanns-Christoph Naegerl's research group at the Institute
for Experimental Physics, Austria, has investigated how ultracold quantum
gases behave in lower spatial dimensions. They successfully realized an
exotic state, where, due to the laws of quantum mechanics, atoms align
along a one-dimensional structure. A stable many-body phase with new
quantum mechanical states is thereby produced even though the atoms are
usually strongly attracted which would cause the system to collapse. The
scientists report on their findings in the leading scientific journal
*Science*.

Interactions are considerably more drastic in low-dimensional systems than
in three-dimensional ones. Thus, physicists take a special interest in
these systems. In physics zero-dimensional quantum dots
, two-dimensional quantum wells and
also one-dimensional quantum wires are known. The latter are spatial
potential structures, where carriers can move only one-dimensionally.

Whereas quantum dots and wells can be realized and analyzed relatively
easily, it is much harder to investigate quantum wires in solid-state
bodies. Hanns-Christoph Naegerl’s research group of the Institute for
Experimental Physics of the University of Innsbruck has now tried something
totally different: In a cloud of ultracold atoms they realized
one-dimensional structures and thoroughly analyzed their properties.

*Surprising observation*

In a vacuum chamber  the physicists
produced a Bose-Einstein condensate
 with approx. 40,000
ultracold cesium atoms. With two laser beams they generated an optical
lattice, where the atoms were confined to vertical one-dimensional
structures with up to 15 atoms aligned in each tube. The laser beams
prevent the atoms from breaking ranks or changing place with each other.
[image: Atoms don't dance the 'Bose Nova']

A stable many-body phase with new quantum mechanical states is produced
(front) even though the atoms are usually strongly attracted which would
cause the system to collapse (back).

Using a magnetic field, the scientists could tune the interaction between
the atoms: “By increasing the interaction energy between the atoms
(attraction interaction), the atoms start coming together and the structure
quickly decays,“ Naegerl explains what is called among experts the
"Bosenova" effect.

"By minimizing the interaction energy, the atoms repel each other
(repulsive interaction), align vertically and regularly along a
one-dimensional structure and the system is stable." If the interactions
are switched from strongly repulsive to strongly attractive, a surprising
effect can be observed. "We thereby achieve an exotic, gas-like phase,
where the atoms are excited and correlated but do not come together and a
'Bosenova' effect is absent," Naegerl says. The phase was diagnosed by
compressing the quantum gas and measuring its stiffness. "However, this
excited many-body phase can only be realized by a detour via repulsive
interaction. This phase was predicted four years ago and we have now been
able to realize it experimentally for the first time," Elmar Haller says.
He is first author of the research paper, which is now published in the
renowned scientific journal *Science*. Currently, research on
low-dimensional structures receives a lot of attention internationally and
it may help to better understand the functioning of high-temperature
superconductors.

*Cold atoms as an ideal field of experimentation*

"Ultracold quantum gases offer a big advantage: They can be isolated
against the environment quite well," Naegerl explains. "Moreover, in our
experiment we can practically rule out defects we often find in solid-state
bodies." With this successful experiment the Innsbruck quantum physicists
found an ideal experimental setup to further study the properties of
quantum wires. Naegerl’s team of scientists clearly benefits from the long
standing and successful research on ultracold atoms and molecules by
another Innsbruck group of physicists: the research group led by
Wittgenstein laureate Prof. Rudolf Grimm, which has already assumed a
leading role internationally.

In 

RE: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[bobcook39...@hotmail.com]

Kevin—

Thanks for that instructive review.

It seems that Storms was worried about a fast reaction of the BEC’s.

Ball lightening or Bosenovas may in fact be a reaction close to what Storms was 
worried about in the thread of 2013 you have found.  The following link 
addresses the possibility of bosenovas.

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2001/03/implosion-and-explosion-bose-einstein-condensate-bosenova

Various LENR researchers have witnessed what they report as bosenovas.

Bob Cook

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

I found it.   This is the thread also where Ed Storms and I went a few
rounds.


[Vo]:BEC transforms photon frequency
Inbox
x
Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com via
 eskimo.com
5/27/13
to vortex-l

This paper verifies that a photon eradiated Bose-Einstein condensate will
cut the frequency of incoming photons by dividing that frequency between N
numbers of atoms.



http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.1261v1.pdf



Rydberg excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate



 “The results of theoretical simulations are represented by the continuous
lines.



According to the super-atom picture the collective Rabi frequency for the
coherent excitation of N atoms is



frequency (collective) = square root(number of atoms) X frequency(single);



Where the single-particle Rabi frequency (single) is app 2 pi x 200 kHz for
our experimental parameters.”
Kevin O'Malley 
5/27/13
to vortex-l
Then is that an explanation of why Gamma rays are not observed in LENR?  If
2 of the atoms inside a multi-atom BEC fuse together, the incoming
radiation  (to the rest of the BEC) gets subdivided based upon how many
atoms have formed the BEC.  Right?
Edmund Storms stor...@ix.netcom.com via
 eskimo.com
5/27/13
to vortex-l
That is the idea. However, why would only a few hydrons fuse leaving just
enough unreacted hydrons available to carry all the energy without it
producing energetic radiation? I would expect occasionally, many hydrons
would fuse leaving too few unreacted hydrons so that the dissipated energy
would have to be very energetic and easily detected.  Also, how is this
mass-energy coupled to the unreacted hydrons? The BEC is not stable at high
temperatures, which would be present inside the BEC when mass-energy was
released. I would expect this release would destroy the BEC, leaving the
fused hydrons to dissipate energy by the normal hot fusion method.  The
concept appears to have many logical flaws.

Ed Storms
Kevin O'Malley 
5/27/13
to vortex-l
On Mon, May 27, 2013 at 10:03 AM, Edmund Storms 
 wrote:

> That is the idea. However, why would only a few hydrons fuse leaving just
> enough unreacted hydrons available to carry all the energy without it
> producing energetic radiation? I would expect occasionally, many hydrons
> would fuse leaving too few unreacted hydrons so that the dissipated energy
> would have to be very energetic and easily detected
>
***That would account for the very occasional neutron being observed,
right?  And it also would account for how few of them get observed as
well.  They only happen when a multiple-fusion event takes place inside the
BEC and there isn't enough BEC infrastructure to absorb the energy.



> .  Also, how is this mass-energy coupled to the unreacted hydrons? The BEC
> is not stable at high temperatures, which would be present inside the BEC
> when mass-energy was released. I would expect this release would destroy
> the BEC, leaving the fused hydrons to dissipate energy by the normal hot
> fusion method.
>
***I would expect it as well.  Like an explosion taking place inside a
house, the structure blocks much of the energy while it is momentarily in
place.  And then another BEC forms, 2 atoms fuse, and the reaction goes on
& on.




>  The concept appears to have many logical flaws.
>
> Ed Storms
>
> On May 27, 2013, at 10:08 AM, Kevin O'Malley wrote:
>
> Then is that an explanation of why Gamma rays are not observed in LENR?
> If 2 of the atoms inside a multi-atom BEC fuse together, the incoming
> radiation  (to the rest of the BEC) gets subdivided based upon how many
> atoms have formed the BEC.  Right?
>
>
> On Mon, May 27, 2013 at 12:49 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> This paper verifies that a photon eradiated Bose-Einstein condensate will
>> cut the frequency of incoming photons by dividing that frequency between N
>> numbers of atoms.
>>
>>
>> http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.1261v1.pdf
>>
>>
>> Rydberg excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate
>>
>>
>>  “The results of theoretical simulations are represented by the
>> continuous lines.
>>
>>
>> According to the super-atom picture the collective Rabi frequency for the
>> coherent excitation of N atoms is
>>
>>
>> frequency (collective) = square root(number of atoms) X frequency(single);
>>
>>
>> Where the single-particle Rabi frequency (single) is app 2 pi x 200 kHz
>> for our experimental parameters.”
>>
>
>
On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 3:18 AM, Kevin O'Malley  wrote:

> This might be the reference but I'm not certain.
>
>
>
> Axil Axil 
> 2/9/14
> to vortex-l
> regarding
> MIT Cold Fusion IAP 2014 Friday January 31, 2014 (Full Lecture)
>
> A lot of time was spent looking for a two level receiver that can split up
> a gamma photon into many low energy photons.
>
> A electron photon pair was not considered for some reason. I see the 

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

This might be the reference but I'm not certain.



Axil Axil 
2/9/14
to vortex-l
regarding
MIT Cold Fusion IAP 2014 Friday January 31, 2014 (Full Lecture)

A lot of time was spent looking for a two level receiver that can split up
a gamma photon into many low energy photons.

A electron photon pair was not considered for some reason. I see the NAE as
a EMF Cuisinart that slices, dices and blends all the photons that dare to
enter it. The NAE  must have a resonance frequency in the soft x-ray range. A
one to two nanometer NAE size will  put its  resonance photon frequency
into the soft x-ray range,

So whatever photon that enters into the optical based NAE will be chopped
up and rebuilt into soft x-rays.

When these x-rays are released from the NAE upon its destruction, it is
thermalized by absorption through additional  photoluminescence
processes.

This optical NAE process may be the reason that Mills sees XUV in his
reactions.

On Tue, Jun 13, 2017 at 2:50 AM, Kevin O'Malley  wrote:

> That super absorption sounds familiar.   There was a study done with
> lattices that thermalized gamma rays and broke them down into X-rays
> according to the number "N" of the items in the lattice.   I'll try to find
> it.
>
> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 10:54 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
>> These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
>> level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.
>>
>> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
>>> smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
>>> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
>>> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
>>> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
>>> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>>>
>>> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the energy
>>> levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They never,
>>> however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms wide
>>> condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm thermal
>>> vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy excitation.  This
>>> again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or shrunken atoms at
>>> work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle that yields the
>>> required energy.
>>>
>>> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per second.
>>>
>>> Frank Z
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

Water can shove its head through a rock by dripping on it relentlessly.
And softer materials can wear down harder materials if given time.   On the
nanoparticle scale, perhaps all that's needed is a few billion iterations
to get tunneling, and that can happen in a matter of milliseconds or maybe
picoseconds.

On Sun, Jun 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM,  wrote:

> In reply to  Axil Axil's message of Sun, 11 Jun 2017 16:53:59 -0400:
> Hi,
> [snip]
> >Entanglement is not subject to space time. A particle is a wave function
> that can combine with another identical wave function copies to produce a
> new wave function that is double the magnitude of each original identical
> wave functions.
> >The addition of wave functions is true for any BEC on "N" particles. The
> composite wave function is singular but N times the magnitude of each
> member of the BEC aggregate.
> >Particles are not billiard balls; they are waves.
>
> Since your head is made of particles (sorry waves), and the wall is made of
> particles (sorry waves), then you shouldn't have any difficulty shoving
> your
> head through the wall, now should you?
>
> (Somehow I doubt you will try this though.)
>
> Regards,
>
> Robin van Spaandonk
>
> http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

There is experimental evidence in the form of Luttinger Liquids.   Those
are "real" and established laboratory particle exchanges.   Basically it
means that liquids form at temperatures much higher than previously thought
when they are 1 dimensional.

On Sun, Jun 11, 2017 at 2:49 PM, Jones Beene  wrote:

>  Axil Axil wrote:
>
> The polariton is the exception to Jones' conjecture. The polariton is of
> boson not subject to the Pauli principle and can form a BEC at
> any temperature.
>
>
> But the polariton is a quasi-particle, meaning "less than real" if not
> imaginary.
>
> Nevertheless, the argument is alluring.
>
> We need to see evidence that quasi-particles can undergo the same
> reactions that real particles undergo.
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

I believe it was Y.E. Kim who induced LENR by way of BECs with laser
cooling.   I had pointed this out to Ed Storms on one of these threads.
He was arguing that it was laser heating and that it would destroy the BEC,
while I pointed out that Y E Kim, KP Sinha, and Steven Chu (Obama's Nobel
Prize winning science advisor) who used lasers to cool into BECs.   Sinha
generated LENR with a laser cooled BEC.   Ed Storms asked me to produce the
paper that mentioned this fact but it was not in a paper, it was verbal
information that I gathered by talking to Sinha on the phone.

On Fri, Jun 9, 2017 at 12:57 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> Bose condensation of polaritons is what thermalized gamma radiation (super
> absorption) produced by LENR based nuclear reactions.
>
> Before a BEC of polaritons is established in the LENR reaction, the LENR
> reaction lets gamma radiation pass through the individual polaritons.
>
> But after the BEC of polaritons is established, a state change occurs and
> a Bremsstrahlung signal is generated in a polariton
> synchronization process where the polaritons synchronize the energy between
> each other.
>
>
> This Bremsstrahlung has been detected in MFMP tests just before excess
> heat was produced in the LENR reaction.  It has been called "the Signal"
> by MFMP.
>
>
> After the polariton BEC is established a single radiation frequency is
> produced by the BEC. That frequency is a function of the density of
> polaritons in the BEC. This frequency can change second to second as the
> density of polaritons in the BEC varies.
>
> See
>
>
> "They tackled this problem by highly exciting exciton-polaritons, which
> are particle-like excitations in a semiconductor systems and formed by
> strong coupling between electron-hole pairs and photons. They observed
> high-energy side-peak emission that cannot be explained by two mechanisms
> known to date: Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons, nor
> conventional semiconductor lasing driven by the optical gain from unbound
> electron hole plasma."
>
> Marrying superconductors, lasers, and Bose-Einstein condensates
>
> Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2016-06-superconductors-
> lasers-bose-einstein-condensates.html#jCp
>
> This polariton based emission of light is where the XUV light emissions
> comes from in the SunCell.
>
> On Fri, Jun 9, 2017 at 2:37 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> https://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.05264
>>
>> Disorder, synchronization and phase locking in non-equilibrium
>> Bose-Einstein condensates
>>
>> There is a kind of Bose condinsation that can exist at any temperature
>> and applies to polaritons.
>>
>> To draw an analogy, consider an array of funnels that are each being
>> filled at a different rate. But the funnels are entangled in a condinsate.
>> These funnels are losing liquid at the same rate but are being filled at
>> different rates. We would expect that there would be some funnels that
>> would overflow, but all the funnels maintain the same liquid level. All the
>> funnels share liquid between each other to maintain the same level of
>> fluid. The liquid that would have overflowed is shared between the funnels
>> through and entangled liquid transfer interface. Any funnel that has a low
>> level of liquid input would maintain its level through the additional
>> entangled transfer of liquid with and between other funnels with a more
>> that average liquid filling rates.
>>
>> This is how a collection of "N" polaritons act like one huge single
>> polariton with N members. This huge single polariton can store a
>> huge amount of energy in its condinsate. It can absorb a huge amount of
>> energy (super-absorption) but most importantly, any single polariton can
>> access  all the energy stored in the condinsate (super-radiance) and can
>> use that energy to disrupt nuclear functions in a single nucleus.
>>
>> This Bose condinsate condition can exist at ANY temperature and depends
>> only on the special nature of polaritons to exist.
>>
>> On Fri, Jun 9, 2017 at 12:15 PM, bobcook39...@hotmail.com <
>> bobcook39...@hotmail.com> wrote:
>>
>>> Ftrank—
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> To  add to Axil’s comments, it is my understanding that Bose particles
>>> (0 or +/- integral intrinsic spin) can occupy the same energy states in  a
>>> coherent system.  This implies that that it is possible for two particles
>>> to be at the same location at the same time.  For Bose particles with a
>>> magnetic moment—non-0 spin—a magnetic field will degenerate (reduce the
>>> possible locations and energy states) the coherent system “allows” for its
>>> constituent particles.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> This may  make it more likely that the wave function of 2Bose particles
>>> over lap and promote a system reaction involving no immediate loss of
>>> energy, only a change in the coherent system’s configuration of constituent
>>> particles with greater kinetic energy and less potential energy tied up in
>>> force fields.
>>>
>>>
>>>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

That super absorption sounds familiar.   There was a study done with
lattices that thermalized gamma rays and broke them down into X-rays
according to the number "N" of the items in the lattice.   I'll try to find
it.

On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 10:54 AM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> A Bose condinsate brings super radiance and super absorption into play.
> These mechanisms produce concentration, storage,  and amplification of low
> level energy and goes as "N", the number of items in the condinsate.
>
> On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 9:46 AM, Frank Znidarsic 
> wrote:
>
>> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
>> smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
>> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
>> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
>> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
>> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>>
>> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the energy
>> levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They never,
>> however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms wide
>> condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm thermal
>> vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy excitation.  This
>> again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or shrunken atoms at
>> work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle that yields the
>> required energy.
>>
>> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per second.
>>
>> Frank Z
>>
>>
>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature

[Kevin O'Malley]

Frank, those vibrations could be inducing a 1 dimensional Luttinger Liquid
which becomes a 1 dimensional vibrating BEC.   That is my V1DLLBEC
hypothesis.
V1DLLBEC -- Vibrating 1 Dimensional Luttinger Liquid Bose Einstein
Condensate.

On Thu, Jun 8, 2017 at 7:02 AM, Frank Znidarsic  wrote:

> From my book.  current revision.
>
> Low energy vibrations have a high energy effect at the scale
> of a condensed nano-domain. A universal dia-force-field,
> condition emerges as a consequence of the vibration. The
> dynamic magnetic fields (electromagnetic, gravitomagnetic,
> nuclear spin orbit, and weak) are driven to the surface of the
> particle. These magnetic forces, acting from a macroscopic
> surface, trigger the chemically assisted nuclear reactions.
>
>
>
>
> -Original Message-
> From: Frank Znidarsic 
> To: vortex-l 
> Sent: Thu, Jun 8, 2017 9:46 am
> Subject: Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature
>
> Why is a Bose Condensate needed?  Its a matter of size and energy.  The
> smaller the size of something we want to see the more energy it takes.
> Using low energy radar you will never be able to read something as small as
> this text.  You need to go to UV energies to study atoms.  Higher ionizing
> energies are needed to study the nuclear forces.  Really high energy
> accelerator energies are required to look at subatomic particles.
>
> The common complaint physicists have with cold fusion is that the energy
> levels are to low to induce any type of nuclear reaction.  They never,
> however, considered the energy levels of a large hundreds of atoms wide
> condensed nano-particle.  Its energy levels are quite low.  Warm thermal
> vibrations appear to the nano particle as a high energy excitation.  This
> again is a matter of its size.  It's not cracks, or shrunken atoms at
> work.  It is the thermal excitation of a nano particle that yields the
> required energy.
>
> Again the simulation induces a velocity of one million meters per second.
>
> Frank Z
>
>
>
>