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RE Slingram etymology

I think the discussion may has slipped off target. The online dictionaries are trying to make a one-to-one match between words in the two languages, but losing some meaning in what is bound to be an imperfect process.

As I understand it (very Imperfectly), sling in swedish is from the same root as sling in english.  Loop is a good english translation when one is referring to a flexible loop for lifting things or a closed path. Ram translates OK as frame , if one means a frame, framework, or the enclosing boundary of something and it could describe an EM loop.  Thus, it was explained to me in summer 1959 at Outokumpu, Finland (where I worked with many 10's of square kilometers of intensive HLEM surveys) that Slingram was best translated as "carried loop" or "slung loop"; describing how each of the two circular horizontal loops were slung by straps from the operator's shoulders. I was also shown a famous picture of a mobile version of Slingram used in Lapland, where the systems coils were mounted on sleds pulled by reindeer.

The early EM, (pre 1960s) systems were single frequency and had minimal electronics (limited to simple oscillators to generate the Tx current and simple amplifiers to make the received signal audible in headphones). Measurements were made with compensators, essentially two dial AC bridges that had to be adjusted manually to annul the headphone signal and then read the data from the poteniometer dials.

The alternative method at the time was Turam (two loop). It used a large, usually rectangular fixed loop as the transmitter and a moving receiver consisting of two vertical axis loops separated by one or more line stations directed away from teh Tx loop. Use of two Rx loops allowed one to measure the complex ratio of the vertical field components at the two stations (with a compensator), and, if desired, calculate back to the complex field at individual stations.

I especially want to second the remarks about Jack Betz' formidable contributions to developing the very robust, multi-frequency version of slingram called Max-Min (referring to the fact that one could use it as a maximum or minimum coupled system).  He provided many of excellent example field responses with detailed interpretations that were very well supported by scale modelling to show how one could differentiate overburden and host rock responses from those of localized conductors. It was pioneering work.  Some of his reports are still available at U. of T.  I haven't seen or heard from him in several years, but I believe he is still enjoying retirement in rural Ontario.

On 4/2/2020 10:08 AM, [email protected] wrote:

Today's Topics:

    1. Re: Slingram etymology (Ken Witherly)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Thu, 2 Apr 2020 08:08:32 -0600
From: "Ken Witherly" <[email protected]>
To: "'Robert Hearst'" <[email protected]>,
        <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [SEGMIN] Slingram etymology
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

Rob

Evolution is an interesting word. I was a few years on the scene in the early 
70s when a guy I worked with Barney O?Toole introduced me to Jack Betz, a local 
geophysical consultant in Toronto. Barney and Jack had both worked for Anaconda 
?in the day?. When I met Jack he was finishing the Max-Min project. What was 
described to me was he examined all the other systems of the day (in Utah we 
used a Geonics and McPhar grd EM system) and selected all of the best features 
and put them into one system.  Jack pushed the technology well past what others 
had achieved and became almost a fanatic regards secant chaining to correct 
HLEM data from topo, a weakness he could not engineer out of the system. Jack 
produced a couple of user documents with case studies as well that you got when 
you bought the system. At the time, the most practical and well written field 
guides I had seen. I am pretty sure all the other manufactures of HLEM gear 
moved out of the way of Max-Min when it arrived. Geonics pr
  ospered with time domain EM and McPhar got eaten by CIL (a story Dave 
Fountain can tell very well). I recall the Scandinavian?s had produced a wealth 
of HLEM type curves but Jack focused on practical applications; dealing with 
topo, power lines, conductive overburden, strong mag sources distorting the IP 
data.

Ken

From: SEGMIN <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Robert Hearst via 
SEGMIN
Sent: Thursday, April 2, 2020 7:45 AM
To: segmin <[email protected]>
Cc: Robert Hearst <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [SEGMIN] Slingram etymology

Great picture of the system Janne.  Any mention of the number of frequencies 
used at the time?  Can see how this type of system evolved into the Max-Min.

Cheers,

Rob

---------- Original Message ----------
From: Janne Kaukolinna via SEGMIN <[email protected] 
<mailto:[email protected]> >
Date: April 2, 2020 at 6:46 AM

Hi,

Just a guess, but I would image the name comes from the fact the transmitter 
loop was now attached to frame as before ground loop was used..

Picture from early 40s set-up below, the receive coil in front, instrument carrier and 
the observer in the middle and the transmitter coil and "energizer" backpack 
following.



to 2. huhtik. 2020 klo 12.27 Kim Frankcombe via SEGMIN ( [email protected] 
<mailto:[email protected]> ) kirjoitti:

Gold. Thanks Janne.

So it takes two sling rams to make a Slingram system (Tx and Rx).

Cheers
Kim



On 2/4/20 6:12 pm, Janne Kaukolinna via SEGMIN wrote:

Hi,

Dig into our legacy reports here in Boliden, Sweden and the text below is from report 
called "Some Ore Prospecting Instruments", David Malmqvist 1949

So as mentioned earlier Sling=Loop Ram=Frame

----

II. Loop-Frame Equipment


The loop-frame method is a new geo-electrical
field method which has been developed in the
prospecting work carried out by the Geological
Survey of Sweden in northern Sweden under the
leadership of Mr. S Werner, the geophysicist of
the Geological Survey. The original aim was to
find a simpler and above all a cheaper method of
prospecting. However, the loop-frame method,
has proved superior in several other respects
too to field methods hitherto used for ore
prospecting.
Detail surveying according to this new method
was commenced as early as 1936, but it was not
until the summer of 1937 that the field work was
started on a larger scale. In 1943 the Boliden
Mining Company acquired the rights of the method,
and since then our geophysical department
has been engaged in improving it.


Field surveying
Detail surveying according to the loop-frame
method is carried out as follows: Alternating
current from a small energizer is fed to a
portable circular frame, a so called loop-frame,
with a diameter of about 1,5 m.....

----

cheers,

.janne

to 2. huhtik. 2020 klo 8.24 Kim Frankcombe via SEGMIN ( [email protected] 
<mailto:[email protected]> ) kirjoitti:

I contacted my pet Swede and he replied

" Yes, translation loop frame is probably the closest, and with regard to whether to 
capitalise the first letter or not, it is if it has become a technology and no longer a 
brand name, similarly to Gramophone becoming gramophone. I am sure we had something we 
called Slingram with Dattatray Parasnis and Josef Zuber back at uni in Sweden, and I have 
regarded my EM34 as a slingram at least in the configuration."

Roger also pointed me to page 110 in the green book and it says that Slingram 
is sometimes translated into English as loop-frame.

That didn't make a lot of sense until I recalled the instrument hanging on the 
wall in Outokumpu


I was picturing the twin operator unit on the table and struggling with loop frame but 
the "snow shoe" on the wall makes more sense.

Diversion over, back to work.

Cheers
Kim



On 2/4/20 12:46 pm, Rolf - NorCanEx via SEGMIN wrote:

Why not ask a Swede? Which I am not.

Johan Alfred Holm, f?dd 10 februari 1912 <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912>  i Lycksele <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycksele>  i 
Lappland i V?sterbottens l?n <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4sterbottens_l%C3%A4n> , d?d 19 januari 1986 
<https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986>  i Vinsl?v <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinsl%C3%B6v>  i Kristianstad l?n 
<https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianstad_l%C3%A4n> ,[1] <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Holm#cite_note-1>  var en svensk 
ingenj?r <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6r> . Under tiden som anst?lld vid Sveriges geologiska unders?kning 
<https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveriges_geologiska_unders%C3%B6kning> [2] <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Holm#cite_note-2>  
(SGU) i Norsj? <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsj%C3%B6>  p? 1930-talet fick han id?n om ett geofysiskt m?tinstrument, som kom att kallas 
slingram.

Det f?rsta instrumentet av Slingramen <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingram> [3] 
<https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Holm#cite_note-3>  uppfanns i Sverige under vintern 
1936 av Alfred Holm tillsammans med geofysikern Sture Werner 
<https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sture_Werner> . Det ?r den i v?rlden mest anv?nda metoden 
vid elektromagnetisk prospektering. Som instrumentmakare medverkade Alfred Holm i utvecklingen av 
en hel rad instrument, bland annat kr?kningsm?tare f?r borrh?l. Han gick i pension fr?n SGU 1977.

Looks like it just came to be known as Slingram.

Some words in English:

[in Sweden] ... The first use of electromagnetic (EM) instruments to locate 
buried ore deposits was in 1921 by Centralgruppens Emmissons A.-B. (Sundberg et 
al., 1923:39). The survey used the EM method as developed by Karl Sundberg 
(Fig. 1) (Sundberg et al., 1923:18ff). The EM Slingram method was invented in 
Sweden in 1936 by Sture Werner and Alfred Holm (NE).

Rolf

From: SEGMIN [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Dennis 
Woods via SEGMIN
Sent: 2-Apr-20 00:33
To: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
Cc: Dennis Woods  <mailto:[email protected]> <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [SEGMIN] Slingram etymology


And the other imponderable is: should Slingram be capitalized as I have always done? If 
it is just a Swedish translation of "loop frame", does it really need to be 
capitalized?

Obviiously we all have too much time on our hands during the COVID-19 shutdown.

Cheers, Dennis


At 09:16 PM 01/04/2020, Kim Frankcombe via SEGMIN wrote:

Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="------------126154CDF1FCB3448640D024"
Content-Language: en-AU

Thanks James - I looked at the green SEG volume and Slingram gets one paragraph 
on p259 while MaxMin gets a page and a half. Readers are referred to Sveriges 
Geologiska for more info.

The single word for something complex problem came up for me once before when I 
was interpreting some field notes written in French by an Arab gravity crew in 
Tunisia. My French wasn't up to the job so I threw it to Babel fish which at 
the time was better than Google translate and it told me that they had been 
delayed in a paddock for herring barrel time talking to a farmer. There was a 
typo in one of their words with one of the hats missing off a letter but it 
started me down a path of asking why would you have a word for herring barrel? 
Turns out they used to be pretty important and a source of much international 
argument.

Cheers
Kim


On 2/4/20 11:48 am, James Reid via SEGMIN wrote:

In Swedish? Regardless, it's very obscure to have a word for "Loop frame" I 
wonder what other contexts it's used in?

From: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>   
<mailto:[email protected]> <[email protected]>
Sent: April 2, 2020 11:44 AM
To: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
Cc: James Reid  <mailto:[email protected]> <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: [SEGMIN] Slingram etymology

This message originated outside Mira Geoscience.
Google Translate says it means loop frame.

Howard Golden
3 Forsyth Close
Mosman Park, WA 6012
AUSTRALIA
+61 417 912 171
[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>

From: SEGMIN < [email protected] 
<mailto:[email protected]> > On Behalf Of James Reid via SEGMIN
Sent: Thursday, 2 April 2020 11:29
To: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
Cc: James Reid < [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> >
Subject: Re: [SEGMIN] Slingram etymology

Hi Kim ?

I was told (or read somewhere) that it was from the Swedish and meant something like 
"Loop-frame" I don't have my textbooks in my home office, but I am pretty sure 
there is a bit of the history in the article by Frischknecht et al on small-loop EM in 
the SEG EM methods volumes edited by Nabighian (Vol 2 ? Applications, Part A?)

Cheers,

James


From: SEGMIN < [email protected] 
<mailto:[email protected]> > On Behalf Of Kim Frankcombe via SEGMIN
Sent: April 2, 2020 11:24 AM
To: SEGMIN User Forum <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>  
>
Cc: Kim Frankcombe <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>  >
Subject: [SEGMIN] Slingram etymology

This message originated outside Mira Geoscience.
I was looking for a diversion when writing a report today and started wondering 
where the word Slingram comes from. I'd always assumed it was Finnish or at 
least Scandinavian and made perfect sense if you spoke the language but it 
might also be someone's name. At a stretch it might be Separated loop induction 
ground something machine? Sherrif says it's Swedish for Horizontal Loop method, 
supporting my original thought although presumably that still involves an 
acronym as I'd be surprised if any language had a single word saying Horizontal 
Loop EM method - scary if they do! Anyone know?

Cheers
Kim



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