----- Original Message -----
From: <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Saturday, 16 September 2000 00:55
Subject: Re: CS>Zeta Potential was HVAC CS vs. LVDC CS


Roger,
In a low voltage system the initial current can never be too high ;-)
When it comes to determining the max current to run at (limiting current
is the easiest way to lower voltage) one must make value judgements
about things like plating out of the colloid on to the cathode, colour
change, Tyndal density and so on, but ultimately it is the condition of
the finished product that one evaluates, so experiments altering one
parameter at a time seems to be the only way.

It helps to have the test equipment to evaluate the process and the
finished product. Fortunately I have a silver selective electrode which
enables me to test for ionic activity (concentration) during and after a
run, and I have found that using a conductivity meter in conjunction
with the ISE quite revealing, as I can find the moment when then coloid
system does a quantum jump from one particle size to the next larger (at
least I think that is what is happening) when the conductivity reading
ceases rising (or even lowers) from the theoretical reading for discrete
single ions (solution) to one that is typical of the finished product,
whilst the ISE reading continues to rise.
Any way that is probably more information than you wanted to know!

The long and short of it is, experimentation.

> Ivan: How does one judge that the initial current is too low or too
high? I
> have the same question when it comes to lowering the current when the
> conductivity of the water increases over time. Roger



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