> Would a surge
> arrester [placed before the transformer] make a difference if the
> transformer failed?  
> Judith.

(I assume you're asking about the simple, DC wands.  A surge arrester
might avert premature transformer failure.  If the transformer failed by
"opening"--as they almost always do--it would simply go dead.  If it
failed by shorting, the surge arrester would allow you to enjoy smooth,
surge-free 115VAC coarsing through your writhing body until the rectifier
diodes failed.  That might happen quickly (although it wouldn't seem so
at the time), but diodes aren't designed to act as fuses.  If the
transformer were high quality, and equipped with over-rating diodes, YOU
might go dead!  

The answer is simple--a fast acting *fuse* on an output lead from the
transformer.  Finding one as small as ~5mA would be ideal.  George Martin
uncovered a 31mA fuse in the Mouser catalog.  

http://mouser.com/products/detail.cfm?MPart=504-AGC-1/32&CustRef=&sou
rce=search

That's a jolt, but it'd be brief.

--Russ


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