Wayne,
Don't have time for a detailed argument, but look over the formula
below. The voltage is not part of the equation, although it will affect
how fast the process progresses. Both cells have the same current,
being in series, so the amount of silver released is the same.
Dan
1. Faraday's equation for electrolysis
m = k*I*t
where:
m = mass in grams
k = electrochemical equivalent = 0.001118
I = current in amps
t = time in seconds
This formula tells us exactly how much silver was liberated from the
electrode (anode) and is determined by k = a constant, I = current, and
t = time.
[You can ignore this - just use the constant.
"k", the electrochemical equivalent, is derived from the chemical
equivalent for silver which is the atomic weight in grams of silver
divided by the valence number times the number of coulombs (ampseconds)
required to liberate this amount of silver:
k = atomic weight of silver/valence # *coulombs to liberate
= 107.88/1*96500
= 107.88/96500
= 0.001118
This is from Bob Lee's post of 4-11-98]
Conversion factors:
Sec = hrs*3600 ;convert hours to seconds
I = ma/1000 ;convert milliamps to amps
So, the variables for this equation are the amount of current and the
time of the reaction.
-----Original Message-----
From: CWFugitt [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, February 19, 2007 11:49 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: RE: CS>two amounts with one adaptor ( OR Many )
Morning Dan,
>> At 09:42 AM 2/19/2007, you wrote:
I was anxious to see your reply and comments because you always provide
the points I left out, and do a better job explaining the details.
This is an interesting applications. I think one of two other list
members are using multiple containers and processes other than Terry.
> Actual concentration of *useable* silver may vary somewhat due to
> variations in the cells and
>the electrode geometry, stirring, and things like this.
True, the units should be as precision and identical as possible.
This
is true of all aspects even the amount of starter solution. It should
be
measured more precisely than if only one process is used.
I think we all agree that parallel is superior to series for a number of
reasons.
>With two cells in series, the current will be equal in both cells.
>Because this is an electrolysis circuit, the amount of silver released
>is directly proportional to the amount of current going through the
cell
>(silver electrode). Therefore, the two cells will always be exactly
>*equal* in concentration of released silver.
I have a little problem with that statement. You even mentioned
that
the processes will vary a little.
Agreeing the current will be equal, ...... however the current value is
not
what determines the work load going on in each cell.
As one becomes more conductive, the resistance will be lower, and the
wattage will vary with this proportion ( lower than the other unit with
a
higher resistance ). If one becomes highly conductive, then a
proportional
increase in wattage will result in the other unit.
I do believe they will vary a small amount, but likely too little to be
significant. One batch may be 12 ppm and the other 15 ppm.
>The problem with series brewing is that the initial startup will be
>slower, with approximately half of the voltage being available at
>startup for each cell (two cell brew). If one cell is slower to start,
>the other must track it since the current is equal in both cells and is
>limited by the slower cell. It may take more than two times as long to
>brew as a single cell.
You are almost saying, ( hinting at ) the point I am making.
We need to be very careful when teaching the beginners the theory. The
theory we are talking about applies not only to CS process, but all
circuits.
We would not want them to think the current alone determines the
wattage. (
Work Performed )
( This is true when only one load exists in the circuit )
As the resistance changes within the process, the wattage will change
also
in proportion to the
square of the current times the resistance.
Since we agree the parallel setup will have less problems, this is a bit
trivia.
>Brewing cells in parallel will result in all cells brewing in about the
>same amount of time (assuming that the power supplies can regulate the
>voltage, and provide enough current if it has current control). There
>will be some variation in the final concentrations as some cells will
>brew faster and some slower.
The simple solution would be to mix all batches together to form one
ppm concentration.
I look at everything as a theoretical design and a mechanical design.
One can have a perfect theoretical design and a less than perfect
mechanical design.
Or Vice Versa, a perfect mechanical design and flawed theoretical
design.
I hope we get some facts of the process that Faith uses.
Wayne
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