The command to do the short test:

smartctl -d sat -T permissive --test=short /dev/sdb1

The drive seems to disable smart after a certain amount of time, and
smart must be enabled again, maybe because this is a "green" drive that
supposedly goes standby after some time of disuse.

In the report below, note this error:
Error SMART Status command failed
Please get assistance from http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
Values from ATA Return Descriptor are:
 00     09 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 4f 00 00 00 00

I hope it is meaningful to the developers.

Also

184 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always
-       0

worries me a little, as this is a brand new drive. Wikipedia says

184     B8      End-to-End error        
        This attribute is a part of HP's SMART IV technology and it
means that after transferring through the cache RAM data buffer the
parity data between the host and the hard drive did not match.

Maybe Seagate is using 184 for a similarly serious error.

HTH

Elaine
smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce 
Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     ST31500541AS
Serial Number:    6XW09RWS
Firmware Version: CC91
User Capacity:    1,500,301,910,016 bytes
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  ATA-8-ACS revision 4
Local Time is:    Mon Nov 16 19:08:54 2009 PST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

Error SMART Status command failed
Please get assistance from http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
Values from ATA Return Descriptor are:
 00     09 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 4f 00 00 00 00                              
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
                                        was completed without error.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                 ( 643) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off 
support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 255) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
                                        SCT Feature Control supported.
                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  
WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   107   100   006    Pre-fail  Always       
-       14086376
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       
-       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       
-       25
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       
-       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   100   253   030    Pre-fail  Always       
-       38654719904
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       
-       51
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       
-       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       
-       7
183 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       
-       0
184 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       
-       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       
-       0
188 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       
-       12885098499
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       
-       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   054   052   045    Old_age   Always       
-       46 (Lifetime Min/Max 17/48)
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   046   048   000    Old_age   Always       
-       46 (0 17 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   046   046   000    Old_age   Always       
-       14086376
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       
-       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      
-       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       
-       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      
-       156787781140508
241 Unknown_Attribute       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      
-       36616414
242 Unknown_Attribute       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      
-       10451418

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  
LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%        50         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%        50         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%        49         -
# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%        49         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

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