Does this particle emission have to be single pass? There are a number of ways you can do this. You could select the points of your moving mesh and plot curves from them, then use the curves to provides subframe interpolation to emit the particles.
You could emit particles from the moving mesh and in custom attributes store the emission frame and the ID of the vertex that emitted them. Then you can generate a bezier curve per emission vertex using the last 4 frames. Or you could try whatever Grahame has in mind.
