*Frontline Negotiations with Non-State Armed Groups/ Harvard University,
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Advanced Training
Program on Humanitarian Action 07.07.16*

by Rob Grace

Introduction

The current state of armed conflict differs greatly from when the first
Geneva Convention was adopted in 1864. Indeed, the first significant “test”
of the Geneva Convention of 1864 was the Austro-Prussia War of 1866, a
conflict that lasted just over two months.2 In contrast, in the 21st
century, the world is rife with protracted conflicts, many of which are
non-international in character.3 The proliferation of protracted
non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) has particularly defined the
post-Cold War era, and as a result, during the past two decades, non-state
armed groups (NSAGs) have become increasingly significant actors with which
humanitarian practitioners must perpetually engage in the field.

Aiming to assist in framing professional discussions related to frontline
humanitarian negotiations with NSAGs, this document offers a brief overview
of relevant academic and policy literature. This document is divided into
three sections. Section I describes scholarly approaches to devising a
typology of NSAGs and offers comments on the scope of humanitarian
engagement with NSAGs. Section II discusses several key challenges that
humanitarian practitioners have faced when negotiating with NSAGs. Section
III offers concluding remarks about professional discussions on these
issues moving forward.

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