Hej David,

sorry for my late response, I wanted to do some proper testing before 
reporting back to you. I did the following tests now, always using the -Od 
option and checking manually for Decoy hits:

a) I reran the analysis that I posted above with these results:

1) X!Tandem only without iProphet: 1884 (557), 1% model estimated error, 
18/1884 = 0.95% Decoy estimated error
2) X!Tandem only with iProphet: 1760 (854), 0.9% model estimated error, 
6/1760 = 0.34% Decoy estimated error
3) MSGF only without iProphet: 2138 (632), 1% model estimated error, 
31/2138 = 1.4% Decoy estimated error
4) MSGF only with iProphet: 1975 (876), 0.8% model estimated error, 8/1975 
= 0.4% Decoy estimated error
5) X!Tandem and MSGF without iProphet: 2176 (590), 0.5% model estimated 
error, 28/2176 = 1.2% Decoy estimated error
6) X!Tandem and MSGF with iProphet: 2154 (1057), 1% model estimated error, 
17/2154 = 0.8% Decoy estimated error

b) I included a 5% FDR on peptide level after PeptideProphet, based on the 
model estimate:

1) X!Tandem only without iProphet: 1847 (569), 1% model estimated error, 
13/1847 = 0.7% Decoy estimated error
2) X!Tandem only with iProphet: 1756 (848), 0.9% model estimated error, 
5/1756 = 0.3% Decoy estimated error
3) MSGF only without iProphet: 2125 (647), 1% model estimated error, 
29/2125 = 1.3% Decoy estimated error
4) MSGF only with iProphet: 1975 (875), 0.8% model estimated error, 8/1975 
= 0.4% Decoy estimated error
5) X!Tandem and MSGF without iProphet: 2216 (655), 0.9% model estimated 
error, 37/2216 = 1.6% Decoy estimated error
6) X!Tandem and MSGF with iProphet: 2157 (1065), 1% model estimated error, 
20/2157 = 0.9% Decoy estimated error

c) I used the less redundant swissprot database:

1) X!Tandem only without iProphet: 1812 (419), 0.7% model estimated error, 
15/1812 = 0.8% Decoy estimated error
2) X!Tandem only with iProphet: 1671 (752), 0.7% model estimated error, 
8/1671 = 0.5% Decoy estimated error
3) MSGF only without iProphet: 2077 (602), 0.8% model estimated error, 
0/2077 = 0% Decoy estimated error
4) MSGF only with iProphet: 1945 (855), 0.8% model estimated error, 0/1945 
= 0% Decoy estimated error
5) X!Tandem and MSGF without iProphet: 2238 (622), 1% model estimated 
error, 51/2187 = 2.3% Decoy estimated error
6) X!Tandem and MSGF with iProphet: 2147 (1031), 0.9% model estimated 
error, 21/2144 = 1% Decoy estimated error

My conclusions:
- shutting off the IPROPHET option in ProteinProphet lets the model 
underestimate the error. However, it is not far off.
- enabling the IPROPHET option in ProteinProphet gives a good error 
estimation, but one looses a lot of peptides from proteins that were 
identified by more than one peptide. As I understood the iProphet 
algorithms, such peptides should rather get a higher probability in 
iProphet.

I also uploaded the data to my dropbox and will send you the link.

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