At this risk of opening up a giant can of worms:
Does logical AND for SPDX make sense without more information? Even if a group 
of files clearly designate a single license at file level, and project 
identifies each of those licenses with logical AND at project level, you still 
can have misunderstandings if file level is not interrogated.

> On Jul 11, 2022, at 9:21 AM, Richard Fontana <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> If you take the patch referenced in the LWN article, you could rewrite that 
> as:
> 
> SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later AND ISC
> 
> But then subsequent modifications of the file are going to be assumed
> to be licensed under both GPLv2 and ISC, whereas it is likely the
> subsequent modifier conceptualized their changes as just being GPLv2.
> 
> This reminds me: I've recently been informed of a project that started
> using SPDX-License-Identifier: and this has led to a complicated issue
> around a desired license change because it appears as though many
> contributions to the project were inadvertently made under a
> conjunction of two licenses, which was the result of putting a
> conjunctive SPDX-License-Identifier statement in a README file. I
> don't have the case handy but it was something like, some source files
> were BSD-3-Clause, some were Apache-2.0, someone then helpfully put
> SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause AND Apache-2.0 in a README file,
> and then new source files started mechanically including
> SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause AND Apache-2.0.
> 
> Richard
> 
>> On Mon, Jul 11, 2022 at 12:12 PM Richard Fontana <[email protected]> wrote:
>> 
>> Ah, that is exactly the issue I was asking about a few years ago. The
>> response on this list was that an SPDX-License-Identifier: statement
>> consisting of an "AND" expression was good enough as an alternative.
>> But my view at the time was that this entailed a loss of information
>> -- you lose the idea that the GPL is in some sense the overarching or
>> dominant license of some set of code with some subsidiary elements
>> under distinct licenses.
>> 
>> I'm not sure what I think now. I will say, the norm SFLC was trying to
>> establish in the wake of the ath5k affair never really caught on.
>> 
>> The 'snippet' solution isn't really practical in many cases because
>> you won't often be able to precisely identify the boundaries of the
>> snippet.
>> 
>> Richard
>> 
>>> On Mon, Jul 11, 2022 at 12:06 PM McCoy Smith <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>> Back to the original query:
>>> Here’s an example of what I was talking about, albeit inbound BSD outbound 
>>> GPL
>>> 
>>> https://lwn.net/Articles/247806/
>>> 
>>> I’m suggestion an SPDX tag for what was used there:
>>> 
>>> This file is based on work under the following copyright and permission 
>>> notice:
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> On Jul 11, 2022, at 8:49 AM, McCoy Smith via lists.spdx.org 
>>>> <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> On Jul 11, 2022, at 7:58 AM, Warner Losh <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>> 
>>> You are right, this isn't the right place for this debate. I can't even 
>>> parse what you are saying here. copyleft has no legal basis as a term, so 
>>> I'm not at all sure what you are saying. You are also somewhat 
>>> misrepresenting what I'm saying and being a bit of a bully about it.
>>> 
>>> I asked a SPDX specific question. You jumped in with your legal analysis 
>>> unrelated to the question of whether there was an existing SPDX identifier 
>>> or should there be a new one. I responded to your off-topic thoughts. 
>>> That’s bullying?
>>> 
>>> But since nobody else thought it was a good idea, I think the notion in 
>>> SPDX is effectively dead unless another use case surfaces that makes sense.
>>> 
>>> You’ve expressed it’s not a good idea. Is that dispositive? Jilayne had 
>>> some mechanical/procedural questions about the questions I asked. Don’t 
>>> think anyone else has weighed in. If I know my mailing lists, not everyone 
>>> hops in immediately with their thoughts on proposals or questions.
>>> 
>>> 
>>> Warner
>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Warner Losh
>>>> Sent: Monday, July 11, 2022 7:20 AM
>>>> To: [email protected]
>>>> Subject: Re: [spdx] Specific SPDX identifier question I didn't see 
>>>> addressed in the specification
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> On Mon, Jul 11, 2022 at 8:13 AM McCoy Smith <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> “The concept you are talking about doesn't exist in law. You can only 
>>>> change the 'outbound' license if the 'inbound' license expressly allows 
>>>> it.”
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> You have a case citation for that?
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Do you have one that does or that refutes the theory that the copyright 
>>>> holder granted you the ability to do certain things, but not to change the 
>>>> license? Without that, you are redistributing copyrighted material without 
>>>> the permission of the copyright holder.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Again, I'm not a lawyer, but I've never encountered this in the last 30 
>>>> years of doing open source. Downstream additions with a new license always 
>>>> an 'AND' unless the original license granted otherwise.  It's certainly 
>>>> not the 'mainstream' of how open source operates and also goes against the 
>>>> oft-expressed desire to keep SPDX relatively simple.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Warner
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Warner Losh
>>>> Sent: Monday, July 11, 2022 7:07 AM
>>>> To: [email protected]
>>>> Cc: SPDX-legal <[email protected]>
>>>> Subject: Re: [spdx] Specific SPDX identifier question I didn't see 
>>>> addressed in the specification
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> On Mon, Jul 11, 2022 at 7:38 AM McCoy Smith <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> These questions are really off-topic.
>>>> 
>>>> If you have questions about interpretation of BSD licenses, you probably 
>>>> ought to ask them of your counsel (or if you’re associated with FreeBSD, 
>>>> their counsel).
>>>> 
>>>> There are also a lot of resources, many on-line and free, concerning the 
>>>> interpretation of most of the major open source licenses, including the 
>>>> BSD variants. This one might be instructive for you:
>>>> 
>>>> “The so-called new BSD license applied to FreeBSD within the last few 
>>>> years is effectively a statement that you can do anything with the program 
>>>> or its source, but you do not have any warranty and none of the authors 
>>>> has any liability (basically, you cannot sue anybody). *This new BSD 
>>>> license is intended to encourage product commercialization. Any BSD code 
>>>> can be sold or included in proprietary products without any restrictions 
>>>> on the availability of your code or your future behavior.*”
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/bsdl-gpl/
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> What does that have to do with anything? This is marketing material, not a 
>>>> license nor a grant to "file off" the old license and add your own new 
>>>> one. You are only allowed to add your new one and the old one is quite 
>>>> permissive otherwise.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> The concept you are talking about doesn't exist in law. You can only 
>>>> change the 'outbound' license if the 'inbound' license expressly allows 
>>>> it. The BSD license is quite permissive, but it isn't that permissive. So, 
>>>> your desire to express this concept in SPDX doesn't make sense. You are 
>>>> asking the SPDX license expression to cover something that's not a thing. 
>>>> That's my basic point, and so far you've done nothing to refute that.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Warner
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Warner Losh
>>>> Sent: Friday, July 1, 2022 2:11 PM
>>>> To: [email protected]
>>>> Cc: SPDX-legal <[email protected]>
>>>> Subject: Re: [spdx] Specific SPDX identifier question I didn't see 
>>>> addressed in the specification
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> On Fri, Jul 1, 2022, 2:17 PM McCoy Smith <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> Well the example is the reverse: inbound BSD-2-Clause, outbound MIT.
>>>> 
>>>> I’m more thinking license identifiers that go with the code (since I think 
>>>> for most folks that’s where they do license attribution/license copy 
>>>> requirements).
>>>> 
>>>> But obviously the issue/problem is more generic given that some permissive 
>>>> licenses allow the notice to be in either (or in some cases require in 
>>>> both) the source or documentation.
>>>> 
>>>> Are you allowed to do that without it becoming an AND? You can't just 
>>>> change the terms w/o permission like that I'd imagine... And I'm not sure 
>>>> how it would generalize...
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Warner
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of J Lovejoy
>>>> Sent: Friday, July 1, 2022 1:11 PM
>>>> To: SPDX-legal <[email protected]>
>>>> Subject: Re: [spdx] Specific SPDX identifier question I didn't see 
>>>> addressed in the specification
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Hi McCoy!
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> I’m moving the SPDX-general list to BCC and replying to SPDX-legal as that 
>>>> is the right place for this discussion.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Where is this question coming up in terms of context? That is, are you 
>>>> thinking in the context of an SPDX document and capturing  the licensing 
>>>> info for a file that is under MIT originally but then redistributed under 
>>>> BSD-2-Clause? Or are you thinking in the context of using an SPDX license 
>>>> identifiers in the source files?
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Thanks,
>>>> 
>>>> Jilayne
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> On Jul 1, 2022, at 12:01 PM, McCoy Smith <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> I didn’t see this particular topic addressed in the specification 
>>>> (although I’m happy to be correcedt if I missed it), so I thought I’d post 
>>>> and see whether there is a solution that’s commonly used, or if there’s 
>>>> room for a new identifier.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Virtually all so-called “permissive” licenses permit the recipient of code 
>>>> to license out under different terms, as long as all the requirements of 
>>>> the in-bound license are met. In almost all of these permissive licenses 
>>>> those requirement boil down to:
>>>> 
>>>> Preserve all existing IP notices (or in some cases, just copyright notices)
>>>> Provide a copy of the license (or something to that effect: retaining 
>>>> “this permission notice” (ICU/Unicode/MIT)  or “this list of conditions” 
>>>> (BSD) or providing “a copy of this License” (Apache 2.0))
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> The rules around element 1 and SPDX are well-described.
>>>> 
>>>> With regard to element 2, a fully-compliant but informative notice when 
>>>> there is a change from the in-bound to the out-bound license would look 
>>>> something like this (with the square bracketed part being an example of a 
>>>> way to say this):
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
>>>> 
>>>> [This file/package/project contains code originally licensed under:]
>>>> 
>>>> SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> The point being to express that the outbound license is MIT, but in order 
>>>> to fully comply with the requirements of BSD-2-Clause, one must retain “ 
>>>> this list of conditions and the following disclaimer” which including a 
>>>> copy of BSD-2-Clause accomplishes. Without the square bracketed statement 
>>>> above, it seems confusing as to what the license is (or whether, for 
>>>> example, the code is dual-licensed MIT AND BSD-2-Clause.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> One way to do this I suppose is to use the LicenseComment: field to 
>>>> include this information, but it seems to me that this is enough of a 
>>>> common situation that there ought to be something more specific to address 
>>>> this situation.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Thoughts? Am I missing something?
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 


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