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December 14, 2015
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Bourbon or Whiskey Barrel Storage
"I need assistance on determining the design criteria for a very old warehouse
built
in 1900. It's a typical wood framed building with brick exterior walls and
concrete
floors. The roof is pitch 4 in 12 where the peak is approximately 28 ft. and
the
eave is approximately 22 ft. The storage is white oak barrels filled with
Bourbon
stacked four high having top elevation of 9 ft-6 in. What NFPA standard would
apply?"
We have reviewed NFPA 13, 2016 edition that you indicated as the applicable
standard
as well as the 2015 edition of NFPA 30. Our informal interpretation is that
design
criteria for this application are outside the scope of NFPA standards.
The issue is the wooden barrels containing distilled spirits. Section 22.2.1
indicates
that sprinkler system discharge criteria for the protection of flammable and
combustible
liquids shall comply with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. NFPA
30 in Section 1.3.2 refers to Chapters 9 through 12 for the storage of
flammable
or combustible liquids in containers, portable tanks, and intermediate bulk
containers
in the occupancies covered by the scope of each chapter. Chapter 9 indicates in
parenthesis (7) that this chapter does not apply to Distilled spirits and wines
in wooden barrels or casks. The NFPA 30 Handbook commentary under this section
states, "This exemption from the provisions of Chapter 9 acknowledges that even
though distilled spirits and wines might be considered flammable liquids, the
wooden
barrels do not present the same rupture hazard as metal containers or the same
spill
hazards as plastic containers. When wooden barrels or casks are exposed to
fire,
they do not fail violently. Rather, the metal hoops on the barrels that secure
the staves expand and allow loosening of the staves, which results in leaking
distilled
spirits adding fuel to the fire. However, sprinkler systems often control the
fire
before the metal hoops on the barrels are affected. Also, note that the
distilled
spirits industry and The Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, Inc.
maintain
their own guideline document entitled Recommended Fire Protection Practices for
Distilled Spirits Beverage Facilities." Since the application is outside the
scope
of NFPA 30, that document may have discharge protection criteria for storage of
Bourbon or whiskey in white oak barrels.
The contents of the document above are not known but may allow sloped ceilings.
If document does not address sloped ceilings and references NFPA 13 criteria,
Section
12.1.2 regarding ceiling slope would apply. The sprinkler system criteria
specified
in Chapter 12 and Chapters 14 through 20 is intended to apply to buildings with
ceiling slopes not exceeding 2 in 12 (16.7 percent) unless modified by a
specific
section in Chapter 12 and Chapters 14 through 20. The exception would be if the
storage were qualified to fall within Chapter 13 for Miscellaneous Storage.
Click here for PDF Version
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2015, American Fire Sprinkler Association. All Rights Reserved
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