Dear Crispin, Kevin, Frank and all,
I have read the later responses, and I like the "washing", but only if
it is clearly shown that a type of dung (each type to be considered
separately) does emit "bad stuff" if not washed. Or wash it if
nutient value for plants is shown to make it worthwhile.
Otherwise, the extra work (and water that might not be plentiful)
could make dung fuel to be too much trouble to be well utilized widely.
Washed or not, I like dung fuel, have used it a little in India, and
would like to be part of the team.
In case you couldn't guess, my interest is in using dung fuel in TLUDs
(of various designs). Because TLUDs need "chunky dry biomass", I
will work on having appropriate sizes. Here are some initial thoughts:
1. Llama dung is the right size, as is the size from sheep and some
other animals. "Correct size" dung should not be washed (unless shown
to be with undesirable emissions. And that refers to the emissions
from TLUDs that have great abilities for nearly eliminating CO and PM.
But does the other "bad stuff" get through the TLUD fire? Not yet
studied, as far as I know.
2. Llamas have the nice habit of pooping in just a few locations.
Easy to collect it. And it is already in use widely in the high Andes
mountains area. And llamas as "luxury animals" or pets or for fine
hair fibers are now found in the Affluent societies, so there is
moderate access to the dung for experimental purposes.
3. For TLUDs. in India we made dung tablets. Could work also with
washed dung, maybe even better if washed. And it can be mixed with
sawdust or rice husks or other small-particle biomass that could even
be wet/green because the tablets need to be dried. The dung (or
mixture) is spread out on a firm flat surface (board, cement, asphalt,
whatever) about 1 to 3 cm thick. While wet, it is "scored" or
imprinted with the edge of a piece of metal (like a license plate) or
wood form. The imprints are parallel and about 3 to 6 cm apart, and
then again imprinted perpendicular to the first lines. When the dung
is dry, the tablets hang together in pieces with 4 to 8 tablets
together. Can be turned with a spatula (a large one) for drying on
the bottom. When fully dried, they are placed into bags or boxes.
the user finishes breaking them into the individual tablets when
placing the fuel into the TLUD (or other stove.).
So, let's have an outline of a plan of actions. Do it on the Stoves
Listserv in case we can attract a few more participants.
Paul "Dr. TLUD"
Proud to be working with "Captain Dung" or what was Kevin's name?
Quoting Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <[email protected]>:
Dear Burners of Recycled Biomass
We took delivery today of three (barely) steaming bags of goat and cattle
dung with a view to starting to look for ways to burn it cleanly in space
heating stoves.
If there is interest from anyone in cooperating (by making stoves and trying
them) we should start a thread here, preferably.
I have already heard from a couple of people and Prof Lodoysamba is
particularly interested. He says there are large amounts of goat dung which
is normally not burned by nomads, though cattle dung is. Probably the reason
is that no one has made a stove tuned to consume Capra Crap. Well, let's put
that omission behind us!
We can call it the Crapra Stove Project - an international effort to turn
steaming pellets into steaming pullets.
The focus will be on North Asia because that seems to be where the current
interest is.
Regards
Crispin
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