SUGARS Glucose. Also known as dextrose. Two names for the same thing. A 6-carbon sugar (hexose) with the empirical formula C6H12O6.
Dextrose. See above. Fructose. Also known as laevulose. A left-rotated isomer of glucose. A 6-carbon sugar Sucrose. A dimer (disaccharide). A combination of glucose and fructose with the empirical formula C12H22O11 (glucose + fructose - H2O) Isomers. Molecules with the same empirical formulae but different spatial arrangements of the -O and OH groups. Lactose. A dimer consisting of one molecule of glucose and one of galactose. Fructose syrup. A sweetener widely used in soft drinks, etc. Made from corn in 4 steps: Corn wet milling starch acid or enzyme glucose isomerization with enzyme fructose Starch. A polymer of glucose with alpha 1-4 linkages. The chains cannot pack together, water can enter, and the starch is water-soluble. Digestible by humans. Hydrolyzable with amylase enzymes. Cellulose. A polymer of glucose (typically 4- to 8,000 units) with b-1-4 linkages. Unlike starch, the spatial arrangement of the glucose units permit them to pack closely (crystallize) and prevent the entry of water. Cellulose consequently is insoluble and indigestible by humans. Can be hydrolyzed rapidly to glucose by strong mineral acid or (slowly) by a cellulase enzyme. Sweetness. Fructose: sucrose: glucose = 128:100:67 Fermentation. Sucrose. Ordinary yeast contains an enzyme which breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose ready for fermentation. Lactose requires a special yeast to ferment it to alcohol. Chiefly used for production of vodka because there is no natural flavour. -------------------------- eGroups Sponsor -------------------------~-~> eLerts It's Easy. It's Fun. Best of All, it's Free! http://click.egroups.com/1/9699/0/_/837408/_/977307603/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------_-> Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
