Some recent discussion on water injection focused on the cooling effect of the water and or ethanol. That is important as it would increase the effective turbo boost and increase the power output. If the boost effect is substantial though the increase in cylinder pressures must be a concern. Can the bottom end of the motor take it? Similar problem to after market fitting of turbos. Water CAN be blended with diesel!! A bus company in NSW (AUS) is trialing a 10% water emulsion using an emulsifying agent imported from the US. The stable emulsion looks like milk. The mix has a detergent effect, requiring precleaning of the fuel system to prevent filter blockage. In addition a coarser fuel filter is fitted. Apparently the water droplets are surrounded by diesel creating an effectively large particle size. The reported effects on pollution are similar to those recorded for diodiesel. In Bundaberg QLD a plant produces diesahol- a blend of ethanol with diesel. I have mixed absolute ethanol (and methanol) with biodiesel 50:50, the solution has been stable for 8 months now-no separation and no apparent freezing in response to sub zero nights. Low sulphur diesel has low lubricity and requires addition of a lubricant. I expect that either the water blend or the diesahol would be worse. It makes sense that the lubricant be biodiesel as it would also improve some of the fuel properties. I have no figures on the effect of either the water or Ethanol on Cetane but I would expect it to be lowered, both are reported to improve milage and power. Ethanol, bio and diesel blend quite well; to blend the water seems to require a "detergent" or emulsifier and since Fatty Acid Alcohols are the biodegradable detergents from the Eighties it follows that the biodiesel plant could provide them as well. I will look at the chemistry. Finding the best proportions of the four ingredients would require some factorial experimentation and may come down to cost effectiveness. It seems that this blend may be the most practical application of the current technology. For those interested in the blending process itself, consider homogenisation. Forcing a mixture through a slot at 3000 PSI onto an "anvil" apparently breaks up the particles in a way that prevents the components from separating hence creating a stable emulsion. The same may apply to the high freezing point Esters that have the potential to clog filters in cold weather, the crystals are very long and fibrous, just begging to be broken up by homogenisation. An alternative to removing them by winterisation. Regards from Harry.
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