But the flu also struck in many other parts of the world that didn't get vaccines.
Marylynn Schmidt wrote: >> "THE 1918 INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC WAS A VACCINE-CAUSED DISEASE >> E. McBean (Vaccination The Silent Killer p28) >> >> Very few people realize that the worst epidemic ever to hit America, the >> Spanish Influenza of 1918 was the after effect of the massive >> nation-wide >> vaccine campaign. .................. >> >> If we check back in history to that 1918 flu period, we will see that it >> suddenly struck just after the end of World War I when our soldiers were >> returning home from overseas. That was the first war in which all the >> known >> vaccines were forced on all the servicemen. This mish-mash of poison >> drugs >> and putrid protein of which the vaccines were composed, caused such >> widespread disease and death among the soldiers that it was the >> common talk >> of the day, that more of our men were being killed by medical shots >> than by >> enemy shots from guns. Thousands were invalided home or to military >> hospitals, as hopeless wrecks, before they ever saw a day of battle. The >> death and disease rate among the vaccinated soldiers was four times >> higher >> than among the unvaccinated civilians. But this did not stop the vaccine >> promoters. Vaccine has always been big business, and so it was continued >> doggedly." >> ********************* >> from my research >> >> Vaccines in use during WWI >> >> Besides smallpox vaccine, there is a history of typhoid vaccines, plague >> vaccines, diphtheria, rabies vaccine, tetanus antitoxin >> >> >> >> http://www.who.int/vaccines-diseases/history/history.shtml >> # 1885 Rabies >> # 1897 Plague >> >> http://www.worldpsychology.net/World%20Psychology/OriginalCorePages/marriage >> >> 8.htm >> 1895 Diptheria vaccination program begins. Over the period lasting until >> 1907, 63,249 cases of diptheria were treated with anti-toxin. Over 8,900 >> died, giving a fatality rate of 14%. Over the same period, 11,716 cases >> were not treated with anti-toxin, of which 703 died, giving a >> fatality rate >> of 6%. >> >> 1919 Diptheria vaccinations injure 60 and kill 10 in Texas. >> >> http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2003/05/08/story265526733.asp >> But US Army records show that seven men dropped dead after being >> vaccinated. >> >> A report from US Secretary of War Henry L Stimson not only verified >> these >> deaths but also stated that there had been 63 deaths and 28,585 cases of >> hepatitis as a direct result of yellow fever vaccination during only six >> months of the war. >> >> That was only one of the 14 to 25 shots given to recruits. >> >> Army records also reveal that after vaccination became compulsory in >> the US >> Army in 1911, not only did typhoid increase rapidly but all other >> vaccinal >> diseases increased at an alarming rate. >> >> After America entered the war in 1917, the death rate from typhoid >> vaccination rose to the highest point in the history of the US Army. >> >> The deaths occurred after the shots were given in sanitary American >> hospitals and well-supervised army camps in France, where sanitation had >> been practised for years. >> >> The report of the Surgeon-General of the US Army shows that during 1917 >> there were admitted into the army hospitals 19,608 men suffering from >> anti-typhoid inoculation and vaccinia. >> >> ****** >> http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-35678 >> Tetanus >> from the medicine, history of article >> The other great hazard of war that was brought under control in World >> War I >> was tetanus. This was achieved by the prophylactic injection of tetanus >> antitoxin into all wounded men. The serum was originally prepared by the >> bacteriologists Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato in 1890–92, >> and >> the results of this first large-scale trial amply confirmed its >> efficacy. ... >> >> In 1897 the English bacteriologist Almroth Wright introduced a vaccine >> prepared from killed typhoid bacilli as a preventive of typhoid. >> Preliminary trials in the Indian army produced excellent results, and >> typhoid vaccination was adopted for the use of British troops serving in >> the South African War. Unfortunately, the method of administration was >> inadequately >> >> *********** >> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ui >> >> ds=10963505&dopt=Citation >> South Med J. 2000 Aug;93(8):763-7. Related Articles, Links >> >> 'Bacilli and bullets': William Osler and the antivaccination movement. >> >> Greenberg SB. >> >> Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of >> Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. >> >> Public discourse concerning current vaccination recommendations has >> dramatically increased. The current battle is not new, having had a >> lengthy >> foreshadowing during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Over a 30-year >> period, a concerted effort to limit the use of smallpox vaccine grew >> at the >> very time typhoid vaccines were being developed and advocated for >> widespread prevention. As a long time advocate for widespread smallpox >> vaccination and a supporter of the newly tested typhoid vaccine, Sir >> William Osler entered the public debate at the beginning of World War I. >> Osler was asked to address the officers and men in the British army >> on the >> need for typhoid vaccination. His speech entitled "Bacilli and Bullets" >> outlined the medical reasons for getting inoculated against typhoid. >> Osler's strong support for typhoid vaccination of the British troops was >> met by opposition in Parliament but not by most of the troops. Osler's >> arguments in support of vaccination failed to respond to the concept of >> "conscientious objection," which was central to the antivaccinationists' >> argument. Similar arguments are being propounded by current >> antivaccination >> groups. >> >> ********** >> http://www.smallpox.army.mil/messageMap/messageMapAll.asp?cID=152 >> From 1777 to today, vaccines protected American troops from dangerous >> infections. Typhoid vaccine reduced typhoid casualties from 20,000 in >> Spanish-American War of 1898 to just 1,500 in World War I. >> >> ********* >> http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IBY/is_4_79/ai_103382403 >> "In 1899 during the Boer War, the British developed the typhoid >> vaccine. As >> history has shown, people are usually opposed to vaccines, and the >> opposition to the typhoid vaccine grew among the British Army troops. >> Opposition personnel even boarded transport ships in Southampton >> Harbor and >> threw the typhoid vaccine into the water. As a result, the British Army >> made the typhoid vaccine optional and only 14,000 soldiers >> volunteered to >> take it. During the Boer War itself, 58,000 British troops contracted >> typhoid fever and 9,000 needlessly died from the disease. Among those >> vaccinated, only 2 percent became infected, and they survived. The >> overall >> result, however, was that the British lost the Boer War. But a lesson >> had >> been learned; in 1914 during World War 1,97 percent of the British >> troops >> opted to take the typhoid vaccine." >> >> ********* >> http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1870/august_17_1870_57599.html >> August 17, 1870 in History >> Frederick Russell, developed 1st successful typhoid fever vaccine >> >> http://www.mnmed.org/publications/MNMed2002/February/Blanck.html >> Published monthly by the Minnesota Medical Association >> February 2002/Volume 85 >> >> The History of Immunization in the U.S. Armed Forces >> >> For centuries, the U.S. military has led the charge against infectious >> disease. >> >> "Even before the Spanish-American War, the new science of >> bacteriology was >> marching on. In Paris in 1898, Fernand Widal showed that the serum >> from a >> recovered patient would cause typhoid bacteria to clump. From that >> came the >> Widal test, the first serodiagnosis. >> >> In Germany in 1896, Richard Pfeiffer demonstrated that cholera bacilli >> would agglutinate in vivo as well as in guinea pig peritoneum, which >> suggested to him and Elmo Wright in England that perhaps dead bacilli >> could >> produce an antibody response. This understanding led, in 1896, to the >> development of a typhoid vaccine, which was used by the British >> during the >> Boer War. Lt. Col. William Leishman of England continued this research, >> developing standard methods of production and performing statistically >> sound epidemiological studies, which by 1908 showed that two shots of >> typhoid vaccine gave excellent protection. >> >> In 1908, U.S. Army Surgeon General Robert O’Reilly decided that the U.S. >> Army needed to study Leishman’s vaccine. He sent Capt. Frederick >> Russell to >> England to study with Leishman and then to learn Pfeiffer’s >> methodology in >> Germany. Russell returned to the Army Medical School laboratories in >> Washington, D.C., and began to make vaccines with the combination of >> German >> and English methods. >> >> In 1911, Army Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood (who began his army >> career as a medical officer) ordered that the Army be immunized and that >> the immunizations be recorded. So from 1911 on, the Army and Navy >> personnel >> were immunized against typhoid fever. This made a critical difference in >> the health of the military personnel. The high rates of morbidity and >> mortality during the Spanish-American War in 1898 (from typhoid) >> faded to >> essentially nothing by World War I." >> >> *********** >> http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/bulletin_of_the_history >> >> _of_medicine/v074/74.2hardy.html&session=23645538 >> Hardy, Anne, Dr ""Straight back to Barbarism": Antityphoid >> Inoculation and >> the Great War, 1914" >> Bulletin of the History of Medicine - Volume 74, Number 2, Summer >> 2000, pp. >> 265-290 >> The Johns Hopkins University Press >> >> Excerpt >> >> On 27 August 1914, just three weeks after the outbreak of the Great War, >> Sir William Osler, Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford University, >> wrote >> a letter to the Times, in which he urged the necessity of compulsorily >> vaccinating British troops against typhoid. "In war," he pressed, "the >> microbe kills more than the bullet," and he reminded his readers that >> more >> men had died of dysentery and typhoid in the Boer War than had died in >> action. 1 Osler's plea was supported, in the first week of September, by >> letters from Sir Lauder Brunton, an acknowledged leader of the medical >> profession, and Sir Almroth Wright, head of the Inoculation >> Department at >> St Mary's Hospital, London, and a pioneer of antityphoid vaccine. 2 >> On 28 >> September Wright wrote again, arguing the case for compulsory >> vaccination >> at far greater length. "An army going on active service," he stated, >> "goes >> from the sanitary conditions of civilization straight back to those of >> barbarism. It goes out to confront dangers which have, in settled >> communities, been so completely extinguished as to have passed almost >> out >> of mind." 3 [End Page 265] >> >> On the face of it, these letters may be read as a reflection of medical >> altruism, of concern that governmental and military authorities >> should take >> advantage of the latest developments of modern medicine in protecting >> their >> armies and the wider war effort from the ravages of disease--but the >> reality was less prosaic, less disinterested, and considerably more >> complicated. Behind these letters lay a continuing tension between the >> British medical community's attempts to gain acceptance for the >> perceived >> benefits of immunization, and the political consensus and popular >> sensitivities established within the wider social context of British >> liberal adjustment to a modernizing industrial society. 4 The context of >> war, moreover, sharpened a parallel... >> >> ************* >> http://nobelprize.org/medicine/articles/behring/ >> The Introduction of Serum Therapy >> >> The first successful therapeutic serum treatment of a child suffering >> from >> diphtheria occurred in 1891. Until then more than 50,000 children in >> Germany died yearly of diphtheria. During the first few years, there >> was no >> successful breakthrough for this form of therapy, as the antitoxins were >> not sufficiently concentrated. Not until the development of >> enrichment by >> the bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) along with a precise >> quantification and standardization protocol, was an exact >> determination of >> quality of the antitoxins presented and successfully developed. Behring >> subsequently decided to draw up a contract with Ehrlich as the >> foundation >> of their future collaboration. They organized a laboratory under a >> railroad >> circle (Stadtbahnbogen) in Berlin, where they could then obtain the >> serum >> in large amounts by using large animals – first sheep and later horses. >> >> In 1892, Behring and the Hoechst chemical and pharmaceutical company at >> Frankfurt/Main, started working together, as they recognized the >> therapeutic potential of the diphtheria antitoxin. From 1894, the >> production and marketing of the therapeutic serum began at Hoechst. >> Besides >> many positive reactions, there was also noticeable criticism. >> Resistance, >> however, was soon put aside, due to the success of the therapy. >> >> >> The Marburg Years >> >> Behring was given the opportunity to start a university career >> through one >> of the leading officers (Ministerialrat) of the Prussian Ministry of >> Education and Cultural Affairs, Friedrich Althoff (1839-1908), who >> wanted >> to improve the control of epidemics in Prussia by supporting >> bacteriological research. After a short period as professor at the >> University of Halle-Wittenberg, Behring was recruited by Althoff to take >> over the vacant chair in hygiene at Philipps Marburg University on >> April 1, >> 1895. His appointment as full professor followed shortly thereafter >> against >> the will of the faculty, who besides all of Behring's outstanding >> discoveries, wanted a university lecturer who would broadly represent >> the >> field. However, Althoff rejected all counterproposals and Behring >> took over >> as Director of the Institute of Hygiene at Marburg. His position >> included >> giving lectures for hygiene and concurrently held a teaching contract in >> the history of medicine. In 1896, the Marburg Institute of Hygiene >> moved to >> a building on a road nearby Pilgrimstein Road, previously the Surgery >> Clinic. Behring divided the Institute into two departments, a Research >> Department for Experimental Therapy and a Teaching Department for >> Hygiene >> and Bacteriology. He remained Director of the Institute until his >> retirement as professor in May 1916. >> >> >> Scientific Contacts >> >> Behring belonged to a scientific discussion group called "The Marburg >> Circle" (das Marburger Kränzchen), whose other members were the >> zoologist >> Eugen Korschelt (1858-1946), the surgeon Paul Friedrich (1864-1916), the >> botanist Arthur Meyer (1850-1922), the physiologist Friedrich Schenk >> (1862-1916), the pathologist Carl August Beneke (1861-1945) and the >> pharmacologist August Gürber (1864-1937). They often met at Behring's >> home >> where they had rounds of vivid and prolific scientific discussions. >> >> >> Active Protective Vaccination against Diphtheria >> Old vials (1897 and 1906) with hand-written labels. >> Photo: Courtesy of Aventis Behring >> >> The therapeutic serum developed by Behring prevented diphtheria for >> only a >> short period of time. In 1901, Behring, therefore, for the first >> time, used >> a diphtheria innoculation of bacteria with reduced virulence. With this >> active immunization he hoped to help the body also produce >> antitoxins. As a >> supporter of the humoral theory of immune response, Behring believed >> in the >> long-term protective action of these antitoxins found in serum. It is >> well-established knowledge today that active vaccination stimulates the >> antitoxin (antibody) producing cells to full function. >> >> The development of an active vaccine took a few years. In 1913, Behring >> went public with his diphtheria protective agent, T.A. >> (Toxin-Antitoxin). >> It contained a mixture of diphtheria toxin and therapeutic serum >> antitoxin. >> The toxin was meant to cause a light general response of the body, >> but not >> to harm the person who is vaccinated. In addition, it was designed to >> provide long-term protection. The new drug was tested at various clinics >> and was proven to be non-harmful and effective. >> >> ************* >> http://nobelprize.org/medicine/articles/behring/ >> Tetanus Therapeutic Serum during World War I >> >> In 1891, tetanus serum was introduced considerably more quickly in >> clinical >> practices than the diphtheria serum. The Agricultural Ministry supported >> research efforts to develop a therapeutic agent against tetanus to >> protect >> agriculturally valuable animals. The large amounts of serum required >> were >> obtained through the immunization of horses. However, there was no >> substantial clinical testing on humans; this led the Military >> Administration to accept it only on a small scale at the beginning of >> World >> War I. >> >> During the first months of the war, this restraint led to massive >> losses of >> human lives. Also, after the distribution of the tetanus antitoxins >> in the >> military hospitals, many futile attempts at therapy were noted. At >> the end >> of 1914, as a result of Behring's constructive assistance, the >> injection of >> serum was established as preventing disease. Starting in April 1915, the >> mistakes in dosage and the shortage of supplies were overcome and the >> numbers of sick fell dramatically. Behring was declared "Saviour of the >> German Soldiers" and was awarded the the Prussian Iron Cross medal. >> >> ************ >> http://www.vaccines.army.mil/default.aspx?cnt=disease/minidv&dID=43 >> In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively >> transferred >> antitoxin, and passive immunization in humans was used during World >> War I. >> >> http://www.mmhc.com/altc/displayArticle.cfm?articleID=altcac407 >> Passive immunization was used during World War I >> >> >> *********** >> History of Plague Vaccines >> >> Killed bacteria have been used in plague vaccines since 1896 >> >> http://www.vnh.org/MedAspChemBioWar/chapters/chapter_23.htm#immunization >> >> The first plague vaccine, consisting of killed whole cells, was >> developed >> by Russian physician Waldemar M. W. Haffkine, working in India in 1897. >> >> http://www.vnh.org/MedAspChemBioWar/chapters/chapter_23.htm#immunization >> Plague vaccines have been used with varying effectiveness since the late >> nineteenth century. >> >> http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0805066802/104-2280869-7143930 >> >> ?v=glance >> Yersin went on to discover a vaccine for the plague, which he began >> administering in India in 1898. >> >> ********* >> http://americanhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/history2.htm >> As more immunizing agents became available, people saw the benefit of >> immunizing large groups, such as soldiers. During World War I, they were >> vaccinated against diphtheria >> >> >> Also a history of Biological Warfare in WWI >> 1915 >> >> Dr Anton Dilger, a noted German-American Physician, established a small >> biological agent production facility at his northwest Washington, DC >> home. >> Using cultures of Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) and Pseudomonas Mallei >> (Glanders) supplied by the Imperial German government, Dilger >> produced an >> estimated liter or more of liquid agent. He reportedly passed the >> agent and >> a standard inoculation device to dock workers in Baltimore who used >> them to >> infect a reported 3500 horses, mules and cattle destined for the Allied >> troops who were waging World War 1. Several Hundred military >> personnel were >> infected as well. >> >> >> -------------------------------------------------------- >> Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA, Classical Homeopath >> Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & Wales UK >> $$ Donations to help in the work - accepted by Paypal account >> [EMAIL PROTECTED] voicemail US 530-740-0561 >> (go to http://www.paypal.com) or by mail >> Vaccines - http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm >> Vaccine Dangers On-Line course - >> http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccineclass.htm >> Homeopathy On-Line course - http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/homeo.htm >> ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL >> OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE. >> ****** >> "Just look at us. Everything is backwards; everything is upside down. >> Doctors destroy health, lawyers destroy justice, universities destroy >> knowledge, governments destroy freedom, the major media destroy >> information >> and religions destroy spirituality" ....Michael Ellner >> >> > > > >------------------------------------------------------------------------ > >_______________________________________________ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > _______________________________________________ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
