> On May 28, 2016, at 2:31 PM, Thorsten Seitz via swift-evolution 
> <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> I’m not happy with that restriction in the proposal:
> 
> Existentials cannot be used with generics in the following ways:
> 
> In generic declarations, with the requirements composed out of generic type 
> variables:
> 
> // NOT ALLOWED
> func foo<A, B>(x: A, y: B) -> Any<A, B> { ... }
> 
> Why is that not allowed?
> 
> I would have hoped to be able to write something like
> 
> func union<A, B>(x: Set<A>, y: Set<B>) -> Set<Any<A, B>> { … }

What do you expect to happen when someone writes: `union(Set<Int>(), 
Set<String>())`?

> 
> 
> -Thorsten
> 
> 
> 
>> Am 26.05.2016 um 07:53 schrieb Austin Zheng via swift-evolution 
>> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>:
>> 
>> The inimitable Joe Groff provided me with an outline as to how the design 
>> could be improved. I've taken the liberty of rewriting parts of the proposal 
>> to account for his advice.
>> 
>> It turns out the runtime type system is considerably more powerful than I 
>> expected. The previous concept in which protocols with associated types' 
>> APIs were vended out selectively and using existentials has been discarded.
>> 
>> Instead, all the associated types that belong to an existential are 
>> accessible as 'anonymous' types within the scope of the existential. These 
>> anonymous types are not existentials - they are an anonymous representation 
>> of whatever concrete type is satisfying the existential's value's underlying 
>> type's associated type.
>> 
>> This is an enormous step up in power - for example, an existential can 
>> return a value of one of these anonymous associated types from one function 
>> and pass it into another function that takes the same type, maintaining 
>> perfect type safety but without ever revealing the actual type. There is no 
>> need anymore to limit the APIs exposed to the user, although there may still 
>> exist APIs that are semantically useless without additional type information.
>> 
>> A set of conversions has also been defined. At compile-time 'as' can be used 
>> to turn values of these anonymous associated types back into existentials 
>> based on the constraints defined earlier. 'as?' can also be used for 
>> conditional casting of these anonymously-typed values into potential actual 
>> types.
>> 
>> As always, the link is here, and feedback would be greatly appreciated: 
>> https://github.com/austinzheng/swift-evolution/blob/az-existentials/proposals/XXXX-enhanced-existentials.md
>>  
>> <https://github.com/austinzheng/swift-evolution/blob/az-existentials/proposals/XXXX-enhanced-existentials.md>
>> 
>> Best,
>> Austin
>> 
>> On Tue, May 24, 2016 at 5:09 AM, Matthew Johnson via swift-evolution 
>> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>> Sent from my iPad
>> 
>> On May 23, 2016, at 9:52 PM, Brent Royal-Gordon via swift-evolution 
>> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>> 
>> >> One initial bit of feedback -  I believe if you have existential types, I 
>> >> believe you can define Sequence Element directly, rather than with a type 
>> >> alias. e.g.
>> >>
>> >> protocol Sequence {
>> >>  associatedtype Element
>> >>  associatedtype Iterator: any<IteratorProtocol where 
>> >> IteratorProtocol.Element==Element>
>> >>  associatedtype SubSequence: any<Sequence where Sequence.Element == 
>> >> Element>
>> >>  …
>> >> }
>> >
>> > That's not really the same thing. Any<IteratorProtocol> is an existential, 
>> > not a protocol. It's basically an automatically-generated version of our 
>> > current `AnyIterator<T>` type (though with some additional flexibility). 
>> > It can't appear on the right side of a `:`, any more than AnyIterator 
>> > could.
>> 
>> After this proposal you should be able to use these existentials anywhere 
>> you can place a constraint, so it would work.  You can do this with the 
>> protocol composition operator today and the future existential is just an 
>> extension of that capability.
>> 
>> >
>> > What *would* work is allowing `where` clauses on associated types:
>> >
>> >> protocol Sequence {
>> >>  associatedtype Element
>> >>  associatedtype Iterator: IteratorProtocol where Iterator.Element==Element
>> >>  associatedtype SubSequence: Sequence where SubSequence.Element == Element
>> >>  …
>> >> }
>> >
>> > I believe this is part of the generics manifesto.
>> >
>> > --
>> > Brent Royal-Gordon
>> > Architechies
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
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>> 
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