texascavers Digest 15 Feb 2011 16:52:50 -0000 Issue 1249
Topics (messages 17179 through 17187):
Re: Bretz's flood
17179 by: tbsamsel.verizon.net
17182 by: Ed Goff
OT - Scout troop needs a canoe
17180 by: Jon
Ellisons Body Recoveries
17181 by: Geary Schindel
Re: Technical Meeting
17183 by: Geary Schindel
fiction quiz answers
17184 by: Mixon Bill
Do you suppose?
17185 by: speleosteele.aol.com
Re: OT-fly story
17186 by: Mark Minton
Re: Mystery at Jester Cave!!!
17187 by: Charles Goldsmith
Administrivia:
To subscribe to the digest, e-mail:
<[email protected]>
To unsubscribe from the digest, e-mail:
<[email protected]>
To post to the list, e-mail:
<[email protected]>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- Begin Message ---
Images are here..
One of these washed up the Willamette Valley, BTW. The "intelligent design" folks use this stuff, too. Be careful out there.
T
I think there's a computer generated model of this flood somewhere out there...if I find it, I'll post it.
"let me take you to the Channeled Scablands, baby!"
Interesting, Diana. Thanks
--Ediger
On Mon, Feb 14, 2011 at 4:22 PM, Diana Tomchick
wrote:
> I first heard of the Glacial Lake Missoula flood in my Physical Geology class at Washington State University. The most famous coulee that resulted from the flood was of course the one that was filled with water as a result of the Grand Coulee Dam. It was always a treat to hear about interesting geologic formations (and the state of Washington is full of them), then go on a short road trip to see them firsthand.
>
> For photos of the current landscape and an interesting graphic outlining the extent of the flooding, see this article from the Washington State University alumni magazine and also the Ice Age Floods Institute web site.
>
> http://wsm.wsu.edu/s/index.php?id=472
>
> http://www.iafi.org/
>
> Diana
>
> * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
> Diana R. Tomchick
> Associate Professor
> University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
> Department of Biochemistry
> 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.
> Rm. ND10.214B
> Dallas, TX 75390-8816, U.S.A.
> Email: [email protected]
> 214-645-6383 (phone)
> 214-645-6353 (fax)
>
>
>
> On Feb 13, 2011, at 9:28 PM, Mixon Bill wrote:
>
>> The cave connection of this second item from the "Windy City Speleonews" is just J Harlen Bretz. Yes, no period after the J, which was his full name. I had lunch with him when he was 94 at his house, Boulderstrewn, in Homewood, Illinois. I happened to drive by, on the way to the NSS convention in Bellingham, Washington, a few years ago, the Dry Falls three miles wide, where the state of Washington has a picnic area and displays. One non-technical source on the falls is http://www.gonorthwest.com/Washington/northeast/Dry_Falls.htm, although links onward from that page are broken. -- Mixon
>>
>> Cavers know J Harlen Bretz mainly as the author of "Caves of Missouri" and coauthor of "Caves of Illinois," which was published when he was 78 years old. To speleologists, he is best known for his famous 1942 "Journal of Geology" paper on vadose and phreatic features of caves. But his geological studies were by no means restricted to caves, and he is probably best known for (and is most proud of) of series of papers published between 1923 and 1932 in which he described the very peculiar geology of a large area in eastern Washington that he correctly attributed to a catastrophic flood. This theory was considered outrageous at the time, partly, at least, because it was a departure from the only recently ascendent geological dogma of uniformitarianism. But more recent research has fully proved him right.
>>
>> A lake, called Lake Missoula, was created in western Montana by a dam of glacier ice in northern Idaho. The lake contained some four hundred cubic miles of water that were released suddenly when melting caused the dam to fail. The resulting flood, called the Spokane Flood after the city presently near the upstream end, scoured nearly three thousand square miles down to bedrock and created huge canyons and cataracts, one three miles wide. It deposited gravel bars, some of which contain boulders several feet in diameter, a hundred feet high and a mile long, topped with giant current ripple-marks ten feet high. The water ponded behind the Wallula Gap, through which it poured a thousand feet deep. The peak flow from Lake Missoula, attested to by current ripples fifty feet high, has been calculated at twenty million cubic meters per second. (This is fifteen _cubic miles_ per hour. For comparison purposes, it is one hundred fifty times the mean flow of the Amazon River and ten or twenty times the total average flow of fresh water into the oceans of the world.) In a few days, it was all over.
>>
>> (Actually, there were a good number of such floods, as the ice dam reestablished itself. Note added 2011.)
>> ----------------------------------------
>> A fearless man cannot be brave.
>> ----------------------------------------
>> You may "reply" to the address this message
>> came from, but for long-term use, save:
>> Personal: [email protected]
>> AMCS: [email protected] or [email protected]
>>
>>
>> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
>> Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
>> To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
>> For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
>>
>
>
> ________________________________
>
> UT Southwestern Medical Center
> The future of medicine, today.
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
> To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
> For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
>
>
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
--------------------------------------------------------------------- Visit our website: http://texascavers.com To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected] For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
There's also a NOVA documentary about this called "Mystery of the
Megaflood":
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/megaflood/
Ed
On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 6:40 AM, <[email protected]> wrote:
> Images are here..
>
> http://hugefloods.com/Video.html
>
> http://iceagefloods.blogspot.com/
>
> One of these washed up the Willamette Valley, BTW. The "intelligent
> design" folks use this stuff, too. Be careful out there.
>
> T
>
>
>
>
> Feb 15, 2011 06:34:14 AM, [email protected] wrote:
>
> I think there's a computer generated model of this flood somewhere out
> there...if I find it, I'll post it.
>
> "let me take you to the Channeled Scablands, baby!"
>
> T
>
>
> Feb 14, 2011 07:58:53 PM, [email protected] wrote:
>
> Interesting, Diana. Thanks
> --Ediger
>
> On Mon, Feb 14, 2011 at 4:22 PM, Diana Tomchick
> wrote:
> > I first heard of the Glacial Lake Missoula flood in my Physical Geology
> class at Washington State University. The most famous coulee that resulted
> from the flood was of course the one that was filled with water as a result
> of the Grand Coulee Dam. It was always a treat to hear about interesting
> geologic formations (and the state of Washington is full of them), then go
> on a short road trip to see them firsthand.
> >
> > For photos of the current landscape and an interesting graphic outlining
> the extent of the flooding, see this article from the Washington State
> University alumni magazine and also the Ice Age Floods Institute web site.
> >
> > http://wsm.wsu.edu/s/index.php?id=472
> >
> > http://www.iafi.org/
> >
> > Diana
> >
> > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
> > Diana R. Tomchick
> > Associate Professor
> > University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
> > Department of Biochemistry
> > 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.
> > Rm. ND10.214B
> > Dallas, TX 75390-8816, U.S.A.
> > Email: [email protected]
> > 214-645-6383 (phone)
> > 214-645-6353 (fax)
> >
> >
> >
> > On Feb 13, 2011, at 9:28 PM, Mixon Bill wrote:
> >
> >> The cave connection of this second item from the "Windy City Speleonews"
> is just J Harlen Bretz. Yes, no period after the J, which was his full name.
> I had lunch with him when he was 94 at his house, Boulderstrewn, in
> Homewood, Illinois. I happened to drive by, on the way to the NSS convention
> in Bellingham, Washington, a few years ago, the Dry Falls three miles wide,
> where the state of Washington has a picnic area and displays. One
> non-technical source on the falls is
> http://www.gonorthwest.com/Washington/northeast/Dry_Falls.htm, although
> links onward from that page are broken. -- Mixon
> >>
> >> Cavers know J Harlen Bretz mainly as the author of "Caves of Missouri"
> and coauthor of "Caves of Illinois," which was published when he was 78
> years old. To speleologists, he is best known for his famous 1942 "Journal
> of Geology" paper on vadose and phreatic features of caves. But his
> geological studies were by no means restricted to caves, and he is probably
> best known for (and is most proud of) of series of papers published between
> 1923 and 1932 in which he described the very peculiar geology of a large
> area in eastern Washington that he correctly attributed to a catastrophic
> flood. This theory was considered outrageous at the time, partly, at least,
> because it was a departure from the only recently ascendent geological dogma
> of uniformitarianism. But more recent research has fully proved him right.
> >>
> >> A lake, called Lake Missoula, was created in western Montana by a dam of
> glacier ice in northern Idaho. The lake contained some four hundred cubic
> miles of water that were released suddenly when melting caused the dam to
> fail. The resulting flood, called the Spokane Flood after the city presently
> near the upstream end, scoured nearly three thousand square miles down to
> bedrock and created huge canyons and cataracts, one three miles wide. It
> deposited gravel bars, some of which contain boulders several feet in
> diameter, a hundred feet high and a mile long, topped with giant current
> ripple-marks ten feet high. The water ponded behind the Wallula Gap, through
> which it poured a thousand feet deep. The peak flow from Lake Missoula,
> attested to by current ripples fifty feet high, has been calculated at
> twenty million cubic meters per second. (This is fifteen _cubic miles_ per
> hour. For comparison purposes, it is one hundred fifty times the mean flow
> of the Amazon River and ten or twenty times the total average flow of fresh
> water into the oceans of the world.) In a few days, it was all over.
> >>
> >> (Actually, there were a good number of such floods, as the ice dam
> reestablished itself. Note added 2011.)
> >> ----------------------------------------
> >> A fearless man cannot be brave.
> >> ----------------------------------------
> >> You may "reply" to the address this message
> >> came from, but for long-term use, save:
> >> Personal: [email protected]
> >> AMCS: [email protected] or [email protected]
> >>
> >>
> >> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> >> Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
> >> To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
> >> For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
> >>
> >
> >
> > ________________________________
> >
> > UT Southwestern Medical Center
> > The future of medicine, today.
> >
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
> > To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
> > For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
> >
> >
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
> To unsubscribe, e-mail: [email protected]
> For additional commands, e-mail: [email protected]
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------- Visit
> our website: http://texascavers.com To unsubscribe, e-mail:
> [email protected] For additional commands, e-mail:
> [email protected]
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------- Visit
> our website: http://texascavers.com To unsubscribe, e-mail:
> [email protected] For additional commands, e-mail:
> [email protected]
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Yes I know this is totally Off Topic of caving. Push "DELETE" if you would
like.
However, I know a lot of cavers also enjoy paddling rivers from time to time
and some may have even purchased a canoe in the past. If that canoe is now
taking up space and you would like to transform it to cash, or negotiate a
donation, do I have a deal for you. A scout troop is in need of a canoe or two
in good shape.
Please contact me off list if you would like to sale a canoe.
Jon
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/2011/02/14/2011-02-14_2_university_of_florida_students_die_after_getting_trapped_in_cave_during_trip_i.html
More on the Ellison's body recoveries.
This link was posted on TAGNET.
Geary
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
FYI,
Though you all might be interested. Sorry for the short notice. Todd will
also be making the presentation to the UT Grotto on Wednesday evening on
Mapping and Modeling Underwater Caves & Application to Groundwater Management.
Thanks,
Geary
Edwards Aquifer Philosophical Society -
Wednesday, February 16, 2011 (3:30 PM)
Edwards Aquifer Authority
Conference Room
1615 N. St. Mary's Street, San Antonio, TX
We are pleased to announce that Dr. Todd Kincaid, will be making a presentation
titled: Demonstrating interconnection between a wastewater application and a
first magnitude spring in a karstic watershed: Tracer stdy of the Tallahassee,
Florida Treated Effluent Spray Field 2006-2007.
The presentation will be held on Wednesday, February 16, 2011 at 3:30 PM to
4:30 PM in the conference room at the Edwards Aquifer Authority. For
directions or further information, the Authority may be contacted at
210.222.2204 or www.edwardsaquifer.org<http://www.edwardsaquifer.org/>
If you are traveling a long distance to the talk, I would recommend that you
call our receptionist that morning to make sure that the talk is still
scheduled at the number below. On very rare occasions, we have had to cancel
or move the talk. I apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
Thank you.
Geary Schindel
Chief Technical Officer
Edwards Aquifer Authority
210.222.2204
Demonstrating interconnection between a wastewater application facility and a
first magnitude spring in a karstic watershed:
Tracer study of the Tallahassee, Florida Treated Effluent Spray field 2006-2007
The City of Tallahassee's SE Spray Field (SESF) receives secondarily treated
wastewater and disperses it onto the land surface via center-pivot irrigators
at an average rate of approximately 17 million gallons per day (City of
Tallahassee, 2007). The system is intended to provide nutrient removal through
plant uptake from the infiltrating water. It became operational in 1981,
encompassing 1000 acres and was expanded in 1982 to 1500 acres, 1986 to 1896
acres, and 1999 to 2,159 acres (Chelette et al, 2002). Nitrate levels in
groundwater monitoring wells installed in the upper Floridan aquifer beneath
the SESF increased precipitously after the SESF became operational rising from
~0.5 mg/L in 1980 to as much as 10 mg/L in the 1990's and stabilizing at ~6
mg/L by 2000 (Chelette et al, 2002).
During the same period, nitrate levels measured at Wakulla Spring rose from
~0.2-0.3 mg/L between 1971 and 1976, to >1.0 mg/L in the late 1980's, to
~0.7-0.8 mg/L between 1998 and 2000 (Chelette et al, 2002). The increased
nitrate levels are thought to be the primary cause of algae growth and enhanced
hydrilla growth that have resulted in significant harm to the ecosystems
supported by Wakulla Spring and the Wakulla River (Hand, 2005).
Given the apparent correlation between nitrate increases in Wakulla Spring and
in Floridan aquifer groundwater beneath the SESF, considerable attention became
focused on the SESF as the primary source of nitrate contamination to the
spring by 2000. Further attention was directed toward the SESF when Chelette
and others (2002) reported nutrient budget calculations for the St Marks and
Wakulla River Watersheds that attributed 40% of the nitrate loading in the
Wakulla Springs contributory area to the SESF.
In response to growing concerns about the fate of nitrates released to the
Floridan aquifer from the SESF, the City of Tallahassee approved a 3-year study
with the US Geological Survey to, in part, develop of model of nitrate
transport through the upper Floridan aquifer. In concert with that effort, the
Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Geological
Survey commissioned Hazlett-Kincaid, Inc. to perform a groundwater tracing
study to identify potential groundwater flow paths and velocities between the
SESF and down-gradient springs.
Tracer injections were performed in three wells across the northern side of the
SESF and one sinking stream located on the southeastern side of the property.
Water samples were subsequently collected from ten wells and eleven natural
discharge points for between two and fourteen months and analyzed in a
laboratory for the presence and relative amount of the injected tracers.
Sampling for the fluorescent dyes was also conducted at two of the wells,
Wakulla B-Tunnel, and the St. Marks River upstream of its disappearance with
insitu filter fluorometers (IFF).
One or more of the Fluorescent dyes was detected at five of the wells and five
of the springs. The springs at which the fluorescent dyes were detected
include: Wakulla Spring, Sally Ward Spring, Indian Spring, and one or more of
the small springs contributing to flow in McBride's Slough. The fastest travel
times to those springs established by fluorescent tracer breakthrough curves
ranged from approximately 28-66 days after the injections with subsequent
smaller pulses of tracer-laden water arriving at Wakulla and McBride's Slough
as late as approximately one year after the injections. Very minor quantities
of fluorescent compounds that fluoresce in the same range as the injected
tracers were detected at Monroe Spring and the St. Marks River Rise but not
enough to be confident that our tracers were recovered at those locations. None
of the fluorescent tracers were detected at in the St. Marks River at Natural
Bridge, Rhodes Spring, or Newport Spring.
Biography
Todd began cave diving in 1987 after eight years of diving in many of Florida's
spring basins. He went on to explore and map several underwater caves in
Florida, Turkey, Mexico, and China and study the role of caves in controlling
groundwater flow patterns for M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of
Florida and the University of Wyoming. Since leaving school, he has been
working with a team of researchers and explorers with the Florida Geological
Survey and the Woodville Karst Plain Project to understand karstic groundwater
flow to Wakulla Spring in North Florida. That work has included detailed
underwater cave mapping, quantitative groundwater tracing, hydraulic metering
of discrete cave passages, and the numerical simulation of conduit/matrix
groundwater flow to delineate springshed boundaries, travel-times, and the
impact of gradient reduction on spring flows driven by groundwater pumping and
sea-level rise. He leads a small consulting company, GeoHydros, that
specializes in geological and groundwater modeling. He serves as vice-president
of Global Underwater Explorers, a non-profit organization dedicated to the
exploration and conservation of underwater environs and the education of divers
aimed at fostering those goals. He also serves on the Advisory Board for the
Hydrogeology Consortium and the Florida Springs Institute, both non-profit
organizations dedicated to the protection of Florida's springs. When he's not
working, he enjoys all manners of outdoor exploration with his wife Kristie and
little girl Ginnie.
Geary M. Schindel, P.G.
Chief Technical Officer
EDWARDS AQUIFER
A U T H O R I T Y
1615 N. ST. MARY'S STREET
SAN ANTONIO, TX 78215
(210) 222.2204 OFFICE
(210) 299.5262 FAX
(210) 326.1576 MOBILE
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Answers to the cave-fiction quiz posted Sunday night.
1. a. Victor Appleton (pseudonym for Howard Garis) in "Tom Swift in
the Caves of Ice." Tom Swift moored his airship in a natural ice
bubble in the arctic.
2. g. H. P. Lovecraft, in "At the Mountains of Madness." Blind albino
penguins inhabit ancient underground ruins.
3. f. The ballhog is the analog of the balrog in the Harvard Lampoon
parody of Tolkien's ring trilogy.
4. h. In Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings," the balrog was a nasty
monster inhabiting the caverns of Morea.
5. d. In Dante's "Inferno," the Giants and Titans surround the lowest
circle of hell, in which Satan is frozen in ice (canto 31).
6. c. Von Daniken doesn't admit his "The Gold of the Gods" is fiction,
and you can believe he really found an imperishable library written on
metal sheets in Cueva de Los Tayos, Ecuador, if you want to.
7. i. In H. G. Wells's "The Time Machine," the Morlocks are the
working class of the future, evolved to labor underground.
8. b. Tatou (French for armadillo) is the name of the atomic-powered
mechanical mole in Casteret's novel "Mission Underground" ("Mission
Centre Terre").
9. e. This is the White Rabbit in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland,"
of course. C. L. Dodgson is better known as Lewis Carroll.
----------------------------------------
A fearless man cannot be brave.
----------------------------------------
You may "reply" to the address this message
came from, but for long-term use, save:
Personal: [email protected]
AMCS: [email protected] or [email protected]
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
I wonder if anyone else is wondering if the Florida students who so tragically
died
in Ellison's Cave, Georgia saw the movie Sanctum.
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
I'll make this cave related. Another way to kill flies is
to chase them every time they attempt to land. They can't maintain
flight very long before running out of steam. In a confined space,
like a small cave room or better, a closed up car, you can disturb
them every time they try to land, and pretty soon they'll just sit
there because they no longer have the energy to fly away. Very easy
to dispatch.
Mark Minton
At 06:58 PM 2/11/2011, Rod Goke wrote:
Yes, I've seen that fly catching technique. My father, who is now
98, used to be good at doing it in his younger days. He used to
catch flies in the manner you described, but his method of
dispatching them was different. Instead of clapping, he would throw
the fly as hard as he could onto the floor, which might not kill the
fly, but it usually would stun the fly just long enough for him to
step on it. I never mastered this fly catching technique myself, but
I always thought it was impressive to watch. Sometimes it was even
more entertaining to watch expressions on the faces of bystanders
who happened to witness the maneuver.
Rod
-----Original Message-----
>From: Rick Corbell <[email protected]>
>Sent: Feb 10, 2011 8:53 PM
>To: [email protected]
>Subject: [Texascavers] OT-fly story
>
>Place:Scurry Old Fields around Snyder in west Texas
>Time: '50's (1950's)
>Long hours waiting in the "dog house" at tank batteries could get
boring. My dad made a game of catching flies in his hand. He
would sweep his cupped hand an inch or two above the subject and
more often than not the fly would fly right into his hand. A quick
squeeze would capture it. Try it sometime. If the fly doesn't get
caught between your fingers or a fold in your palm, you can feel
the buzz when it tries to escape. Kind of tickles. A clap would
most often dispatch the fly. Sometimes they get away, sort of like
catch and release.
>
>Rod, et. al. thanks for bringing back the memories.
>
>This could be cave related if you think about breaking out your
lunch while ridge walking and drawing flies with that smashed
sandwich. While waiting on everyone to finish, you now have
something to entertain yourself.
>
>Rick Corbell
Please reply to [email protected]
Permanent email address is [email protected]
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
I was rocked this weekend as well, however, since we were hauling equipment
out, someone else picked up my pack, and before I could warn him that there
was a rock in it, he took off up the trail and was out of sight.
So, I was rocked, but didn't suffer it, it now sits in my garage. I have a
collection going.
Charles
On Mon, Feb 14, 2011 at 1:13 PM, <[email protected]> wrote:
> I let Mark know that I did not rock him. No, I have retired from that
> activity. Too many people get their feelings hurt.
> I suggested to Mark that it might well have been his daughter and
> daughter-in-law that did it. Now he vows to get them
> back.
>
> Bill
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark.Alman <[email protected]>
> To: texascavers <[email protected]>
> Cc: speleosteele <[email protected]>; Diana Tomchick <
> [email protected]>
> Sent: Mon, Feb 14, 2011 12:06 pm
> Subject: RE: [Texascavers] Mystery at Jester Cave!!!
>
>
> Part of the mystery has been solved and Bill has been absolved and
> eliminated as a suspect.
>
>
> I know suspect the two lovely ladies that accompanied me this weekend as
> being the suspects and they will be dealt with accordingly.
>
>
> Now, I know why they didn’t sit near us Saturday night, Bill!
>
>
> (I wonder where they got the idea from! Hmmm.)
>
>
> Mark
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* Alman, Mark @ SSG - WSG - EOS
> *Sent:* Monday, February 14, 2011 11:35 AM
> *To:* [email protected]
> *Subject:* [Texascavers] Mystery at Jester Cave!!!
>
>
>
> Went caving this past weekend with *Bill Steele* and Diane Tomchick at
> Jester Cave in SW OK this past weekend and had a blast!
>
> We were joined by my lovely daughter-in-law, Brandi Alman and her friend
> Jennifer, the SMU Outdoor club, several DFW Grotto cavers, and a Boy Scout
> Troop.
>
>
> A great, wet, muddy, cold time was had by all and we enjoyed the
> camaraderie and a TON of hibernating bats were observed, with no WNS
> evident!
>
>
> A great mystery has ensued, however and Sherlock Holmes may need to be
> called in!
>
>
>
> While unloading my gear yesterday and disinfecting it and what not, I was
> shocked to find not one, but, two rather sizeable rocks in my cave pack!
>
>
> How did they get there and what twisted and demented soul could possibly
> perform this dastardly act of geological treachery upon an innocent, balding
> 51 YO, such as myself?!
>
>
>
> Your help in apprehending this deviant and helping to solve this mystery
> will help make the world a safer place and allow us to eradicate, once and
> for all, the act of rocking packs!
>
>
>
> Thanks for your support!
>
>
>
>
> (Tongue firmly placed in cheek and the newest proud member of the “I’ve
> Been Rocked” Club) Mark
>
>
--- End Message ---
