Lacquer is a type of natural resin from a female insect. . We have also seen the use of lacquer in important letters, files, etc. to seal ballot boxes and companies that are closed by legal action. A liquid released from these resin vapors dries in the air. Lacquer is insoluble in water and oil. Sticky and durable.
India is one of the largest producers of lacquer. Arachnids belong to the genus Bundle. These live in the millions in one place. Hence, the insect is called ‘LAC’ which means lakh. Depending on the nature of the tree, the larvae secrete larvae. These insects use lacquer as a protective material. Arachnids live naturally on tree branches and sticks. These do not live in all types of trees. They live mostly on trees like Poovarasu, Ilandai, Balasu and Kasukkatti. They live on tree sap. The sticks containing the larvae are tied to the branches that need to be broken and the larvae settle on the new tree. Female insects extract resin-like fluid from their bodies and study it on tree branches. It is a cm. According to the weight. They cut off the twigs and exploit the monster in them, which is called ‘hornbeam’. Then they put it in boiling water and remove the impurities in it. The lacquer thus cleaned is called ‘maniyarakku’. The beads are further purified and prepared in plate form. This is called ‘tin’. Various objects are made from the monster. Lacquer is used to make sheets, furniture, coatings on insulators, paper cards, nail polishes, and bracelets. It has long been used to dye maroon, wool, silk, and leather. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has finally granted permission to excavate the site that locals believe was the site of Lakshagriha or the House of lac, TOI reported. The site is situated in Barnawa area of Baghpat district and the tunnel opens near the Hindon river. The excavation is expected to start in December and will go on for three months. Lakshagriha or 'House of Lac' features in one of the most important episodes in Mahabharata. According to the story, Kauravas built the palace out of lac so as to burn the Pandavas alive. The Pandavas, though, managed to escape the house of lac through a secret tunnel.The palace was built on the orders of Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava. The architect Purochana, who was also a minister under the Kauravas, was called to build the palace. Thus, a palace made of lac came up in the village of Varanavat. The Pandavas were invited to visit Varnavrat and stay in the house for a few days. Duryodhana planned that the death of the five Pandavas and their mother Kunti would pass off as an accident. Meanwhile, Vidura managed to inform the Pandavas of the imminent threat on their life. Vidura's warning to Yudhishthara are described as Mahabharata Adi Parva. Vidura has also sent a miner who would dig a tunnel for the Pandavas. The tunnel opened near the river Ganges. The tunnel took six months to complete. One night, when the Pandavas saw the chance, they escaped the palace via the tunnel and also set the palace on fire. The escapade gave enough time for pandavas to prepare for the ensuing Mahabharatha war. Thank you Even though arakku is a laquer yet it is also a kind of wax. KR IRS 7121 On Wed, 6 Jan 2021 at 17:23, venkat raman <[email protected]> wrote: > Namaste. In Malayalam the red wax is known as arakku. Arakkillam of the > Pandavas. Wax is mezhuku. Arakku [lac] was used in sealing locks etc. > Carpenters use beeswax as lubricants to screws and nails. > Venkataraman > > On Wed, 6 Jan 2021 at 09:05, Rajaram Krishnamurthy <[email protected]> > wrote: > >> Pranam >> Incidentally there is a word for wax in samskritam as क्षौद्रेयम् >> <https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/sanskrit-english/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-meaning-in-english> >> kshoudreyam root from kshoudra; this appears to be different from shudra >> the 4th varna where the "sha" or different letters; except in Ayurveda, >> nowhere this word is used to my best of knowledge and memory. KR IRS 6121 >> >> On Wed, 6 Jan 2021 at 08:28, Narayanaswamy Iyer <[email protected]> >> wrote: >> >>> Dear Sri V Sridharan >>> >>> Thanks for an interesting foray into the realm of was, supplementing Sri >>> Gopala Krishnan's industrious effort. >>> >>> May I please add that in my grandfather's time we used to have >>> individual "signet rings" made with distinctive features (normally >>> intricate and not easily imitable), which we impressed into melted red wax >>> before it hardened. I still have the one made for m father, a curiosity >>> made of hard copper and featuring our kula-deivam. My mother's brother >>> (my maternal uncle) also had one which depicting in reverse order baby >>> Kishna dancing on a serpent's head. >>> >>> Under English law, deeds, wills, dealings in land, required executors to >>> "sign, seal, and deliver" to be effective. Post World War II, >>> surprisingly, the red wax seal was done away with and replaced by a gummed >>> tiny round (also blood-red) paper seal, not unlike the modern "tilakam" >>> which fashionable young women (married and unmarried) stick to their >>> foreheads in place of the sacred sindoor ("kumkumam" to us). The executor >>> had to touch the "seal" in the presence of a lawyer or court official to >>> give it legal validity. >>> >>> By the way, for a long time the Chinese used seals to signify >>> signature to important documents, paintings, and so on. Some still do. >>> However, in courts which follow English law those document were considered >>> void and the beneficiaries lost their rights. >>> >>> S Narayanaswamy Iyer >>> >>> On Wed, Jan 6, 2021 at 2:25 AM venkat giri <[email protected]> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> *Respected sir/s,* >>>> *The Indian Foreign Post Office uses hot wax >>>> / lac to create a tamper proof seal for foreign parcels. . Lacquer seal is >>>> produced by mixing shellac, turpentine, additive paste, chalk powder and >>>> red **colour*. >>>> *Wax seals have become what could be described as a post-modern form of >>>> correspondence – which /were a historical mode of sealing letters, which >>>> is now outdated, made a distinguished mark of a bygone era that makes >>>> them so appealing. And anyone who has received wax-sealed correspondence >>>> will certainly vouch to the added excitement that comes on opening it.* >>>> * For a more personalised, timeless method of sending >>>> correspondence, the wax seal certainly deliver. Still, some practice the >>>> art of handwritten correspondence, wax seals are a popular way of adding a >>>> finishing touch to any letter or greetings card.* >>>> *The wax works well on all types of paper.* >>>> >>>> *Why does the government use lacquer to seal stores?* >>>> >>>> >>>> *Sealing does not simply mean placing the lacquer. Arakil is the >>>> printing of the government seal. First, heat the lacquer around the top of >>>> the boot and place it on top of the boot. When the lacquer is in a light >>>> state, the mold with the state seal made of metal is pressed on top of it. >>>> Then the lacquer seal will stick to the fabric as it was cast on the >>>> axis. The lacquer is easily brittle. If someone splits the cloth above to >>>> open the lock the lacquer seal will break and it will be known that someone >>>> has opened the lock. The lock with the government seal cannot be left open >>>> and sealed by others again. * >>>> *HISTORY OF WAX SEALS* >>>> *The history of seals can be traced back to some of the earliest known >>>> civilisations. Actual examples have been found from the Indus Valley and >>>> Mesopotamia civilisations, which were active from 3300BCE and 150BCE >>>> respectively. The first seals were made from clay and impressed using rings >>>> or cylinders. * >>>> * Originally used only by >>>> eminent individuals such as bishops, monarchs and royal spokespeople to >>>> authenticate documents, by the 13th century wax seals became more >>>> widespread and were being used by monasteries, guilds, aristocrats and >>>> eventually common folk.* >>>> * Each seal would be unique to its owner and >>>> would often be used in place of a signature due to widespread illiteracy >>>> during the 13th century. Wax seals were occasionally stamped directly on a >>>> document, but more common was for them to be stamped separately and then >>>> affixed to the bottom of the document with a ribbon, cord or strip of >>>> parchment.* >>>> * During this period the wax was >>>> generally made using 1/3 resin and 2/3 beeswax, though in later years >>>> beeswax was completely omitted. Eminent figures would often use a more >>>> expensive material for sealing documents; the Pope, for example, would use >>>> a type of lead called bulla, from which the term ‘papal bulls’ is derived.* >>>> * Using wax and seals is a method for sealing or >>>> closing letters that were hand delivered and it dates back to ancient times >>>> where the sealing material was clay. The process involves melting a wax >>>> stick and dripping it onto a material, most often a letter, wrapping paper, >>>> a parchment, an envelope, ribbons or twine wrapping. Next you press your >>>> seal into the wax before it hardens. The bond formed on or between your >>>> materials is difficult to break without notice.* >>>> >>>> * Wax seals are great for wedding invitations or bottle decorations. >>>> A nice wax seal will bring the ordinary to extraordinary. While there are >>>> many wax seal and stamp manufacturers that continue to make traditional >>>> sealing wax candles using historical formulations, there are new styles of >>>> wax that are flexible and can survive mailing through the modern postal >>>> system. These are known as glue-gun sealing wax sticks or flexible sealing >>>> wax sticks.* >>>> *PARAFFIN WAX * >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *Although kerosene and some petroleum products are sometimes called >>>> paraffin, they are different. Unpainted paraffin candles are colorless or >>>> bluish white.USES OF PARAFFIN WAX - Paraffin wax is added to Fertilizers >>>> to prevent them from lumps, attracting dust and moisture. - Manufacturing >>>> Drawing crayons. - Used as solid fuel in hybrid rockets. - Used to prevent >>>> friction on the sliding board. - Used in the manufacture of cosmetics such >>>> as Vaseline. - As an Inhibitor of neutron radiation. - Wax baths due to >>>> its medicinal properties. A wax statue of Priyanka Chopra, a rising star in >>>> Indian cinema, was placed at the Madame Tussauds Museum in the United >>>> States in 2016. * >>>> >>>> *BEES WAX (*தேன் மெழுகு): >>>> * Beeswax is a >>>> natural wax produced by honey bees. More specifically, it is a wax that is >>>> secreted from eight wax-producing glands on the worker bee’s abdomen. The >>>> wax is secreted which discard it in or at the hive, in thin sheets called >>>> scales. The scales, when first secreted, look a bit like mica flakes **The >>>> wax is formed into scales by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal >>>> segments of worker bees, * >>>> * The hive workers collect and use it to form cells for honey storage >>>> and larval and pupal protection within the beehive. Chemically, beeswax >>>> consists mainly of esters of fatty acids and various long-chain alcohols.* >>>> * Beeswax has been used since prehistory as the first plastic, as >>>> a lubricant and waterproofing agent, in wax casting of metals and glass, as >>>> a polish for wood and leather, for making candles, as an ingredient in >>>> cosmetics and as an artistic medium in encaustic painting(hot wax >>>> painting)* >>>> * Beeswax is edible, having similarly negligible toxicity to plant >>>> waxes, and is approved for food use in most countries and in the European >>>> Union under the E number E901.* >>>> * The new wax is initially glass-clear and colorless, >>>> becoming opaque after chewing and being contaminated with pollen by the >>>> hive worker bees, becoming progressively yellower or browner by >>>> incorporation of pollen oils and propolis. Worker bees use the beeswax to >>>> build honeycomb cells. **Honey in fat cells associated with wax glands >>>> are metabolized by bees into beeswax.* >>>> *When beekeepers extract the honey, they cut off the wax caps from each >>>> honeycomb cell. * >>>> *Beeswax color varies from nearly white to brownish, but most often is >>>> a shade of yellow, depending on purity, the region, and the type of flowers >>>> gathered by the bees. * >>>> * >>>> Beeswax is a fragrant solid at room >>>> temperature. The colors are light yellow, medium yellow, or dark brown and >>>> white. Beeswax is a tough wax formed from a mixture of several chemical >>>> compounds. An approximate chemical formula for beeswax is >>>> C15H31COOC30H61.[8] Its main constituents are palmitate, palmitoleate, and >>>> oleate esters of long-chain (30–32 carbons) aliphatic alcohols, with the >>>> ratio of triacontanyl palmitate CH3(CH2)29O-CO-(CH2)14CH3 to cerotic acid >>>> CH3(CH2)24COOH, the two principal constituents, being 6:1.* >>>> * Beeswax has a relatively low melting point range of 62 to 64 °C >>>> (144 to 147 °F). If beeswax is heated above 85 °C (185 °F) discoloration >>>> occurs. The flash point of beeswax is 204.4 °C (400 °F).[10]* >>>> * When natural beeswax is cold, it is brittle, and its >>>> fracture is dry and granular. At room temperature it is tenacious and it >>>> softens further at human body temperature. * >>>> *Beeswax is used for high cholesterol, pain, fungal skin infections, >>>> and other conditions. * >>>> * In foods and beverages, white beeswax and beeswax absolute >>>> (yellow beeswax treated with alcohol) are used as stiffening agents.* >>>> * In manufacturing, yellow >>>> and white beeswax are used as thickeners, emulsifiers, and as stiffening >>>> agents in cosmetics. Beeswax absolute is used as a fragrance in soaps and >>>> perfumes. White beeswax and beeswax absolute are also used to polish >>>> pills.* >>>> * >>>> Beeswax might help lower cholesterol levels, prevent infections, and help >>>> protect the stomach from ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory >>>> drugs (NSAIDs).* >>>> >>>> *Beeswax can create a protective layer on the skin. It’s also a >>>> humectant, which means that it attracts water. Both of these qualities can >>>> help the skin stay hydrated.* >>>> * BEESWAX can be used for several purposes, from making lip balm >>>> and candles to soothing muscle aches and pains. It can be used as a >>>> nighttime moisturizer on the face and body, as a natural itch relief cream, >>>> or even as a wood polish for furniture. One can also use it to make beauty >>>> products, salves, and lotion bars. Many employ it to heal minor scrapes >>>> and burns. This wonderful, versatile natural substance contains many health >>>> benefits, including acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, a moisturizer for >>>> chapped skin, and a rich source of antioxidants to nourish the body. **Wax >>>> of the honeybee and used in making candles, crayons, and polishes.* >>>> *Regards* >>>> *V.Sridharan* >>>> *Trichy* >>>> On Tuesday, 5 January, 2021, 09:02:25 am IST, 'gopala krishnan' via >>>> iyer123 <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>> >>>> Thank you sir for reading the posting and responding. I will gather >>>> information about the two and write. >>>> >>>> >>>> Pure paraffin wax is rarely used for carving original models for >>>> casting metal and other materials in the lost wax process, *as it is >>>> relatively brittle at room temperature and presents the risks of chipping >>>> and breakage when worked.* >>>> >>>> Gopalakrishnan >>>> On Tuesday, 5 January, 2021, 08:34:36 am IST, iyern337 < >>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>> >>>> Dear Sri Gopala Krishnan >>>> >>>> Thanks. >>>> >>>> What about the red wax used for sealing registered letter envelopes and >>>> for affixing to "documents under seal" , and the wax used e.g. by wax-works >>>> museums for creating human figures? >>>> >>>> S Narayanaswamy Iyer >>>> >>>> On Monday, January 4, 2021 at 10:53:01 PM UTC+8 gopala krishnan wrote: >>>> >>>> *PARAFIN WAX* >>>> >>>> Dear friends, >>>> >>>> I was interested to write about paraffin wax long back when I was >>>> lighting candle lamps during last Karthika deepam on the compound wall. >>>> >>>> >>>> Recently there was some posting about the effect of waxed paper cups in >>>> which coffee is served in railway coaches and in tea stalls. >>>> >>>> I had studied in detail how a candle function as an English lesson in >>>> the high school class and the wax is called paraffin wax. >>>> >>>> Sincerely, >>>> >>>> Gopala krishnan 9-1-2011 >>>> >>>> *Re posted on 5-01-2021 after editing and updating information. R. >>>> Gopala krishnan* >>>> >>>> 1.Carpenter and wax application >>>> >>>> I have seen the carpenters pressing the screw ends in yellow wax for >>>> easy screwing in to the wood. This wax used by them was yellowish in >>>> colour. It had some difference from candle wax, which was more brittle. >>>> >>>> >>>> 2. Candle wax >>>> >>>> In my child hood days I have seen candles to the size of pen maximum. >>>> If more light is required more candles were lit. They were snowish white in >>>> colour. >>>> >>>> Very late by 1990’s candles to the thickness of a ruler (about one inch >>>> or more) started appearing in market and in different colours. During the >>>> time of power cut these candles were more use full giving better light >>>> specially in kitchens. They had the added advantage of not falling down >>>> having more diameter area at the bottom for good sticking. >>>> >>>> 3. Burning candle >>>> >>>> The positioning candle was a skill. The bottom had to be slightly >>>> heated and pressed to surface where it will stick. During power cuts in >>>> hotels small candles were kept on dining tables in 1960’s. (It was a period >>>> of no emergency light and UPS supply) >>>> >>>> 4. Candle power. >>>> >>>> The measurement of light is in units of standard candle power light. >>>> >>>> 5. Wax idols >>>> >>>> I have recently seen at kanchipuram sankara matam, the idol of >>>> Periyaval made in wax. It made us the impression he is alive and sitting. >>>> So natural. >>>> >>>> About a few months back I had been to the wax museum in Ooty. There too >>>> I could see the wax models of our national leaders appearing natural. >>>> >>>> 6.What is paraffin? >>>> >>>> In chemistry, paraffin is a term that can be used synonymously with >>>> "alkane", indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. >>>> Paraffin wax refers to a mixture of alkanes. They are found in the solid >>>> state at room temperature and begin to enter the liquid phase past >>>> approximately 37°C. >>>> >>>> The simplest paraffin molecule is that of methane, a gas at room >>>> temperature. Heavier members of the series, such as octane and mineral oil >>>> appear as liquids at room temperature. The solid forms of paraffin, called >>>> paraffin wax, are from the heaviest molecules from C20H42 to C40H82. >>>> Paraffin wax was identified by Carl Reichenbach in 1830. >>>> >>>> Paraffin, or paraffin hydrocarbon, is also the technical name for an >>>> alkane in general, but in most cases it refers specifically to a linear, or >>>> normal alkane. >>>> >>>> 6a. Paraffin for Kerosene oil >>>> >>>> It is distinct from the fuel known in the United Kingdom, Ireland and >>>> South Africa as paraffin oil or just paraffin, which is called kerosene in >>>> most of the U.S., Canada, Australia and New Zealand. >>>> >>>> Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odourless, tasteless, waxy >>>> solid, with a typical melting point between about 47 °C and 64 °C and >>>> having a density of around 0.9 g/cm3. >>>> (In short lesser weight than water and melt about 60% temperature of >>>> water BUBBLES appearing temperature is reached) >>>> >>>> It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain >>>> esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents, but burns >>>> readily. >>>> >>>> 7. Electrical insulator >>>> >>>> Pure paraffin wax is an excellent electrical insulator, with an >>>> electrical resistivity of between 1013 and 1017-ohm metre. >>>> >>>> 8.Dry wall use >>>> >>>> Paraffin wax (C25H52) is an excellent material to store heat. This >>>> property is exploited in modified drywall for home building material: it is >>>> infused in the drywall during manufacture so that, when installed, it melts >>>> during the day, absorbing heat, and solidifies again at night, releasing >>>> the heat. >>>> >>>> 9. Thermostats >>>> >>>> Wax expands considerably when it melts and this allows its use in >>>> thermostats for industrial, domestic and, particularly, automobile >>>> purposes. >>>> >>>> 10. Change with additives >>>> >>>> In industrial applications, it is often useful to modify the crystal >>>> properties of the paraffin wax, typically by adding branching to the >>>> existing carbon backbone chain. The modification is usually done with >>>> additives, >>>> >>>> The branched properties result in a modified paraffin with a higher >>>> viscosity, smaller crystalline structure, and modified functional >>>> properties. >>>> >>>> Pure paraffin wax is rarely used for carving original models for >>>> casting metal and other materials in the lost wax process, *as it is >>>> relatively brittle at room temperature and presents the risks of chipping >>>> and breakage when worked.* >>>> >>>> 11. Mineral oil >>>> >>>> Liquid paraffin, or mineral oil, is a mixture of heavier alkanes, and >>>> has a number of names. One is medicinal paraffin, or saxol. It has a >>>> density of around 0.8 g/cm3. >>>> >>>> Liquid paraffin (medicinal) is used to aid bowel movement in persons >>>> suffering chronic constipation; it passes through the gastrointestinal >>>> tract without itself being taken into the body, but it limits the amount of >>>> water removed from the stool. >>>> >>>> *My note- Liquid paraffin is advised to apply to sole for sole pain.* >>>> >>>> 12 Uses of paraffin wax >>>> >>>> Paraffin wax is used in manufacturing of Paints, Pigments, Dyes and >>>> Inks. In leather industry it is used for "pull up finish". In Laxatives it >>>> has application. >>>> >>>> Paraffin wax is used in toiletries and cosmetics as a moisturiser or >>>> emollient. Paraffin wax is widely used for Candle-making. It is used >>>> for coatings for waxed paper or cloth. >>>> >>>> It has application in crayons, surf boars, snow boards etc. >>>> >>>> Used as the basis for solid ink different colour blocks of wax for thermal >>>> printers. The wax is melted and then sprayed on the paper producing >>>> images with a shiny surface. >>>> >>>> Blends of paraffin and micro waxes are used in rubber compounds to >>>> prevent cracking of the rubber.Prevents oxidation on the surface of >>>> polished steel and iron. >>>> >>>> 12a.Food-grade paraffin wax: (Read from wikipedia and told) >>>> >>>> Shiny coating of food grade paraffin wax is used in candy making; >>>> although edible, it is non-digestible, passing right through the body >>>> without being broken down. 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