CULTURAL QA03-2021-15 Being a compilation there may be errors
Q1: Why does the handrail onan escalator always go faster than the stairs? A1 Lars Kristan April 28,2018 Physics · physicist and engineer Many wrong answers with many upvotes. A couple of actual escalatormechanics pointed that out, but unfortunately, other than saying that by designthe handrail should move at the same speed, did not answer the question. An average armchair scientist will try to explain it by pointing out thatthe handrail belt is longer than the string of stairs. But that is not thereason. First: How can the handrail on an escalator go at the same speed as thestairs? The handrail and the steps donot need to be driven in a way that makes them do a full round at the same time. Nobody cares if the hidden portion of the handrailbelt is longer, and the next time a certain stair emerges, a completelydifferent portion of the handrail belt travels alongside it. All that mattersis that, at least during the straight portion, they travel at the same linearvelocity.An escalator isdriven by a single motor. The stairs and the handrail belt are driven byseparate wheels, coupled by a chain drive: Here’s another design, where the handrail belt is actually shorter thanthe step chain: To match the speeds, two things are relevant: gear ratio of the chaindrive, and the outer diameter of the wheel that drives the handrail belt.Nothing fancy. Can the handrail go at exactlythe same speed as the stairs? If the handrail was driven by teeth, like a toothed belt, then yes, itcould run at exactly the same speed. However, it is driven by friction. Here’s a picture of an escalator handrail drive wheel: Over time, the rubber on thedrive wheel wears out, thus reducing its diameter. So, over time, the handrail is going to run somewhat slower. If therubber wears down to the metal (or if the rubber hardens), it will startslipping and the handrail will move in a jerky fashion and will be laggingconsiderably. Why would the handrail gofaster than the stairs? Let’s assume that when the rubber on the drive wheel wears down by 3 mm(1/8″), the handrail lags 80 mm (3″) over the course of 8 m (26 ft). That’s about1%. Some standards require that thespeed should not deviate more than 2%. Some standards specify a load (a force) which should not slow down thehandrail. Now, considering that the drive wheel will wear down, and that someslippage may occur due to dust and grease, the specification for a brand newdrive wheel is probably adjusted ‘to be on the safe side’, causing the handrailto run 1–2% faster than the stairs. By targeting the new drive wheel at +2%,one could get double the service life out of it. It is possible that the newermaterials aren’t wearing down as fast as the ones used before. A well maintained escalator might therefore always have ahandrail running fast. Does the handrail always gofaster than the stairs? In different countries thereare different standards. And different manufacturers — some more concerned with service life, others possiblyfocused more on passenger comfort. Then there are different designs, somemaintain the handrail speed better than others. So, no, not all people willagree that the handrail always goes faster than the stairs. Alternate explanation Some people suggest thathandrails run faster than the stairs for escalators going up, and slower than the stairs for escalators going down. The idea isthat in case a rider is not paying attention, and is relying on the handrailfor balance, they should fall on the stairs upwards, rather than downwards. It is possible that this wasintentionally done in some installations. It is also possible that one noticessuch a difference in installations where the drivewheels on escalators going up had worn down and were replaced, while the oneson escalators going down are still the original ones, since they don’t weardown as much. Q2 Will there ever be aman-made light so bright that it is visible from space/from the moon? A2 Steven Haddock 17-3-2021Studiedat York University (Canada) Yes. There already is one. Because they brag about it during the pre-show The IMAX projector xenon arclamp. Capable of 600,000 lumens. That’s roughly how bright the sun looks from earth. By comparison, if you were on theMoon and looked at the surface, that would only be about 50,000 lumens, and youcan easily see the moon from earth. NASA uses them to illuminate launchpads at night Frankly, from the moon’s surface, you can see lights on earth at night.The xenon lamp is so bright you could clearly make it out if one were on themoon. It’s much brighter than the moon’s surface. Q3 My parents kicked me outof the house when I was 15. Now they are losing their house and asking me ifthey can live with me. What should I do? A3 Jo Welch 17-3-2021FormerDirector of Education & Educator at Fantastic Sams (2001–2019) I believe in forgiveness but I don't believe in embracing dysfunction.Help them find a place they canafford. Front them a little cash if you have it for moving expenses and getthem settled. My note- In all culturesforgiveness is the first thing. Q4 What is the differencebetween radial and non-radial tires? A4 Bridgestone India March9-2021 Tyres can be classified based on various parameters like category(Passenger cars, Truck and Bus, Agriculture etc.), construction (Radial andBias/ cross-ply/ Non-Radial) and Air retention method (Tube type and Tubeless). Based on the way the body plies are put in a tyres, they are classifiedas: 1) Radial 2) Non-Radial (also called a Cross ply/ Diagonal ply/ Bias tyres or Nylontyres) In the Radial tyres, body plies are arranged in a radial directionwhereas in the Non-Radial Tyres (Bias ply) tyres, the body plies are arrangedin a bias direction and are called bias tyres. In other words, in Radial tyres, body plies are placed 900 to thedirection of travel whereas in the non-radial tyres, they are placed in around450 to the direction of travel. The flexible sides (sidewalls) of radial tyres and the stiff top area(Steel belts on the tread offers strength) work as two independent featureshelping in better fuel efficiency, longer wear life and absorbs impact shock& bumps more effectively than a Bias (cross ply) tyre. The flexibility of the sidewall enhances vehicle stability and providesmaximum contact of the tyre with the road surface. This, in turn, leads to amore comfortable ride. Also, the steel belts used in radial tyres offer betterpuncture resistance than the bias tyre with Nylon breakers. In India, due to the above-mentioned differences, radial tyres usage inPassenger cars is almost 100%. In Trucks and Buses, though the usage of Radials is around 50% but isincreasing rapidly. Q5 What's the craziest thingabout organ transplants besides how they are harvested? A5 Sean Kernan 17-03-2021 Sonof Quora The interesting thing about kidneys is that when you get a transplant, they don’t actually remove your old kidneys most of the time.They leave them in place because it is often non-damaging to take them out, andit saves you from any risks and damage caused by removal. There are however exceptions, if the kidneys are causing other problemsand infection. Just to refresh your memory,kidneys are responsible forfiltration. They return vitamins and other valuable substances to yourbloodstream while taking out the bad stuff. If they stop working, it gets really bad. Q6 Why do most predatoryanimals choose not to eat humans? A6 Jason Turner 15-3-2021 InsuranceAgent. Why do animal predators not try to eat humans since humans are very meaty? The primary reason is 99.99% ofhumans never come anywhere near a predator that would eat us. Its like the oft quoted idea that most sharkattacks occur in shallow water. This doesn’t mean sharks don’t attack in deepwater, it means humansdon’t go there. As far as very meaty. Yeah. Not really. On the other hand we are small, weak, slow and poorly armed. When actually lived in the wild? · Q7 What is the mostdangerous geographical location in the world? A7 Wairia Maina17-3-2021 Lawyer& Amateur Astronomer (2013–present) The Blue Hole, Red Sea. It's reputed to have the highest diver fatality rate of any blue holeacross the world. So far more than 180 divers have been lost in the hole. Among them werevery reputable and admireddivers across the world. Sure it's not the most dangerous geographical location in the world. Butfor divers you wanna think twice before venturing into it's abyss…. Q8 How long can beneficialbacteria survive out of water? A8 Karen J Gray, Lifelongresearch into medicine and health.17-3-2021 If you’re talking aboutnitrifying bacteria, as cultured in aquarium filters, they’ll die if they dryout. So the time they can survive out of water would bevariable and depend on just how they are ‘out of water’. If it’s filter media that’s colonized, most of them will survive as longas the media remains damp, but once it dries, the bacteria do too. Witold Ferens, Ph.D. in Biology(University of Calgary, 1990) Updated April 20, 2019 How long can bacteria survive without water? “Survive” is not a specific term. It can mean 1) able to function,although with difficulty, in adverse condition; 2) remain in a state ofsuspended animation, being able to return to active state, when conditionsallow; 3) taking a special form of a state that was never active but will becomeactive in proper condition. The first situation is when anorganisms can withstand temporary adversity (heat, cold, dryness, lack ofoxygen, etc.) without irreversible damage that would end in death. The second is a a situationwhen an organism can be dried, frozen, or otherwise made inoperational, and canreturn to life. The third one is a situation of forming spores, seeds, etc.that will remain dormant until activated. Bacteria can form variousspore-like forms (true spores are haploid, so the term does not apply here); some can survive in a completely dried(lyophilized) form; some can be frozen. However, they will not be able tofunction without water, although they could hang on to dear life and wait formoisture. How long - it will depend on specific circumstances; species, strain,temperature, radiation, gases, surface, etc. Q10 Why is the Adiyogi Shivastatue so famous? A10 Lakshi Mundargi June 24,2019 Lives in India The statue of Adi yogi which was unveiled by honourable Prime MinisterNarendra Modi on the occasion of Maha Shivratri at Coimbatore in Tamilnadu. Itis built by the Isha Foundation, which is founded by Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev. Since its inauguration in theyear, 2017 Adiyogi Shiva statue has become the main attraction in the Isha yogacenter. With its magnificent size and beauty, it attractsmore tourists both foreign and local each year. This statue alsoholds the Guinness record for the Largest Bust Sculpture in the world.Designed by the founder of the Isha Foundation Sadguru himself this statue is built to promoteyoga. This statute is called as Adiyogi the first yogi because Siva is believedto be the originator of yoga. Located at the downhill ofvelliangiri mountain range Adiyogi statue stands as astonishment to itsviewers. It took about 2 yearsto design this statue and eight months to manufacture it. The total height ofthis statue is 112fts representing the 112 possibilities of moksha in yogicculture. Facts about Adi Yogi statue : The Face of Lord Shiva statue is made of steel. The face is made up of small pieces of metal and put it together. This isthe unique way of making idol that hasn’t been used elsewhere. It took 2.5 years to design and 8 months to build the statue. It weighs around 500 tonnes. The statue is 112 feet tall reason being Adi yogi opened up 112possibilities for human beings to reach their ultimate potential. There are 112 chakras in the human system with which you can work, toexplore 112 dimensions of life as said. The face of Adi yogi will bethe largest face of its kind on the planet. Q11 What are some weird facts about North Korea? A11 Anthony Anderson14-3-2021 Student at Pestalozzi Education Center 1.Elections. In the country, there are elections every five years, there is no othercandidate in the elections. 2.Owning cars. In North Korea, only richpeople, powerful people and government officials can on cars including luxurycars. 3.If you commit a crime, the restof the family would go to jail. In North Korea, committing a crime would lead your Innocent family to bein jail as well if they didn't commit a crime. 4.There is an abandoned propaganda village within the border of SouthKorea to attract south koreans who desire to defect to north korea. 5.You will find almost everyempty roads in that country. In North Korea, almost every roads in that country are very empty withfew cars and people. 6.Don't talk to locals whenyou're a tourist. When you're tourist, you're not allowed to talk to locals citizens ofthat country. 7.Western products are notallowed in that country as well as products from South Korea. Because of the sanctions by the international community, products fromthe outside world including k pop music and products from South Korea aren'tallowed in that country. Despite the ban of these products by the North Korean government from theoutside world, people smuggle them and they are sold in black markets. 8.People aren't allowed to wearjeans in that country. Jeans aren't allowed in that country because the North Korean government thinks that they are westernmade clothes. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/2117536405.1631989.1615994562215%40mail.yahoo.com.
