Pranam SAPTHAPATHI 2
1 In Indian sources most information about marriage as an institution is found in the Dharma sutras and sastras, or the manuals of religious law, of duties and rights, of castes and life stages. The ritual Grhyasutras give a detailed exposition of the ritual of marriage according to different Vedic schools. Here the most important piece of information is that in addition to the basic Vedic rites, various customs of different countries and social groups must be observed. The dharma authors defined eight different forms of marriage, variously acceptable to different classes. Most often they are quoted from the Manava dharmasastra, but they are also found, for instance, in the Yajnavalkya dharmasastra and even in the Asvalayna grhyasastra. According to Manu, the first four are permissible to the Brahmins and include the rites of Brahmin ,the gods (daiva), the rsis (arsa) and Prajapati (prajapatya), i.e, giving the daughter to a man learned in the veda, to an officiating priest, against a formal gift of cow and bull, and to a suitable bridegroom. The Ksatriyas are also permitted the rite of Raksas or the forcible abduction of the girl and that of the Gandharvas or mutual agreement of the bride and the groom. The rite of the Asura or purchase of the bride is hesitatingly allowed to the lower classes, while that of the Pisacas (paisaca) or seduction of the girl during her sleep, intoxication or confusion is proclaimed forbidden. It has been pointed out that the less acceptable sorts of marriage are perhaps included in the system to give the status of married women to the victims of such acts. This is the classification of the Dharma sastra, but even these eight forms are by no means exhaustive. One immediately thinks of the Swayamvara. a contest of warriors with the bride's hand as the reward. 2 Hence as seen from the epics of the Indian culture, saptapadi was not there till start of the Kaliyuga. Samskaras and Grahya sutras were the origins which entered our legal system. Even the concept of thali came only from Kaliyuga. 3 This is the marriage described by Valmiki in Valmiki Ramayanam. Panigrahnam, Agni presence and the circumambulation and send off were format in treta yuga and Dvapara yuga. The Rig and Yajurvedams , Satapatha Brahmana and the Mahabharatha speaks of the husband and wife as half each in one and without wife, man is useless. VR goes like this: Balakandam sarga 73: तथेत्युक्त्वा तु जनकं वसिष्ठो भगवानृषि:। विश्वामित्रं पुरस्कृत्य शतानन्दं च धार्मिकम्।।1.73.20।। प्रपामध्ये तु विधिवत्वेदिं कृत्वा महातपा: । अलञ्चकार तां वेदिं गन्धपुष्पै स्समन्तत: ।।1.73.21।। सुवर्णपालिकाभिश्च छिद्रकुम्भैश्च साङ्कुरै:। अङ्कुराढ्यैश्शरावैश्च धूपपात्रै स्सधूपकै:।।1.73.22।। शङ्खपात्रै स्स्रुवै स्स्रुग्भि: पात्रैरर्घ्याभिपूरितै:। लाजपूर्णैश्च पात्रीभिरक्षतैरभिसंस्कृतै:।। 1.73.23।। भगवान् venerable, महतपा: renowned ascetic, वसिष्ठ: ऋषि: rishi Vasishta, जनकम् addressing king Janaka, तथा इति "Be it so", उक्त्वा having said, विश्वामित्रम् to Visvamitra, धार्मिकम् virtuous, शतानन्दं च Satananda, पुरस्कृत्य in the forefront, प्रपामध्ये in the center of the marriage pavillion, विधिवत् in accordance with scriptures, वेदिम् altar, कृत्वा having constructed, गन्धपुष्पै: with fragrant flowers, सुवर्णपालिकाभिश्च with golden hollow plates, साङ्कुरै: with sprouts, छिद्रकुम्भैश्च water pots containing holes, अङ्कुराढ्यै: filled with sprouts, शरावैश्च earthenware vessels, सधूपकै: by burning frgrant insenses, धूपपात्रै: holders of fragrant incense, शङ्खपात्रै: conch shaped vessels, सृवै: sacrificial ladles, सृग्भि: bowls, अर्घ्याभिपूरितै: filled with with water for Arghya and other purposes, पात्रै: with vessels, लाजपूर्णै: roasted paddy, पात्रीभि: with vessels, अभिसंस्कृतै: sanctified, अक्षतै: rice grains, ताम् that, वेदिम् altar, समन्तत on all sides, अलञ्चकार adorned. Venerable and renowned ascetic Vasishta said "Be it so".And with Viswamitra and virtuous Satananda in the forefront, an altar was duly improvised in the centre of the sacrificial pavilion. He adorned the altar on all sides with fragrant flowers, golden ladles, waterpots with holes filled with sprouts, earthen vessels with sprouts, holders of burning fragrant incense conchshaped vessels, sacrificial ladles, bowls filled with with water for arghya and other purposes, vessels with roasted paddy and grains of rice. ततस्सीतां समानीय सर्वाभरणभूषिताम्।।1.73.25।। समक्षमग्ने स्संस्थाप्य राघवाभिमुखे तदा। अब्रवीज्जनको राजा कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनम्।।1.73.26।। तत thereafter, राजा king, जनक: Janaka, सर्वाभरणभूषिताम् adorned with various ornaments, सीताम् Sita, समानीय having brought, अग्ने: समक्षम् in the presence of Agni, राघवाभिमुखे facing Rama, संस्थाप्य placing, तदा then, कौसल्यानन्दवर्धनम् enhancing the joy of Kausalya, अब्रवीत् spoke. Thereafter king Janaka brought Sita adorned with various ornaments and placed her in the presence of Agni in front of Rama, the enhancer of the joy of Kausalya. And said: इयं सीता मम सुता सहधर्मचरी तव। प्रतीच्छ चैनां भद्रं ते पाणिं गृह्णीष्व पाणिना।।1.73.27।। मम my, सुता daughter, तव your, सहधर्मचरी with you observing righteous deeds, सीता Sita, इयम् this girl, एनाम् her, प्रतीच्छ च accept, ते भद्रम् prosperity to you, पाणिम् her hand, पाणिना with your hand, गृह्णीष्व hold. "This my daughter Sita will be your partner in performing her rightful duty. Accept her. Farewell. Take her hand into your own. पतिव्रता महाभागा छायेवानुगता सदा। इत्युक्त्वा प्राक्षिपद्राजा मन्त्रपूतं जलं तदा।।1.73.28।। By being a devoted wife this highly fortunate Sita would always follow you like a shadow". Thus spoken, he sprinkled the water sanctified with mantras (on them). साधु साध्विति देवाना मृषीणां वदतां तदा । देवदुन्दुभिर्निर्घोष: पुष्पवर्षो महानभूत्।।1.73.29।। Then gods and sages exclaimed: 'well, well'. Celestial kettledrums were sounded and there was a steady rain of flowers. लक्ष्मणागच्छ भद्रं ते ऊर्मिलामुद्यतां मया। प्रतीच्छ पाणिं गृह्णीष्व माभूत्कालस्य पर्यय:।।1.73.31।। "Lakshmana come and accept my daughter. Urmila ready to be bestowed upon you by me. Take her hand. Let there be no delay". तमेवमुक्त्वा जनको भरतं चाभ्यभाषत। गृहाण पाणिं माण्डव्या: पाणिना रघुनन्दन ।। 1.73.32।। Janaka, having spoken thus to Lakshmana addressed Bharata: "O Descendant of the Raghus hold Mandavi's hand in your own". शत्रुघ्नं चापि धर्मात्मा अब्रवीज्जनकेश्वर:। श्रुतकीर्त्या महाबाहो पाणिं गृह्णीष्व पाणिना।।1.73.33।। The righteous king Janaka, said again: "O Mightyarmed Satrughna take the hands of Srutakirti". सर्वे भवन्तस्सौम्याश्च सर्वे सुचरितव्रता:। पत्नीभिस्सन्तु काकुत्स्था माभूत्कालस्य पर्यय:।।1.73.34।। O Descendants of Kakustha (Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Satrughna) you all are gentle. You possess sound character. You are true to your vows. Live with your wives. *Let there be no delay".* जनकस्य वच श्शृत्वा पाणीन् पाणिभिरास्पृशन्। चत्वारस्ते चतसृ़णां वसिष्ठस्य मते स्थिता:।।1.73.35।। At the words of Janaka the four princes took the hands of the four sisters with their own *with the consent of Vasishta .* अग्निं प्रदक्षिणीकृत्य वेदिं राजानमेव च। ऋषींश्चैव महात्मानस्सभार्या रघुसत्तमा:।।1.73.36।। यथोक्तेन तदा चक्रुर्विवाहं विधिपूर्वकम्। The great, noble princes of the race of Raghu, accompanied by their wives circumambulated the altar of the sacred fire. King Janaka and the sages in obedience to the directions of Vasishta and in accordance with the sastras conducted the matrimonial. काकुत्स्थैश्च गृहीतेषु ललितेषु च पाणिषु।।1.73.37।। पुष्पवृष्टिर्महत्यासीदन्तरिक्षात्सुभास्वरा। While the descendants of Kakustha (Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Satrughna) held the elegant hands (of Sita, Urmila, Mandavi, and Srutakirti) there was a heavy rain of bright flowers from the sky. 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