CULTURAL QA04-2021-18 Being a compilation there may be errors
Q1 What should be the bloodsugar range after meals and before bedtime? A1 Kaleea Zerra March 72021 Studied Medical Professions and Professionals at Philadelphia, PA(Graduated 2019) Managing diabetes — whether you have type 1 or type 2 — is a full-timejob. Your condition doesn’t clock out at 5 p.m. when you’re ready to take abreak. You have to maintain your blood sugar checks, medication, exercise, andeating habits all day to keep your disease under control. In fact, you should be mindful of your diabetes all the way untilbedtime. Before you set the alarm and settle in under the covers each night, here are a few bedtime to-do’sthat will help you get more control over your diabetes and sleep more soundly. Check your blood sugar level Routine blood sugar checks are an important part of managing yourdiabetes. Checking yourblood sugar at bedtime will help you and your doctor know whether your medicineand other treatments are adequately controlling your blood sugar levelsovernight. Your blood sugar goal at bedtime should be in the range of 90 to 150milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Eat a bedtime snack When you live with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, you might haveexperienced something that experts have named the “dawn phenomenon” or the “dawn effect.” Early in the morning — often between the hours of 2 a.m. and 8 a.m.—yourblood sugar might spike. This surge in blood sugarcould be the result of factors such as: the release of hormones early in themorning that increase insulin resistance, insufficient insulin or medicationdosing the night before, carbohydrate snacking at bedtime, or yourliver releasing a burst of glucose overnight. To combat the dawn phenomenon,eat a high-fiber, low-fat snack before bed. Whole-wheat crackers with cheese oran apple with peanut butter are two good choices. These foods will keep your blood sugar steady andprevent your liver from releasing too much glucose. Just keep the portion sizesmall, so you don’t exceed your recommended calorie or carbohydrate count forthe day. Eating toomuch before bed can contribute to weight gain, which is counterproductive whenyou have diabetes. Foods can affect different people’s blood sugar in different ways. Monitor your blood sugar in themorning to help determine how much and what type of a snack may be best for you. Normal Blood Sugar Levels Normal Blood Sugar Levels areprovided in the Blood GlucoseChart. A simple diabetes blood test using diabetes test strips allows forcontinuous blood glucose monitoring at home. How do you check your bloodglucose level? Put blood from a finger prick on a diabetes test strip. Blot off excessblood with a tissue. Read the glucose test strip either by comparing the colourwith the colour chart on the test strip bottle or by using an electronic bloodglucose meter. It isimportant to follow the instructions on the bottle or meter carefully. When should you check yourdiabetes blood sugar levels? Routinely For Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (usually controlled by diet for diabetes anddiabetes medicine, or by diet alone), 2-3 times each week at different times of the day isenough. For Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (which requires insulin), more regularchecking is required; that is, at least once a day, usually first thing beforebreakfast and then about 2 hours after a meal. Your blood glucose levels are likely to be low before meals andhigh 2 hours after meals. Special Circumstances Stress, illness or too much foodwill push your blood glucose level up and you can get high blood sugarreadings. Exercise and your diabetesmedications will pull your blood glucose level down. When you are ill or under a lot of stress or exercising more than usual,you may need to check your blood sugar levels more often than usual Q2 Can you tell about BloodSugar: Hidden Causes of High Blood Sugar Levels in the Morning? A2 Cleveland Clinic - ClevelandClinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helpssupport our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products orservices. High blood sugar in the morningmay be caused by the Somogyi effect, a condition also called "reboundhyperglycemia." It also may be caused by dawn phenomenon, which is the end result of a combination ofnatural body changes. What causes high blood sugar levels in the morning? Commonly known reasons why your blood sugar may be high in the morninginclude high-carbbedtime snacks and not enough diabetes medications. Yet two lesser-known reasons maybe causing your morning blood sugar woes: the dawn phenomenon and the Somogyieffect. These causes of highmorning blood sugar levels are a result of body changes and reactions thathappen while you are sleeping. What is the dawn phenomenon? Your body uses glucose (sugar) for energy and it is important to have enough extra energy to beable to wake up in the morning. So for a period of time in the earlymorning hours, usually between3 a.m. and 8 a.m., your body starts churning out stored glucose to prepare forthe upcoming day. At the same time, your bodyreleases hormones that reduce your sensitivity to insulin. In addition, these events may be happening while your diabetesmedication doses taken the day before are wearing off. These events cause your body's blood sugar levels to rise in the morning(at "dawn"). What is the Somogyi effect? A second possible cause of high blood sugar levels in the morning is theSomogyi effect, sometimes also called rebound hyperglycemia. It was named afterthe doctor who first wrote about it. If your blood sugar drops too low in the middle of the night while youare sleeping, your body will release hormones in an attempt to “rescue” youfrom the dangerously low blood sugar. The hormones do this by promptingyour liver to release stored glucose in larger amounts than usual. But this system isn’t perfect in a person withdiabetes, so the liverreleases more sugar than needed which leads to a high blood sugar level in themorning. This is the Somogyi effect. How is it determined if the dawn phenomenon or Somogyi effect is causingthe high blood sugar levels? Your doctor will likely ask youto check your blood sugar levels between 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. for several nightsin a row. If your blood sugar is consistently low during this time, the Somogyieffect is suspected. If the blood sugar is normal duringthis time period, the dawn phenomenon is more likely to be the cause. Some additional clues that the Somogyi effect may be the causeinclude nightmares, restless sleep and overnight sweating as these areall signs of low blood sugar levels. How can high blood sugar levels in the morning be controlled? Once you and your doctor determine how your blood sugar levels arebehaving at night, he or she can advise you about the changes you need to maketo better control them. Optionsthat your doctor may discuss depend on the cause of the morning high bloodsugars. For dawn phenomenon: Changing the timing or type of your diabetes medications Eating a lighter breakfast Increasing your morning dose ofdiabetes medication If you take insulin, switching to an insulin pump and programming it torelease additional insulin in the morning For Somogyi effect: Decreasing the dose ofdiabetes medications that are causing overnight lows Adding a bedtime snack that includes carbs Doing evening exercise earlier If you take insulin, switching to an insulin pump and programming it torelease less insulin overnight My note- Once my nephrologist remarkedto me about these two items- dawn phenomenon and somogyi effect when bloodglucose levels were high but diabatoligist has to decide- heemphasised. Now both these are clear to me. Diabatologist desired night walk for a few minutes but in the night traffic it was impossible towalk in the road. At that time my eyes were not operated for cataract. I hope the above two QA are informative to type 2 diabetics among us. Always take doctor’s advicebefore changing dose of insulin or medications. Q3 Various experimentsshowed that the mass of the nucleus is approximately twice that or the numberof protons. What is the origin of this additional mass? A3 Satya Parkash Sud 29mago M.Sc. in Physics & Nuclear Physics, University of Delhi (Graduated 1962) Various experiments show that the mass number of thenuclei, particularly the light nuclei is twice the atomic number (which is equal to the number ofprotons in the nucleus or also equal to the electrons orbiting the nucleus in aneutral atom) of the atom to which the nucleus belongs? What is the origin of this additional mass? The source of additional mass are the neutrons,whose number in light nuclei is the same as the number of protons but as theatomic number increases (ie the number of protons in the nucleus increase, the ratio of number of neutron tonumber of protons starts to increasing from one and more neutrons compared toprotons are added to the nucleus to dilute the effect of repulsive CoulombEnergy. Q4 If Hindu gods are real,is it safe to believe that poverty, hunger, and low living standard in India iscaused by Hindu gods? A4 Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam SatLawyer What does the Gita says? It Says God gives Man every possible chance to correct the situation andmaintain a positive Dharmic Balance on Earth and it is only when Adharma becomes more than Dharma -does God come down to earth in one of his avatars to shift the Dharmic balanceback towards Dharma. So all this Poverty and Hunger in India and the World are Mans way ofslowly increasing the Adharma and reducing the Dharmic Balance. As this keeps increasing God will come down tocorrect the situation. So the comparison will be like this:- Your mother allows you and your siblings to play by yourselves withoutdamaging the house or yourself or causing any trouble. As long as you are goodkids - no problem but if you start making too much trouble your mother willcome, spank you and send you to bed without food. Hindu Gods are also the same -They will allow Man and Womanto take care of things by themselves but when they see that Man or Woman areunable to do so either due to an Adharmic Tyrant like Ravana or Hiryanakashapuor due to their own bad vices - They will always protect mankind. So the best thing to do is to believe That God will come at the righttime and those who believe and are not evil will be benefited and helped. All the above QA are based onQuora on 19-04 - 2021. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers Compiled and posted by R. 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