Pranam Original agmark informations of knowhow sridhrji KR IRS 201221 On Sun, 19 Dec 2021 at 22:49, 'venkat giri' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote:
> *Respected Sir/s,* > > *Q2 Why do railways need wood? Don’t trains just run on steel tracks?* > *A2:Railway sleepers, also called railroad ties, railway ties or > crossties, are a*n important railway component. *Generally, the rail > sleeper is always laying between two rail tracks to keep the correct space > of gauge. It is a component of permanent way laid transversely under the > rails and performing the following functions. To support the rails firmly > and evenly. To maintain the gauge of the back correctly. To distribute the > weight common on the rails over a sufficiently large areas of the ballast.* > > * Today's railway sleepers are made from steel or pre-stressed > concrete. The former has replaced wooden sleepers on provincial services, > whereas concrete sleepers have been common on inter-city routes over the > last 60 years.* > > * Steel sleepers are more often used because of stronger than > wood and economical than concrete. They also have good life span. They are > molded in trough shape and placed on ballast in inversed trough shape* > * Having been developed for more than one hundred years, > the railway ties need to meet the different requirements of the various > railway tracks. In the past time, railroad ties were usually made of wood > and had continued for about 50 years.* > > * Then with the development of steel tracks, steel > sleepers appeared. And later, the first concrete sleeper experiment was > made in Germany in 1906 between the line Nuremberg and Bamberg.* > > *In the recent time, concrete sleepers are widely used, especially in > Europe and Asia. And in UK, steel ties are common. Besides, plastic > composite ties are also employed in the rail track transportation.* > > *Historically, wooden ties were made of a variety of softwood and some > popular hardwoods such as oak, jarrah, and karri. They are only suitable > for low-speed lines with a speed limit of 160 km/h. As to acceptable > species of wood for sleepers, the types are European oak, beech, pine etc. > But nowadays, wooden sleepers are mostly replaced by concrete sleepers in > some countries.* > > *Wooden sleeper advantages:* > > *Easy to manufacture and handle* > *Electrically insulated* > *Easily adapted to non-standard situations* > *Disadvantages:* > > *Non reusable* > *Expensive of the limit wood resource* > *In recent times, steel sleepers mostly handle heavy loads and can be > designed to suit different rail track specifications. Weighing the same as > timber, steel sleeper can replace wood sleepers and be used on a ballasted > bridge, providing a more durable and stronger solution without increasing > bridge load.* > > *Steel sleeper advantages:* > > *Easy to install and manufacture* > *Handle more weight* > *Disadvantages:* > *Sensitive to the chemical attacks* > *Hard to maintain* > *Low transverse resistance* > *Compared with wooden sleepers, which are increasingly difficult and > expensive to source in sufficient quantities and quality, concrete ties are > cheaper and easier to obtain.* > * In general, it can also be divided into > pre-stressed mono block concrete sleepers and reinforced twin block > concrete sleepers. Due to the greater weight, which helps sleepers remain > in the correct position longer, concrete ties require less maintenance than > timber and have a longer service life.* > > *In some countries, concrete sleepers occupy an important position. For > example, on the highest line categories in the UK, pre-stressed concrete > ties are the only ones permitted by Network Rail standards.* > > *Concrete sleeper advantages:* > *Cheaper* > *Easier to obtain* > *Less maintenance required* > *Longer service life* > > *Disadvantages:* > *Hard to handle due to large weight* > *Difficult to maintain longitudinal level due to higher inertia moment and > lower elasticity* > *Q7 What can you eat for Ekadashi?* > * A7: The Ekadashi day i.e. eleventh day of a lunar month is believed > to be significant to Lord Vishnu and the followers of the Lord observe a > full fasting on this day. * > > * Devotees start the fast from the > dawn of Ekadashi and end it the next morning. They are not allowed to eat > rice, pulses, garlic and onion during the fast. People who can't follow the > strict fasting rules can have milk and fruits. Non-vegetarian foods are > strictly prohibited in Hindu households on this day.* > Every fasting occasion > in India is said to have some set of rules to be followed in order to > complete the fast. The holy scriptures guide us with the course of action > that we need to tread to fulfill our deed. Not everyone can read the > scriptures and decipher the texts accurately. This is where our older > generation becomes the savior as they have done it all. > Intermittent fasting during Ekadashi is extremely useful with > antioxidant antiaging and many other beneficial effects on health. > Fortnightly fasting has been scientifically proved to produce hormonal > changes. Fasting gives rest to the metabolism. It reduces blood glucose > level as there is no carbs intake > *Breaking the fast every time with a combination of amla-raita and agathi > leaves(Keerai) with a significantly positive effect on the digestive system > is scientifically the near ideal nutritious food. These dietary supplements > supply adequate calories having anti-ulcer properties with a probiotic > additive. Amla has a lot of potential and proved benefits against diabetes > and cardiovascular diseases16. In our setting of its use after fasting, it > is still to be explored. The Amla fruit normalizes digestion, reduces > gastric acidity and rejuvenates liver. It relieves constipation by an > improved colonic action. It also modifies the secretion of pancreatic and > biliary juice. It gives 48 calories per 100 grams also. The Amla fruit has > a clear anti-ulcer and anti-helicobacter pylori actions. These actions > exactly suit the post fasting gut state* > *_____* > *Regards* > *V.Sridharan* > *Trichy* > > On Sunday, 19 December, 2021, 09:01:10 am IST, 'gopala krishnan' via > iyer123 <[email protected]> wrote: > > > *CULTURAL QA 12-2021-19* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > Q1 Do most families clean their bed sheets and covers once a > week? What happens if you wait a month? > > A1 Gopala Krishnan , former Assistant General Manager > 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom (1966-2004)Answered just now > > *Yes is the answer*. Especially in this pandemic situation. Bedspreads, > bed sheets, pillow covers, blankets etc are to be washed weekly, if not > possible once in 10 days. Our dead skin will be in the clothes used by us. > In addition to detergent, germs killing items like dettol also has to be > added in washing machine. No quick wash or hand wash. Washing has to be > done for more duration and well dried and used. Anyone can feel the > freshness and quick sleep, after using washed items. If possible ironing is > more good . The heat not only removes the shrinks of cloth but also kill > any germs. > > Q2 Why do railways need wood? Don’t trains just run on steel > tracks? > > A2 Krishna Kumar Subramanian Air Transportation Industry > Engineering Specialist Tue > > *Those train tracks rest on “sleepers” or “track ties” or simply “ties”.* > > They used to be made of wood from the very beginning but later > construction was switched to concrete. *The Railways don’t need wood > anywhere anymore.* > > Q3 What's the most Indian thing you saw today? > > A3 Nitesh Ahirwar Engineering Lead at Persistent Systems Wed > > The most Indian thing I saw today is this : > > This is our AC covered with cloth which is in our hall > > Since its winters season , my mom decided to cover it with cloth so that > it doesn't get dust. > > This might seem to be too middle class but this really saves AC from dust > accumulating and increasing AC’s life when not in use for long time. > > And we as an Indian tend to preserve things and do not feel any shame > about it. > > *My note- Irrespective of season AC units have to* be operated once a > fortnight at least for 5-10 minutes. It should not be kept without > operating. This is the direction from AC engineers. *This is the reason > AC units are operated in turn in institutions like banks during winter.* > > Q4 Should I join the SBI Clerk leaving BOI PO since there are > news of banks being privatised? > > A4 Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam Lawyer Thu > > No No. Absolutely not.Why would you do that? > > *PO to Clerk is a ridiculous move.* > > What do you imagine will happen if BOI is Privatized? You really think > Staff can be fired - left, right and center???? > > *This is India and not USA or Canada where such things can be done* > > If you joined BOI as a PO when it was a PSB -thats it. Your path is clear. > > Most PSBs already began recruiting fewer and fewer staff since 2010 itself > so very few PSBs are Bloated with Staff. > > *Whom do you think will give all the Kissan Loans?* > > Today if Modijis announces Rs. 4000 Crore to Farmers - SBI or Banks roll > over and oblige > > Tomorrow if Modiji announces Rs. 4000 Crore - the Banks will say *“Nothing > Doing*”(if privatised) > > No Loan Waivers, No Jan Dhan Accounts, Minimum Balance 10,000/- > > So do you think the Govt is stupid? Sure this Govt is among the stupidest > bunch i have ever seen in my life - but someone like Rajnath or Gadkari > with brains will eventually tell them what they are risking > > So Don’t Worry and Don’t leave the PO Job for SBI Clerk Job > > Sure if you have an Offer from GOI as Gazetted Officer or a huge package > from FAANG companies - then Sure. Otherwise - NO. STAY PUT > > My note- For account opening minimum amount is *Rs 10000-00 already in > HDFC Bank*. For senior citizens Rs 5000-00 > > Q5 If white rice is not good for you, why are the Japanese so > healthy, since they eat so much of it? > > A5 James Kottackal Lives in India Dec 4 > > *The argument that rice (white or brown) is not healthy is not true.* White > rice also contains lots of nutrients, but in general, we can say that brown > rice have higher amounts of some vitamins and minerals than white rice. > White rice is easy to consume to the taste buds of many cultures than > others( In Tamilnadu white rice is common, but in Kerala brown rice is more > used). > > *For diabetic persons: Diabetics can eat both types of rice.* Few studies > have shown that brown rice is better for diabetes, heart disease and weight > maintenance. > > The key point is how much to eat and what other ingredients you eat with > rice. > > How much to eat? > > This depends on how much body will tolerate without raising blood sugar > too much after the meal. This trait is individual, some can eat more, some > can eat only a little. Regular testing using a glucometer is the key to > answer this. > > What other ingredients you need to eat with rice? > > Our cultures( Kerala, Tamilnadu and other Indian states) have invented > ingenious ways of presenting a balanced meal. See the picture of a typical > Tamil meal. This meal contain lots of different cooked vegetables, legumes, > curd among other things. All these items give a treat to taste buds and at > the same time supply loads of required proteins, fats, antioxidants, > vitamins and minerals to the body. > > > > *However, overeating any thing is not going to be good for any cultures* (and > diabetics should be extra careful on items such as rice, sweets and perhaps > high amounts of table salt in hotel meals) > > Q6 What is the first thing you start your day with? > > A6 Gopalkrishna Vishwanath Lived 69 years so far. No regrets. > Look forward to the best years now.Fri > > I look at my wristwatch to see if it is 6 am already. It has luminous > dials so that I can see in the dark. I wear my wristwatch all day except > when I am taking a bath. > > If it is still not 6 a.m still, I linger in bed hoping I don’t over sleep. > If it is past 6 am I toss the blanket aside and jump out of my bed and rush > to the bathroom to get ready for my Yoga session at 6:30 am along with > other residents in the retirement home I am now living in. > > The last thing I do to end the day is to listen to about 10 minutes of > soothing Indian classical music while lying in bed with my smartphone and > wearing headphones so that I don’t disturb my wife. If I start snoring, > my wife gently removes the headphones and switches off the phone. > > The next morning I can’t even recall what melody I was listening to. > > I have had no trouble going to sleep within 15 minutes ever since I > started this practice. > > Q7 What can you eat for ekadashi? > > A7 Sudha KL Yoga as a tool for self transformation Tue > > Today 14th December is Ekadashi. Ekadashi is the 11th day after the full > moon and the 11th day after the new moon. > > Science today tells us, rather our culture told us thousands of years ago, > that > fasting is necessary for our system. By system, it means, the whole of > the physical body, the mental body, the emotional body as well as the > energy body. > > On a continuous roll, 24x7 our system is on a sprinters mode. To slow down > and to give ourselves a break, we have to fast! Lol!! > > Brahmacharis, Yogis generally have nothing except water during Ekadashi > day, that is, the previous night dinner is followed by ekadashi night > dinner, that's all. Water is an exception, because of its natural cleansing > quality. This is the best way to fast, a full flush out. Remaining > conscious with an empty stomach keeps one alert. > > The next level of fasting is to have some honey water or lemon juice or > chew an Indian gooseberry. Or one can have some ashgourd juice. These > items are positive pranic food and support the process of fasting. > > *In South India, there is a tradition of observing palahara. That means to > have a few scoops of fruits*. Fruits remain mild on the digestive system > and suffice a semi-fasting. > > At the end of the day, breaking the fast is a bit of an intricate process. > Fasting can also build up digestive juices in the stomach, to the extent of > inducing nausea. Therefore, it is important to break your fast with the > right kind of food. > > Papaya is an ideal choice as it is one of the most nutritious fruits, and > is very healing for digestive problems and acidity. > > *Other fruits and raw vegetables are recommended alternatives and, if > possible, mix in some green gram sprouts for that extra boost to the meal!* > > Whatever be the level of fasting one is observing, if one wants to fast > for a certain period, it must always be supported with the right kind of > spiritual practices or Sadhana. This is a wonderful onto—route INWARD. > > Q8 How did the ancient Romans know that we have nine planets > in our solar system and named them after their gods? > > A8 Andrew Weill The joy of studying history is that you always > find more questions than answers Dec 5 > > The five naked-eye planets were known earlier than the Romans, dating back > to the Sumerians. *The Greeks called them Hermes, Aphrodite, Ares, Zeus, > and Cronus*. The Romans used their names for the equivalent deities. As > other answers correctly note, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto were discovered > later and not known as planets in antiquity. Earth was “Gaea” to the > Greeks and “Terra” to the Romans > > Q9 How do we know what killed the dinosaurs? > > A9 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, > shop owner, secretary on newspaper Nov 27 > > *We know from the geological record that there was a series of major > volcanic eruptions which affected the climate, followed by an asteroid > strike which* put the tin lid on it. And contrary to what some other > answers would have you believe, we have actually found fossils, incliding > dinosaur remains, from animals washed up by the tsunami which followed the > asteroid strike. *We can see where the sea was forced back up the mouth > of a river*, mingling sea- and freshwater creatures with animals washed > off the river banks. > > Q10 How does friction reduce the efficiency of a machine? > > A10 Nilesh Sumant , Freelancer (2018-present)Answered 22m ago > > The friction is one of the losses of a machine which reduces its out put > compared to the input quantum hence machine efficiency reduces. > > Q11 What is the real reason the evolution of the human brain and > intellect suddenly accelerated a few million years ago? > > A11 Steven Haddock Studied at York University (Canada)Oct 29 > > *Humans big brains are now known to be required for these primary tasks > that faced early humans:* > > Tracking animals that weren’t currently in sight; and Keeping track of > social relationships. > > *Neanderthals, like modern humans, and probably similar to other humanoid > species became adept at taking down large prey:* > > Prior to the invention of cooking and food preservation, this posed a > logistical problem. A kill was more than enough to feed a single family > group, but probably wasn’t enough to feed a band who worked together. > Unlike hunting small animals (which modern humans did better than > Neanderthals), taking down a large animal is a matter of someone getting > lucky at some point after everyone works together. > > *As such, unlike other animals which practice dominance eating (biggest or > more important animals go first*) humans practiced social sharing where > the person credited with the kill can divvy up the kill any way they like. > As such, it was vitally important to remember who shared food with you > before and who may have passed you over despite your contributions to the > hunt. *You would reward those who had rewarded you in the past.* > > And that requires a lot of brain power. *The average human brain is able > to track about 150 close social relationships which, through no coincidence*, > is the average size of human bands who hunted together. > > Tracking is another unique skill. Other predatory animals “hunt” which > means they chase after prey in their sight. Humans go looking for prey, > which means they have to keep track of a huge number of variables related > to the behavior of other species. A typical hunter-gatherer in modern times > can take a look at footprints and judge how old they are, what kind of > animal they belong to, the general health of the animal, and what direction > it was headed. > > *This ability is so well developed that it allows us to treat other > animals as if they were fellow humans* and to still understand their > motivations and behaviour > > *Q12 How many liters of air can the lungs hold in a normal breath?* > > A12 Ken Saladin Author, Anatomy & Physiology—The Unity of Form > and Function Thu > > For the average adult: > > *A normal breath takes in and expels about 0.5 liter. That’s called the > tidal volume.* > > The maximum an average adult can breathe in and out in one breath is about 4.7 > liters. That’s called the vital capacity. > > *The maximum the lungs can contain is about 6.0 L.* > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 18-12- 2021. * > > *Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan ,78, former AGM Telecom > Trivandrum on 19 -12-2021* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1022325686.2434145.1639883158019%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1022325686.2434145.1639883158019%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/926037295.2514361.1639934349790%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/926037295.2514361.1639934349790%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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