CULTURAL QA 03-2022-29

BEING  A COMPILATIONTHERE MAY  BE ERRORS

Q1         How does the pancreas know when torelease insulin or glucagon? What 
sends the signal for it to do that?

A1         Ken Saladin Former professor ofhistology (microscopic 
anatomy)Updated 15h

It doesn’t get the signals from an external source.

Theinsulin-secreting beta cells take up glucose from the blood and metabolize 
it.One of the enzymes in this pathway is called glucokinase. It controls an 
earlyrate-limiting step in glucose catabolism (breakdown) and appears to be 
thecell’s glucose sensor. Through its metabolic products, it signals 
mitochondriato initiate events that trigger insulin release from the 
cell.[1][2] When bloodglucose level falls, glucokinase activity falls, there’s 
less signaling of themitochondria, and therefore less insulin release.

The glucagon-secreting alpha cells are less wellunderstood. They’re much fewer 
in number than the betacells in experimental animals (rats, mice), therefore 
harder to obtain, andthere are more technical difficulties in studying them. At 
low levels of bloodglucose, sodium- and potassium-driven electrical changes 
occur in the plasmamembrane of alpha cells. Those electrical changes trigger a 
calcium releaseand—as in so many other cells from neurons to human eggs—calcium 
triggersexocytosis, in this case releasing glucagon by. Glucagon stimulates the 
liverto release glucose into the blood. As glucose level rises, it inhibits the 
calcium signalingmechanism in the alpha cells. The exact mechanism of 
glucose-driveninhibition was still not well known as of my source, but that was 
quite a whileago (2009).[3]

The gist of allthis, for most purposes, is that alpha and beta cells don’t rely 
onsignals from any external source. Their release of glucagon or insulin, 
respectively, isregulated by their own rate of glucose uptake, via signaling 
pathways insidethose cells that endocrine cell physiologists are still 
painstakingly workingout. Science marches on.

Q2         Why is it better to use the chip in acredit or debit card rather 
than swiping it?

A2         Steven Haddock Lives in Toronto, ON(1959–present)  23h

The chip isessentially hardware in your card that can’t be changed. All your 
financial information that makes the chip work is hard wired into it. Thechip 
can’t be removed without destroying the card. You can’tduplicate a chip in 
another card for this reason, so even if a fraudster managed to getall the 
information out of it it can’t be used in another card. It’s entirelysecure.

The swipe stripis just a piece of magnetic tape. It’s a piece of cake to copy 
that informationto another piece of magnetic tape on anothercard.

Q3         What are the side effects of fluoridebeing added to the public water 
system?

A3         Steven Haddock Studied at YorkUniversity (Canada) Mar 16

Children get farfewer cavities.That means dentists make less money and starve 
to death, leavingthe entire community without dentists.Fluoride can also cause 
minor pitting onteeth.

That’s it. There’sfar less fluoride in drinking water than in toothpaste.

Q4         Why did, in ancient times, civilizationdevelop around Mediterranean? 
What were people who were living in other places(modern France, Germany, 
Russia, etc.) doing?

A4         Matt Riggsby MA Archaeology, BostonUniversity Mar 7

The Mediterranean had a few things going for it. Theseinclude:

Nice climate. The Mediterranean is a very pleasantplace to live, with 
comfortable temperatures and rainfall adequate foragriculture, so it’s 
relatively friendly to the growth of populations andurbanism.

Easy transportation. Moving stuff by river isconsistently something like a 
fifth of the cost of moving stuff over land, andmoving stuff by sea is 
consistently something like a fifth of the cost ofmoving stuff by river. The 
Mediterranean is a relatively gentle sea with a lotof coastline and rivers 
penetrating deeply inland, making regional integrationrelatively easy.

The neighbors. This is one of the big ones, I think.One of the world’s earliest 
civilizations arose in Mesopotamia, just on theother side of the Levant from 
the Med. One of the others popped up along theNile valley, itself a major 
feeder into the Med. Egypt and Mesopotamia providedkey ideas for the 
development of civilization which were adopted in the MiddleEast and into 
Europe.

What people weredoing elsewhere was living largely Neolithic lifestyles with a 
smattering ofimported technologies. People in non-Mediterranean Europe and more 
northerlyparts of western Asia lived in relatively small farming villages or, 
in some ofwestern Asia, as nomadic horse-riding tribes. Eventually they adopted 
urban living as well, but thoseideas hadn’t yet penetrated and been adapted for 
use by local cultures.

Q5         We (Bachelors) are planning to buy a commonwashing machine for two 
houses. If we install in one house the electricity willbe drawn from that house 
only. So the electricity bill will high for thathouse. How to split among us?

A5         Venkateswara Swamy Swarna , formerScientist, Metallurgist, Quality / 
NDT Manager at Department of Atomic Energy,India (1967-2008)Answered Fri

You can install a sub-meter and draw the power for thewashing machine from that 
only. That way, you will knowthe units consumed in each bill and divide that 
amongst both the houses

Q6         Electric wire is generally round incross section. What difference in 
conduction would it make if it were square ortriangular?

A6         Angus Mccamant BS in ElectricalEngineering & Physics, Colorado State 
University  (Graduated 1982)Mar 16

This is actuallynot a simple question. Thefirst answer appears to be just the 
difference between a rectangular ortriangular cross section and a circular 
cross section. The conductance is proportional to the cross sectional area.

There are morefactors involved in the shape of wire. One big one is cost. Some 
of the otherare how compact you can wind a bunch of turns of the wire and how 
the wires areused. Another factor is the voltage on the wire. The last factor 
is thefrequency.

At lowfrequencies and moderate voltage (less than 1KV) where you want 
tominimize the resistance and you have limited area you use squareor 
rectangular wire. This is done in many transformers and high currentcommercial 
motors.

At highfrequencies and high voltages you always use round wires as this results 
inmore uniform electricfields and less chance of breakdown as well as lower 
loss at the MHzfrequencies.

Q7         Why are human beings not suitable forgenetic experiments?

A7         Claire Jordan Degree in biology andfolklore; programmer, shop owner, 
secretary on newspaper 20h

Ethical considerations, as Rachel says, but also we havea small number of 
offspring who grow very slowly.

The NHS hasrecently agreed to fund genetic editing treatments for two childhood 
geneticdisorders, one of which costs nearly a million pounds per patient, and 
theother nearly two million (although they’ll get a discount by buying in 
bulk). The NHS thinks this is worth it, notjust on humanitarian grounds but 
also financially, because we *think* these treatmentswill be a one-off complete 
cure, so these children will not go on toneed years or decades of expensive 
support. But it will be fifteen years beforewe can be absolutely certain these 
children are cured, and not just inremission - whereas with a rat you can be 
sure in about four months.

My note- I assume these can be diseases like autism andtype 1 diabetics. 

Q8         How much does drain cleaning cost?

A8         Cleaning Services Melbourne AnsweredJan 12, 2021

For common orsimple blockages, like a blocked toilet or kitchen drain, the cost 
can rangefrom $ 80 to $ 200. For something more serious, like a short run of 
blockeddrain pipes, the average fee would be $ 200 to $ 500.

2ND ANSWER- Rajkumari Maderna , works atStudents Answered Apr 15, 2016

It depends on thenature of work and time it consumes. Kitchen drains and shower 
drains cleaningis cheaper while sewer drain cleaning will costly. It will be 
better if youdiscuss and settle a price for the work so there will not be a 
price increaseonce work start.

3RD ANSWER- Gopala Krishnan, former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at 
Department of Telecom (1966-2004) Answered justnow

Recently there wasblockage in septic tank line in my home in Chennai, India. 
Septic tank clearingusing suction method to lorry tank was above 1500–00, but 
by opening andremoving two inspection points  to removeblocks I was charged Rs 
2000–00. But the persons coming with lorry andequipment for septic tank 
cleaning are experts to analyse and open the approximate blockagepoints. They 
come prepared with all blockage clearing equipment

Q9         Does washing clothes in cold water killgerms?

A9         Steven Haddock, lives in Toronto, ON(1959-present)Answered 55m ago

Yes. Its a littleless efficient at doing it than using hot water, but using 
cold water and laundry detergent is still fatalto the little buggers. Adding a 
little chlorine or oxygen bleachwill also help kill them.

2nd answer Effie May Answered 58m ago

No, most of the time washing clothes in cold waterdoes not kill germs. There 
are some washers that have sanitizing cycles andthat works.

A10       What's special about the VishnumayaTemple?

Vignesh Pn Fri 

Devotees getimmediate Solutions for their problems.

The best VishnumayaKuttichathan Temple in Kerala is Karuvannur Kuttichathan 
temple. This temple was 400 yearsoldest temple and temple power is an immediate 
solution for the Vishnumayasdevotees.

Whatevercomplicated matters disturbing in your life can be solved by performing 
poojasand giving offerings to lord Vishnu Maya kuttichathan Swamy. Devotees can 
feelthe differences in their life after performing poojas and giving offerings 
tolord Vishnumaya Kuttichathan Swamy At Karanayil Devasthanam.

My note- The QAis added for simple information about Vishnumaya temples in 
Trichur District,Kerala.

All the above QA are from  Quora  website on    29-03- 2022. 

Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .

Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 30-03-2022

 

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