Pranam *Q7 Humans did not come from apes, but humans and apes share a common ancestor. How do you explain what/who the "ancestor" is in layman's language?*
A7 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, shop owner, secretary on newspaper Tue *Humans do come from apes. Humans *are* apes.* Our closest relatives among the great apes are chimps and bonobos. We share a common ancestor with them about 7 million years ago. That ancestor was an ape, who was probably less bipedal than us, but more bipedal than chimps. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx There is a say that when a lie is uttered again and again , repeatedly, it is trying to appear as true. Let Mr Jordan show one piece of evidence nexus to his statement that too 7 million years ago. There are no perfect reader as a carbon dating beyond 50,000 years at all. So 7 million etc are a story fabricated , subjected to correction. As PURANIC SO Mr JORDAN. 2 Human and ape: the legend, the history and the DNA A vast amount of papers is published every year about species evolution, the most interesting being those recently published in the journal "Nature", concerning the human-ape relationship. The results and the new theories generated from this research are sometimes astonishing, rising not only biological, but also social, religious and cultural questions. A series of papers published in Nature and Nature Genetics over the past few months concerning the DNA analysis of both human and chimpanzee genome conclude that humans and chimps not only share a common ancestor but probably also kept interbreeding for a long time after their genetic split. The idea of evolution is ancient. Aristotle in his writings mentioned that "Nature, gradually, step by step, develops from inanimate substances to living creatures". He even gave a hint on natural selection. During the 13th c. AD, a Muslim scholar named Nasiraddin Tusi, while commenting on Aristotle, added that from elements evolve minerals, from minerals evolve plants, from plants evolve animals and from animals evolve humans, adding that "The human has features that distinguish him from other creatures, but has other features that unite him with the animal world, the vegetable kingdom or even with the inanimate bodies". 3 All these of course were assumptions based on a rather generalized observation of nature and it was Darwin’s specialized observations that lead to a more precise and well-documented theory, with its most disputable element being that of the common ancestor of man and ape. The concept of the man-ape relationship has also enjoyed a long-standing history, its origins being traced somewhere between History and Legend. It has always been implied but rarely precisely described, that *man and ape, regardless of the sub-species of ape, shared more than the air they breathed.* 4 Alexander reached the "land of the apes" where he found two kinds of ape-men, the one large, ferocious and man-eating (resembling gorillas), and the other small, hospitable and playful (resembling baboons)7 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2464272/#R7>. Other legendary ape-like humans or human-like apes are the famous Yeti of the Himalaya and Big-foot of North America. Somewhere between fable and reality there exist a few stories about man-like chimpanzees (Humanzees) "documented" with some poor quality photographs, although their credibility is rather questionable . All these stories could not leave Hollywood unaffected and several ape-like aliens became stars during the 20 century, Chewbacca and Yoda in "Star Wars", the Klingons in "Star Trek" and the characters of the "Planet of the Apes" being the most famous. But where did these ape-men come from? Hidden in some other legends we may find a probable answer: In Hindu mythology Hanuman was a monkey-God, the son of Vayu, the wind-God, and a female named Anjana who was a Vanara (a human having the fur and tail of a monkey). According to an ancient Greek story, Hermolycos’ daughter copulated with a big ape and gave birth to several "Hermo-apes". In the book of One-Thousand and One Nights (Nights 9-18, The Story of the Envier and the Envied) a princess in love protects a man enchanted to the form of an ape. 5 This human-ape relationship remained hidden mainly because the result was degrading and demeaning. Actually, to the public opinion, any kind of kinship with apes is degrading and demeaning. In 1860, Thomas Huxley, a loyal defender of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, debated Archbishop Samuel Wilberforce over "The Origin of the Species". The best line was uttered by a woman who wasn’t even allowed to attend: "Descended from an ape? Let us hope that it’s not true, but if it is, let us pray that it will not become generally known". Such a degradation could very well be a punishment from God: According to one Jewish legend, three classes of men built the tower of Babel, one of which was turned to monkeys as a punishment from God, starting a line of thought that yields the possibility not only of evolution from ape to human but also of degradation from human to ape. From the same source we read a Muslim fable that tells of the ancient Jews who lived in Elath and were turned into monkeys as a punishment from Allah for having fished on the Sabbath. 7 But these are only fables. What kind of relationship did humans and apes *really* had and still have? There exist at least four kinds. One, the ape as food, two, the ape as a pet, three, the ape as an experimental animal and fourth the ape as a sexual partner. Apes were and probably still are an important source of protein for some primitive tribes. Strong evidence exists that some diseases have spread from apes to humans through hunting or eating their meat and viscera. SIV might have evolved to HIV in a similar way. In the cases where humans had other, tastier animals to eat, they still used apes for their amusement. There exist numerous references from ancient Egypt, Rome, Medieval Europe where men and women of aristocracy used to go to the market with their pet apes. Nowadays, although apes are harder to find than, say, dogs, some people retain apes as pets. A recent report talks about a southwest Missouri woman who has asked the Springfield-Greene County Health Department to allow her to take her pet monkey into local restaurants as a service animal, because, as she said, her bonnet macaque monkey provides emotional support that allows her to overcome an anxiety disorder and go out in public places such as restaurants. But in the case ape-as-a-pet is not the issue, apes still come in handy for humans. Their resemblance to humans makes them excellent material for experimentation. From the Roman era, Galen extrapolated the use of apes for dissections for educational and experimental reasons, pointing out that from all apes, those that were most man-like should be preferred. Galen mentioned their external resemblance to humans because it was the only clue he had. The same policy regarding experiments takes place today: we use those apes that are more closely related to us genetically. And what about sexual relationships? According to a report, specially trained big apes were used in the Roman arena to copulate with willing or unwilling women. From the same source we learn that during the Medieval times several stories existed about apes copulating with humans, one of them supposedly being narrated by Pope Alexander II who also presented an ape-like boy as the offspring of a countess and an ape. 8 There also exists an interesting report from the 1920s regarding a Russian Biologist named Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov who carried out a series of experiments to create a human/ape hybrid. His project was backed-up by the Soviet government with a substantial amount of money. It is questionable why the Soviet government was interested in such a project. There are two aspects about this: 1) The Bolshevik elite wanted to destroy the belief in God, and subject nature to serve the new Soviet Man. 2) Probably, neither general ethical concerns nor Judeo-Christian beliefs would be of any interest to Soviet Marxists. Stalin, whose star was rising in the crimson world of Soviet politics, hoped he would get hybrid slaves who would be completely obedient. All Ivanov’s efforts however failed. While such reports might seem untrue, according to the primatologist Birute Galdikas, orangutans could be sexually interested in a human if they lived closely for some time. And the story goes vice-versa as well. According to a study, conducted by Meredith Chivers and J. Michael Bailey, women could be sexually aroused by viewing other primates copulating. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=PMC3&id=2464272_hippokratia-11-094-g001.jpg> 9 The DNA analysis and comparison between humans and chimpanzees confirmed a homology of a very high percentage, above 98%. Some scientists used this finding to confirm our kinship with chimpanzees while others highlighted the 2% mismatch as a very important part to stress the differences between the species. After Stephen Wooding et al published their results on the possible ways of HIV transmission from chimpanzees to humans, the discussion on the human-ape relationship flared up. The late results about the DNA resemblances between our own and some ape species plus some very interesting hypotheses regarding the splitting of the species during evolution but with continuous interbreeding, brought a far more politically incorrect discussion to the surface: Did "humanoids" and primitive apes interbreed? 9A According to the above legends and stories we may reply positively. Of course, these legends and stories cover only the last 3000 years while the interbreeding started millions of years ago. We have however other examples of events that took place before historical times, were similarly embedded in common human memories, but were incorporated in written religious or folk traditional texts many centuries later, like the Cataclysm, Homer’s poems, the Genesis of the Old Testament etc. So, if humans and apes had all kinds of encounters so long after they had genetically split, it would be no surprise if they habitually interbred early after their genetic split, when their external characteristics were only slightly different. 10 This is the research paper. Well knitted from the facts available. W hereas some incongruent synopsis exist fro 3000 years only, where is the question of 7 million years?. KR IRS 10622 On Fri, 10 Jun 2022 at 10:13, 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 06-2022-10* > > *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS* > > *Q1 Why are we advised to wear rubber chap- pals while working > with electricity?* > > A1 Gopala Krishnan, former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 > at Department of Telecom (1966-2004)Answered just now > > Need not be rubber foot ware, even leather footwear holds good. Most > important is there should not be any nails appearing in the bottom of the > footwear. Thanks to footwear repairs, 99% do not use nails now, use a > solution > to paste areas together. > > Irrespective of leather or rubber footwear, most important is *THEY > SHOULD BE DRY AND LEAST WET.* If they are wet, purpose is lost. > > *Q2 Are sugars from fruit bad for you?* > > A2 Lucia Garcia Worked at Hospitals12h > > The sugar in fruit is a natural sugar, which is harmless. Many health > experts believe that eating more fruit is good for the body. > > Fruit sugar is a mixture of fructose, glucose and sucrose, which is much > lower in sugar than most sweet snacks. > > *Most importantly, The Body Metabolizes Fruit Sugars Differently Than > Processed or Added Sugars.* > > The body breaks down processed or added sugars quickly, causing blood > sugar levels to spike and excess sugar to be converted into fat and stored. > > However, fruits contain not only sugar, but also high amounts of nutrients > such as dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fats, which slow > down the digestion and absorption of sugar into the bloodstream. > > A 7.5-year study of 500,000 people by British and Chinese scientists found > that *people who ate one serving of fruit a day had a much lower risk of > developing various chronic diseases* than those who rarely ate fruit. > > *My note- Recently we get oranges (cross produced* ) which are just above > the size of a good lemon. They are very sweet. Just I tried one. I am > diabetic *My blood sugar level increased by 50 points!!!* > > *Q3 What is the most nutrient-dense fruit in the world?* > > A3 Peter Kaye Former Farmer/gardener/ beekeeper May 21 > > By nutrient- dense, I presume the most nutritious? That would be the > custard apple, it is the second most nutritious food on the planet > according to an analysis done in Britain. > > *Q4 Why is Bangalore cooler than other places in Karnataka?* > > A4 Gautham Sampath Lives in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Mon > > There are other places in Karnataka and other parts of Southern India > which are also cooler like *Coorg, Ooty,Munnar,Araku Valley,etc* but > these places are hill stations and Bangalore isn’t, then why still > Bangalore is cooler than other parts of India? > > Its due to various reasons that make Bengaluru way more cooler than other > places. > > *1.Bengaluru’s Elevation- Bengaluru elevation is at* 900 meters or 3000 > ft from the sea level and higher the elevation of a place its cooler also- > One can experience this change in elevation *when one travels from > Vellore or Salem to Bengaluru*. From Vaniyambadi(a town in Tamil Nadu), > as one travels through car/bike/bus he can notice that the elevation keeps > on gradually increasing as one comes by *Hosur 90% elevation is > achieved(that’s why even Hosur has similar climate like Bengaluru).* > > 2.Lot of trees and water bodies- Its told that Bengaluru was once a dense > forest with many snakes and wild animals likes leopards and elephants. > Slowly it turned to village then to a city. It lost its forest cover, water > bodies(lakes) . *The surrounding areas like Bannerghatta is a elephant > corridor and the areas like Hosakote and Malur now also leopards are > spotted.* > > 3. Surrounded by hills-Bangalore is surrounded by hills- Eastern ghats > towards south and east. Other mountain ranges on its west and north(like > the Nandi hills). > > 4.Rains - Bangalore is at a position and the only place that receives > both the South west and north east monsoons and no other places enjoys both > the monsoon rains so equally. Even Summer rains make the city cool as soon > the city gets hot(Thanks to the green cover of the city). > > 5.Soil- Bangalore’s soil is very fertile and the soil type is lake soil > which is very rich in minerals and has a capacity to retain water even > during summers. Dig anywhere in Bengaluru and within 1 to 2 metre’s you > will get fresh water (nowadays it has turned salty in some parts) making > the soil/land to remain cooler. All these factors are perfect for the city > to remain cooler. > > *Q5 Why is gold so rare in nature?* > > A5 Karl Jansson Amateur Science Guy May 29 > > *Gold is very difficult to produce to start with, hence it is rare for > that reason*. It can be produced in neutron star mergers or super nova > explosions. > > *Gold is also very heavy, so it is believed that all gold present when the > Earth was molten sank to the center of the Earth*, and that *all gold on > land was delivered by asteroids after the Earth surface had solidified.* > > In addition we have continental drift with subduction where a plate is > going down to be recycled in the interior. Any gold there is likely lost by > sinking to the center of the Earth, but can *in some instances surface > again through plume-subduction interaction.* > > *Q6 Do ants remember each other?* > > A6 Ken Saladin Former professor of animal behaviour Mon > > *I don’t think they recognize each other as individuals or remember each > other*. At most, I think they only recognize each other in the > collective, as castes. A worker can tell another worker from a soldier or, > but not one worker from another worker. > > *This is only my conjecture or belief. I don’t know if any behaviourist > has experimentally investigated this.* For the most part, though, I don’t > think insects have much individual recognition other than a few species > that care for their own young for a little while, like earwigs. > > *Q7 Humans did not come from apes, but humans and apes share a > common ancestor. How do you explain what/who the "ancestor" is in layman's > language?* > > A7 Claire Jordan Degree in biology and folklore; programmer, > shop owner, secretary on newspaper Tue > > *Humans do come from apes. Humans *are* apes.* > > Our closest relatives among the great apes are chimps and bonobos. We > share a common ancestor with them about 7 million years ago. That > ancestor was an ape, who was probably less bipedal than us, but more > bipedal than chimps. > > *Q8 Why is it good for you to eat the skin of apples?* > > A8 Lucia Garcia Worked at Hospitals May 25 > > As the saying goes, "an apple a day keeps the doctor away". Apple is > undoubtedly one of the healthiest fruits in the world. > > However, it is really pity that some people *will cut off the apple skin > when eating apples.* Many studies have pointed out that the *nutritional > value of apple skin is 4 to 6 times higher than the pulp.* > > A medium apple is about 70mm to 80mm in diameter, and The Skin is About > 0.3mm to 0.5mm Thick. > > Apple skin is a source of excellent dietary fiber. About two-thirds of > dietary fiber exist in apple skin. > > Most of the apple polyphenols exist in apple skin, about 2.5 times the > pulp. Apple polyphenol is a biological activity material with strong > antioxidant. > > According to the determination, the content of potassium and vitamin E in > apple peel is 2 times and 4 times that of pulp respectively. > > The skin of a medium apple contains 8.5 mg of vitamin C, and 100 > international units (IU) of vitamin A. After peeling, the two vitamins > contained only 6.5 mg and 60 IU. > > *According to the latest research, people who eat an apple a day have a > much stronger immune function* and resistance than people who don't eat > apples, and are less susceptible to other viruses and bacteria. > > *Q9 Why is rice unhealthy?* > > A9 Hantani Sadahiko· Lives in Japan (1967–present)May 12 > > *The rice is healthy.* > > *Dietary fiber (rice crackers) in rice prevents constipation and cleans > the large intestine.* > > It also contains vitamins B1, B2 and E, which are essential to the health > of your skin, so you can have a beautiful and healthy skin. Rice meals > are perfect for dieting! > > The calorie of rice is not high compared to other foods. For example, a > bowl of rice has 160 kcal, equivalent to a slice of 6 loaves of bread, > about half of shortcake and 1/3 of instant ramen. > > *On top of that, it is digested slowly, so it is difficult to accumulate > as fat*, and it can be said that it is a food that is difficult to gain > weight. > > The main nutrients of rice are 77% carbohydrates and 7% protein, which are > sources of energy for the body. > > In addition, it contains various nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and > dietary fiber. Among other things, protein is as good as beef or milk. > > It contains a good balance of essential amino acids necessary for the > body. *The Japanese take 23.4% of their daily protein needs from rice.* > > *Q10 Why does cold water not quench thirst in the summer?* > > A10 Gopala Krishnan, former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 > at Department of Telecom (1966-2004) Answered just now > > I do not think question is correct. After walking in hot summer even half > a KM in Chennai, India, *one requires cold water or any cool drinks*. > Somehow one desires cold water than water at room temperature or any drink > at room temperature. *Brain sends signals to mouth to drink cool water.* > > Even on days when fridge was not commonly available, *people drank water > from a porous mud pot or fetching water from the bottom of wells which used > to be cold*. Those collected water from rivers also used to collect water > keeping water pot at a depth of one or two feet from the river level so > that water is cool. > > *As a diabetic , I desire a cool drink with sweetness than cold water*. > Why brain sends signals in summer to the cells in mouth for cold liquids, > is a scientific point. > > *There are persons telling cool drink will not stop the requirement of > thirst, but ordinary water could*. I too drink ordinary water, when no > cool water or cool drink is AVAILABLE. Drinking the required quantity of > cool drink, stops the thirst. Of course for some, requirement can be more. > > My note- For some diabetics sweet cool drinks may increase blood sugar > level. Not for all. > > *Q11 How does paracetamol work in our body?* > > A11 Vivienne Marcus got a medical degree once. Updated Mon > > The other answers so far are all a bit muddled. > > *The short answer is: we don’t know.* > > Paracetamol isn’t an NSAID. It has no demonstrable inhibitory effect on > COX-1 or COX-2. A third isoform of the enzyme, COX-3, exists in rats but > has never been found in humans and the corresponding human DNA codes for a > protein which isn’t a COX enzyme. Paracetamol has no anti-inflammatory > activity. So anyone who says it’s an NSAID is incorrect—even though it’s > commonly described as one. > > If paracetamol had a membrane receptor, we would have found it by now; > it’s not like we haven’t been looking. So all we have are clues. > > *The first is, there seems little doubt paracetamol* works in the brain, > or at least the central nervous system. That’s why you won’t find > paracetamol sold as gel or ointment. > > *The second is that it seems to reduce fever as well* as pain. One of the > major stimulants of fever is prostaglandins, which has made people think > it’s somewhat like the NSAIDs. I think this is probably a red herring. > > The third is that some medications seem to inhibit the analgesic effect > of paracetamol, such as anti-cannabinoid drugs like rimonabant. That’s got > people thinking that maybe paracetamol affects some part of the > endocannabinoid system. But it might also have serotonin effects too, and > other receptors and systems are occasionally postulated. > > *Or in fact, it might actually be a combination of all these things—or > something else entirely.**So for now, we can’t say how it works.* > > Edit: because this answer is getting a bit of traffic, it’s reasonable to > point out that the actual chemical is para-acetyl aminophenol. The rINN, > which is its official international name, is paracetamol. However, the > USAN, its US name, takes different syllables from the chemical name and > arrives at acetaminophen. Both names describe exactly the same drug. > > *My note- I found the QA interesting and added.* Normally doctors > prescribe paracetamol for fever and reducing body pain. It works. > > *Q12 Why are some Brahmins non vegetarian?* > > A12 Ahareen(অঋণ)cultural nationalist Jun 4 > > *There are mainly four types of Brahmins who eat meat:-* > > East Indian Brahmins(Maithli-Bengali-Assamese-Utkal) > > Pahari Brahmins(Nepali-Kumaoni-Garhwali) > > Kashmiri Pandits > > Fish eating Goud Saraswat Brahmins of Konkan > > But there are certain restrictions in their diet like Kashmiri pandits > only consume fish(rohu and trout) and mutton(dish:rogan josh).*They do > not consume chicken,eggs,onion or garlic.* > > Maithli brahmins, Goud Saraswats and some Assamese brahmins consume fish > mostly and might occasionally have chicken or mutton after any animal > sacrifice. > > Bengali Brahmins and most Assamese Brahmins consume all kinds of meat *except > beef and pork*. > > The main reasons for them to be non vegetarian are as follows:- > > *TANTRIC SHAKTISM IN UTTARAKHAND,NEPAL AND EASTERN INDIA* > > *Prior to the spread of tantricism some 1000–1200 years ago, most Brahmins > in this region were vegetarian.* > > But with the spread of Tantric Shakt parampara and also its revival in the > 19th century by saints like Byama Khyapa and Ramakrishna Paramhansa, > Brahmins adopted non vegetarian diet in Bengal. > > This is true for other parts of eastern India also. > > *In tantric parampara, there is not much restriction in consumption of > meat.* > > *Yet the Vaishnavism sect was also born in eastern India which made some > people vegetarian.* > > Chaitanya Mahaprabhu’s Gaudiya Vaishnavism promotes a strict vegetarian > diet. > > TANTRIC SHAIVISM IN KASHMIR > > Tantric Shaivism reached Kashmir at around 850 CE and spread to other > parts of India.This caused the Brahmins there to turn to non vegetarian > diet. > > *FISH EATING GOUD SARASWATS* > > There is a story behind them eating fish. Once there was a severe famine > in the Saraswati river basin.There was nothing to eat except fish. Thus > the community leaders there asked the brahmins to eat fish as an > alternative. > > After the Saraswati river dried up, most brahmins migrated to different > parts of the subcontinent. > > A group of them reached the Konkan region which was at the coast. *There > was an abundance of fish there so they continued with their fish > consumption.* > > *All the above QA are from Quora website on 09 -06- 2022. * > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 10-06-2022* > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Thatha_Patty" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/938428473.1413451.1654836271092%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/938428473.1413451.1654836271092%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoqf1EvWup%2BTz%2BUK%3DFE46VcOK81K_BC%3Dm8Y9Tje3Nk-UGA%40mail.gmail.com.
