CULTURAL QA 09-2022-11 BEING ACOMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 Does leaving windows and doors opendamage air conditioners when running? A1 Gopala Krishnan,Former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now I have read alltechnical and other answers. I humbly submit I am not very expert to explain in more technical manner. While only windowAC where available it had limitation of cooling area. So rooms had doorclosures and naturally windows were closed. If load was more the connectingsockets had burning and heating.On those days there were no circuit breakerscommonly in India. Now in India we getonly split AC andconnected via stabilizers and circuit breakers. If over current is drawn circuit breaker would trip. But what happenswith Air- conditioner is it cools air and hot air goes up. If in a room fit tothe capacity of the AC, opening a window partially, hot air can escape and ifany problem occur with the AC unit suffocation will not occur andpersons occupying can escape from room before intense suffocation. If an airconditioner is installed in a hall with internal stair case, even if the ACunit is for the capacity of the hall, hot air will go up in the stair casearea, opening area is more. If dining and kitchen are connected to hall without closure, still more opening area. What happens is the AC unit tryto cool more area, cool air spreads to those areas also, making compressor workingfor more time. Consumption of power will be more, but one will find coolair in the set area, less cooler area as going away from hall to dining orstair case. The air conditioner never trips, since it draws onlycurrent limited to compressor working. I have installed anAC of 2 ton in a hall with stairs to upstairs, open to dining room, andcorridor to bed rooms. I have not installed air curtains, but ordinary clothcurtain to corridor. The AC unit performs perfectly. I have observed somehow the current consumption isnot very much because in Chennai, India, summer is very hot and members occupyhall for 3–4 hours only with the AC switched ON Q2 Why do many land units have a longstrip of land with distinct culture at the southwest (Kerala in India, Chile inSouth America, California in the U.S., Portugal in Europe)? A2 Balaji Viswanathan, followsgovernment policies closely. Sep 3 When you have acountry with a long piece of land and a short width, there must be a specificgeographic feature that squishes them on both sides. Otherwise countries tendto expand more like a circle. In case of California, Kerala, Chile etc there are highmountains in their east and deep oceans on their west.It is unlikely for a country to have a mountain wall on both sides, but if theydid they are screwed. With a mountain wall on one side and ocean on the otherside, you get to have plenty of rainfall enabling moreagriculture, and the mountain wall also keeps most of the outsiders out.The ocean then lets them trade with the world without interference. Chile thusavoided getting absorbed into Argentina and Kerala could keep out most Tamilempires. Portugal has oceanin its west and some mountains on its east giving some protection from Spain,but these are not like Andes or western ghats & easily passable. Thus therewere frequent clashes until the modern era. The Pope and other European powershad to get involved to sort their issues. Thus, there was some autonomy, butthere was also more mixing. Q3 How much water is needed to cook 1kgof rice? A3 Lucia Garcia,Worked at Hospitals8h When cooking rice,the ratio of rice to water is very important, it is related to the appearance,aroma, stickiness, softness and taste of cooked rice. The OptimalRatio of Rice to Water is 1:1.2, that is, 1 kg of rice needs 1.2 kg of water. There is aparticularly easy way to measure the amount of water, by placing your indexfinger in the water, water no deeper than the first joint of the index finger. It is worthmentioning that rice contains about 1% phytic acid. Phytic acid is considered an"antinutrient" that affects the body's absorption of minerals such ascalcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper. At the same time, phytic acid has a strongchelating effect on protein, which will significantly reduce the absorptionrate of rice protein. Fortunately, rice also contains a phytase that breaksdown phytic acid. Phytase is very active at 40°C to60°C. At this temperature, phytase can break down most of the phytic acid inrice. Soak therice in hot water for about 20 to 30 minutes before cooking to break down mostof the phytic acid. Get the highestnutritional value from rice with a simple hot water soak! Q4 How does a railway motorman knowtheir route tracks in their journey when many tracks can be seen? A4 Rahul Shirbhate, Master of Design inProduct Design of Physical Goods, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati(IITG) (Graduated 2010)Updated 1y Many of us don’teven know, how railway work. That’s fine. But people asks how loco pilot knowswhich track he has to follow? I mean seriously! People have seen steering like structure in the cabinof locomotives and do believe that loco pilots do steer it to left of right tomove train from one track to another! But wait,this is not steering wheel. It’s power controller orsimply call it a throttle used in older locomotives. Rotatingit will increase/decrease the speed. Now a days, it is replaced by joysticktype controller. Then how thetrains diverted to one track to another? Here is the answer. Left side you seeis a Switch Motor operates by signal control cabin that changes direction andmovement of trains. Following is a simple animation how it operates and changesdirection of train. One simple rule for loco pilots do follow, FOLLOW SIGNALPROPERLY. Loco pilots getspre information about the change of track by junction route signal where two ormore tracks present at a junction. Signal system in railways do operate by railway signaloperating /control cabins. That cabin you may have seen besides track and atthe end of a station platform. What do such signalcontrol cabins do? Railway signal operating staff do monitor, operate signals& ease the railway traffic and movement of trains. They are thesignalling operators and they do have concern about the tracks, routediversion, signalling & ease of traffic movement.Loco pilot do know which direction train will go, by just seeing junction routesignal. Sometimes fault of cabin operator/miscommunication results indiversion of train to wrong routes. Following is an example, CR train gets wrongsignal at Wadala, changes tracks with Western line If loco pilot notice such mistake in time, he raise thealarm immediately and stop the train in time. If not then newscomes in headlines such as, Train heading to Maharashtra goes 160 km in wrongdirection, lands up in Madhya Pradesh Yes, Loco Pilotfrom his previous experiences have knowledge about the route, he gets idea fromjunction route signals which track or platform train will be heading to. Because loco pilots do work in givenzone of railways. So if train pass through two and more railwayzones then loco pilots changes whenever there is change of zone, just like wesee TC changes from station A to station B. So working in the same zone (Up& Down route) locopilots becomes familiar with rail routes, diversions, road crossings, signaland signage locations etc. He has to followsignage & signals properly (but not blindly) as guided by Signal operator. Many places where entire control ofsignalling system is not advanced and operated by manual method then there hasto take utter care in following of signals. Following a wrong signalmay leads to this, Human error may have caused train accident - Times of India If he findssomething wrong in the signal given in specified direction, or spots a trainahead on the same track in which go ahead signal given then he has to raise alarm andapply the emergency brakes, later he can communicate to nearest signal operatoror main control room for further clarification. To avoid such humanerror, now a days IR is implementing advanced train collisionavoidance systems in Indian railways and that will eliminate accidents due towrong signalling or human error in signal following. Sometimes due to accidents or natural calamities, trainroutes often gets diverted. In such situation,information of change of route of train passes to the operator & locopilots for ease of train movements as per planned. Q5 What will happen to Mumbai LocalsRailways, once all the Metro Rail projects will be completed? A5 Mihir Chaudhari, Lived in Mumbai,Maharashtra, India Thu I really wish that Local railways become obsolete &redundent once Metro rail project starts. Local trains nodoubt have brought far flung hinterlands closer to Mumbai but connectivity isnot the end of it. Since1960 till now only the size of platform and no. of coaches have increased.In order to cater to ever increasing usage of local trains. The number of lines should haveincreased accordingly but that has not happened thus affecting the services. Has there been anyattempt to have an east west connectivity ? Why don’t peopleever wonder and ask why we dont have direct train from Virar to VT or Kalyan /Vashi to Churchgate ?Why does the commuter have to change the train at Dadar orKurla ? There has neverbeen a choice to the travellers than to depend on whatever quality services thelocal trains provide. On time service, quality of travel, ease of ticketbooking, ease of access, etc have never been the criteria. Quality of travel is very important, people don’t want toreach their work place wasting all their energy getting a place in the train& standing all through the journey. Local train travel is equivalent to cattle herding. Andthis cattle herding is often portrayed as essence & lifeline of Mumbaibelittling the aspirations of Mumbai. Its really a pitythat commuter's life revolves around 9.13 & 6.47 train, if that’s missedthe day is spoilt. A pleasant travelto & fro leads to better productivity at work place as well as a goodfamily life. But forget it who will explain the importance of productivity& family life !! Mumbaikars have been ready to spend extra for somecomfort. There was always a scope to provide atleastsome decent quality connectivity but local railway have really failedMumbaikars in this dept. Travelling by local trains has never been achoice but compulsion ! Once the element of compulsion goes away, the realutility of local trains will be known. Q6 How long can a ceiling fan runbefore it needs to be turned off? A6 Gopala Krishnan,Former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now Consider asituation the windows are opened and home locked and persons left for an urgentfunction and able to return only after a week and forgot to switch OFF a fan. If the fan is new nothing is toworry is my thinking . If the fanis old, chances of motor heating and wire burning chances are there. There canbe fire risk. One of the members can return andswitch OFF fan and go back. Best thing is to inform electricity office, who immediatelydisconnect power supply and on return we can ask them to connect. The personscan have mental peace. Just imagine thecase where a bore- well motor was switched on and forgot to switch OFF. In my opinion best is to call EBpeople without getting panic. If you are not able torecollect EB number call a friend, who would do the needful. I recollect a firebroke-out case just because an old fan was not switched OFF in the evening inan office fire occurred in a Kerala government office in the night itselfrecently. Q7 Does tomato juice help to reducecholesterol? A7 Alexios Papaioannou, health andfitness blogger - http://gearuptofit.comMon Many people think that if you want to reduce yourcholesterol, you should avoid foods high in fat. But that's not a healthy wayto live. Your body needs some fat to function properlyand certain nutrients are found in foods such as tomato juice. So don't be afraid to enjoythis fruit (yes, tomato is a fruit) when trying to lower your cholesterollevel! Yes, it does helpto reduce cholesterol. Tomato juice is a good source of lycopene. Lycopene is anutrient shown to help prevent some types of cancer, heart disease, and stroke.You can get as much lycopene from tomato juice as you would by eating freshtomatoes. In one study on men who drank 8 oz (240 ml) per day forthree months, there was an increase in their HDL cholesterol and a decrease intheir LDL cholesterol levels after drinkingtomato soup compared with those who did not drink it. Tomato juice is agood source of lycopene. Lycopene is apowerful antioxidant that helps to prevent some types of cancer, stroke, andheart disease. It's found in tomatoes (both fresh and processed) as well astomato products like ketchup and tomato juice. If you're lookingto get more lycopene into your diet, adding tomato juice to your diet can beeffective. Tomato juice isrich in lycopene and other valuable nutrients such as vitamin C, potassium,folate, and fiber that help lower cholesterol levels in the bloodstream. Lycopene is anutrient shown to help prevent some types of cancer, heart disease, and stroke. It's also an antioxidant, which helps reducethe damage caused by free radicals. Tomatoes contain the highest amount oflycopene in fruit or vegetables, so drinking tomato juice daily can be an easyway to get your daily recommended intake. Tomato juice isalso high in vitamins A and C, which are both important for good health. Otherways to get more tomatoes into your diet include eating ketchup or salsa onyour salad, using tomato sauce when cooking pasta or adding tomatoes as atopping for pizza! You can get as much lycopene from tomato juice as you wouldby eating fresh tomatoes. But you should knowthat it's a bit of a process to get there. The average tomato contains about 3milligrams of lycopene per 1-cup serving (about half the size of a baseball).To reach the same amount in one glass of tomato juice, you'd need to drinkbetween three and four glasses, or roughly one liter—more than most peopletypically consume in one sitting. However: If you'relooking for an easy way to up your intake after learning that drinking tomatojuice is good for your heart health, blending whole tomatoes into smoothies orsoups could be effective. You might be unable to match that glass-a-day quotawith sauces and salsas alone! Studies have also found that tomato juice can lower yourheart disease and stroke risk by as much as 25 percent. According to astudy published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, people who dranktomato juice every day had a lower risk of heart disease and stroke than thosewho didn't drink it. The study tracked 3,000 people over 60 for 10 years andfound that those who drank two glasses of tomato juice every day were 25percent less likely to develop cardiovascular disease during that time. Tomato juice ispacked with nutrients that are great for your heart. Tomato juice isrich in vitamin C, potassium, and lycopene, which have all been linked to a reducedrisk of heart disease. Vitamin C helps to fight off free radicals that causedamage to your body’s cells. Free radical damageis thought to be one of the causes of heart disease. However, it's important tonote that this doesn't mean you can prevent heart disease by taking vitamins;some studies suggest that taking too many supplements might be harmful. Still,getting enough vitamin C from foods like tomato juice may protect againstoxidative damage and help keep your arteries clear It's also a good source of potassium, which helps lowerblood pressure. The good news isthat tomato juice, like many other fruits and vegetables, is a good source ofpotassium. Potassium is a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure by keepingit at healthy levels. Drinking tomato juice can help you reach the recommendeddaily intake of 3,500 milligrams of potassium per day because it has about 437milligrams per 8-ounce serving (though you may have to drink more than oneglass to reach this amount). Tomato juice is rich in vitamin C, an antioxidant thatfights off harmful free radicals in the body. One of the primarybenefits of tomato juice is its high Vitamin C content. Vitamin C is anantioxidant that fights off harmful free radicals in the body and can helpboost your immune system. In addition to these benefits, vitamin C has beenshown to reduce the severity of colds and flu—so if you're feeling under theweather, a glass of tomato juice may help you feel better faster. Vitamin C also helps with skin health by improving collagenproduction and reducing wrinkles; because thisvitamin directly impacts connective tissue throughout your body (includingjoints), getting enough vitamin C can even help prevent scurvy if you don't getenough from other sources like fruits or veggies! The benefits oftomato juice go way beyond their taste!Tomato juice is packed with nutrientsthat are great for your heart.The benefits of tomato juice go way beyond theirtaste! If you're still not convinced, here's a list of all the nutrients foundin tomato juice that make it a healthy choice for your diet: Lycopene: is an antioxidant and may help reduceheart disease risk. It’s also linked to lower rates of cancer and improvedvision. Vitamin C: plays an important role in buildingcollagen, which keeps blood vessels flexible and prevents them from hardening.It also helps maintain normal skin by reducing wrinkles and fighting off freeradicals that damage cells. Conclusion In conclusion,tomato juice is a great way to get the nutrients you need without eating manycalories. You can also drink it as an alternative to other sugary beverages,which tastes great! Q8 What are some perks given only tostation masters by Indian Railways? A8 Shishir Chandra, Former Dy. StationSuperintendent at Indian Railways (2017–2019)Fri Anxiety, depression and high blood pressure are some ofthe perks given to station master. Apart from thatsome ultra-advance perks are also there… 1-No Weekly holiday(although they give restcalculated in hours,but due to staff shortage,you won't get it) 2-NO Holi,no diwali,no eid for Station masters. 3- No stress allowance given to them while bearinga mental stress of third degree torture. 4-revolving shifts that will make you age faster andwill give you high blood pressure and diabetes for sure. 5- world class quarter facilities,even you won'tsurvive that ghost bunglow for 2 days..and you fill beforced to take the quarter. 6-roadside stations doesnt have even the basicfacilities like functional toilets and handpumps. Due to theseextraordinary perks and facilities ,half of the direct recruits resign from thejob within a year(including me). My expectationswere that SM is a managerial post(but alas…😂…it was a mistrigiri just likeAbdul chacha working in a factory in old bollywood films). You will work ondifferent machines(for taking line clear),there is no dimension of“master" in it.😂 We were recruitedthrough RRB NTPC 2015 …got joining in May 2018…got independent charge inoctober-december(depending on the station). Some left the jobwithin 2–3 months of joining(about 10–15%)…and remaining are leaving the jobaccording to their convenience and family situations. I don't think even half of them are still working.That's why you will see the maximum vacancies of SM in RRB NTPC 2019. Apart from that…Isaw that the lowest cutoff is of station master despite being 4200 grade payjob. Kindly visit SM power cabin before joining as an SM.(aspeople don't know about the work profile of Station Master) and later resign indepression. EDIT:— I just wantsto share something…when we started training in chandausi ZRTI…we used to mockthe profile of SM as “CHHOTI GANGA BOL K NAALE ME KUDAA DIYA"…as each andevery trainee was shocked about the work profile… we assumed something elsewhile filling the form.. My note- There are facts though exaggerations arethere. In India people should be ready to work hard and hard work will alwayshave the side effects. Not even 10% leave the job since hemay be the bread winner. Q9 What are the health benefits ofcoriander? A9 Sherri Jimenez, Works at TraderJoe's Mon Coriander is packed with iron. It is the aromatic herb.Being used as a taste enhancer coriander is also known for being filled withthe number of benefits for the overall health of the body. Some of the most healthiest benefits of coriander leavesare given below: Helps indigestion. Aid for menstrualdisorders. Treatment ofsmallpox. Prevent from conjunctivitis. Reduces skindisorders. Reduce the risk of bloodsugar. Use in the treatment of skininflammation. It help to controlhigh cholesterol levels. It is thebest treatment for diarrhea. Aid inmouth ulcers. Effective treatmentfor anemia. Q10 Why do most land animals have fourlegs? A10 Laura Ramos, Studied Biology atCalifornia Maritime Academy Sep 4 Four limbs are the minimum required number of limbs tomove steadily for primitive robots and the primitive vestibular apparatus ofthe animal brain. For staticstability, only three points of support are sufficient. But three limbs are not enoughto move steadily because when you lift one limb to rearrange it, the system isin an unstable position on two limbs and begins to collapse.Therefore, in addition to the three limbs, an additional fourth limb is neededso that when you rearrange one limb, the system does not collapse but remainsstable on the three limbs. All the above QA are from Quora website on 10-09- 2022. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled andposted by R. 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