1  with due respect to the marshmallow presented heer, had I written that
is has no correlation wrt the results because reasons 1,2m,3 people like N
and G would have remained uncompromised, in spite of the lack of thought
process; however , basically, what would have happened "IF 50% OF THE KIDS
SHARED THE CHOCOLATES , KEEPING BACK THE 50% TO BE SUBSTITUTED SO ALL CAN
EAT FULL?.  The experiment  does not relate to the quagmire attitudes of
the mind everyday. However it is not Rajaram who is telling otherwise , but
the world. Pl read below:
"



*NEUROPSYCH <https://bigthink.com/neuropsych/> — NOVEMBER 29, 2018*

*The original marshmallow test was flawed, researchers now say*

One of the most famous experiments in psychology might be completely wrong.

   - A team of psychologists have repeated the famous marshmallow
   experiment and found the original test to be flawed.
   - It joins the ranks of many psychology experiments that cannot be
   repeated, which presents a considerable problem for its findings.
   - The finding that children with similar demographics had similar
   success as teenagers no matter what they did as toddlers raises questions
   about how flexible self-control is as a trait and how much it actually
   helps us get ahead.

Almost everybody has heard of the Stanford marshmallow experiment
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment>. For those
of you who haven’t, the idea is simple; a child is placed in front of a
marshmallow and told they can have one now or two if they don’t eat the one
in front of them for fifteen minutes. Their ability to delay gratification
is recorded, and the child is checked in on as they grow up to see how they
turned out.

It is one of the most famous studies in modern psychology, and it is often
used to argue that self-control as a child is a predictor of success later
in life. However, an attempt to repeat the experiment suggests there were
hidden variables that throw the findings into doubt.

The new marshmallow experiment, published in *Psychological Science
<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797618761661>* in the
spring of 2018,repeated the original experiment with only a few variations.
More than 10 times as many children were tested, raising the number to over
900, and children of various races, income brackets, and ethnicity were
included. The maximum time the children would have to wait for the
marshmallow was cut in half.

This study discovered that the ability of the children to wait for the
second marshmallow had only a minor positive effect on their achievements
at age 15, at best being half as substantial as the original test found the
behavior to be. More interestingly, this effect was nearly obliterated when
the children’s backgrounds, home environment, and cognitive ability at age
four were accounted for. The behavior of the children 11 years after the
test was found to be unrelated to whether they could wait for a marshmallow
at age 4.

It was also found that most of the benefits to the children who could wait
the whole seven minutes for the marshmallow were shared by the kids who ate
the marshmallow seconds upon receiving it. This, in the researchers
eyes, casted
further doubt on the value of the “self-control” shown by the kids who did
wait.

Lead author Tyler W. Watts of New York University
<https://tylerwatts.org/> explained
the results by saying
<https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/jun/01/famed-impulse-control-marshmallow-test-fails-in-new-research>,
“Our results show that once background characteristics of the child and
their environment are taken into account, differences in the ability to
delay gratification do not necessarily translate into meaningful
differences later in life.” They also added “We found virtually no
correlation between performance on the marshmallow test and a host of
adolescent behavioral outcomes. I thought that this was the most surprising
finding of the paper.”

While the test doesn’t prove that the virtue of self-control isn’t useful
in life, it is a nice trait to have
<https://bigthink.com/personal-growth/how-to-improve-self-control>; it does
show that there is more at play than researchers previously thought.

Bottom of Form

The key finding of the study is that the ability of the children to
delay gratification
didn’t put them at an advantage
<https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/06/marshmallow-test/561779/>
over
their peers from with similar backgrounds. Students whose mothers had
college degrees were all doing similarly well 11 years after they decided
whether to eat the first marshmallow. The same was true for children whose
mothers lacked a college education.

This opens the doors to other explanations for why children who turn out
worse later might not wait for that second marshmallow.

Many thinkers, such as, Sendhil Mullainathan
<https://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/directory/m/sendhil-mullainathan>
and Eldar
Shafir,  <http://wws.princeton.edu/faculty-research/faculty/shafir>are now
turning to the idea that the effects of living in poverty can lead to the
tendency to set short-term goals, which would help explain why a child
might not wait for the second marshmallow. If true, then this tendency may
give way to lots of problems
<https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17286670-scarcity> for at-risk
children. After all, if your life experiences tell you that you have no
assurances that there will be another marshmallow tomorrow, why wouldn’t
you eat the one in front of you right now?

They often point to another variation
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027712001849> of
the experiment which explored how kids reacted when an adult lied to them
about the availability of an item. When a child was told they could have a
second marshmallow by an adult who had just lied to them, all but one of
them ate the first one
<https://bigthink.com/Mind-Matters/lack-of-willpower-nope-just-a-realistic-view-of-the-world>.
In the cases where the adult had come through for them before, most of the
kids were able to wait for the second marshmallow.

Were the kids who ate the first marshmallow in the first study bad at
self-control or just acting rationally given their life experiences? The
same question might be asked for the kids in the newer study.

Another interpretation is that the test subjects saw comparative
improvements or declines in their ability for self-control in the decade
after the experiment until everybody in a given demographic had a similar
amount of it. If this is true, it opens up new questions on how to
positively influence young people’s ability to delay gratification and how
severely our home lives can affect how we turn out.

The refutation of the findings of the original study is part of a more
significant problem in experimental psychology where the results of old
experiments can’t be replicated
<https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/03/psychologys-replication-crisis-cant-be-wished-away/472272/>.
Some tests had a poor methodology, like the Stanford prison experiment
<https://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/why-everything-you-know-about-the-stanford-prison-experiment-might-be-wrong>,
some didn’t factor for all of their variables, and others relied on
atypical test subjects and were shocked to find their findings didn’t apply
to the population at large, like the marshmallow test.

That last issue is so prevalent that the favored guinea pigs of psychology
departments, Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic students,
have gained the acronym WEIRD
<https://slate.com/technology/2013/05/weird-psychology-social-science-researchers-rely-too-much-on-western-college-students.html>.
This is a bigger problem than you might think because lots of ideas in
psychology are based around the findings of studies which might not be
generalizable. The original marshmallow test has been quoted endlessly and
used in arguments for the value of character in determining life outcomes
despite only having students at a pre-school on Stanford’s campus involved,
hardly a typical group of kids.

The Stanford marshmallow test is a famous, flawed, experiment. While it
remains true that self-control is a good thing, the amount you have at age
four is largely irrelevant to how you turn out. So, relax if your
kindergartener is a bit impulsive. They still have plenty of time to learn
self-control.     KR IRS  13922   Mr G read in depth before forming any
opinion and never prostrate or fall prey to deceptions.   Marsh mallow was
a fact but conclusions drawn were unethical. Rather it can be deduced as
after 25 years all were found to have become politicians of the earth,
especially in India.

On Mon, 12 Sept 2022 at 17:44, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:

> Respected sir,
> Thank you for publishing the experiment and result
> Gopalakrishnan
>
>
> On Monday, 12 September, 2022 at 04:17:25 pm IST, sundar iyer <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> The Marshmallow Experiment. Have you heard of this. We know Marshmallow is
> a chocolate but what is the experiment? Here is that.
>
> The experiment began by bringing each child into a private room, sitting
> them down in a chair, and placing a marshmallow on the table in front of
> them.  At this point, the researcher offered a deal to the child.
>
> The researcher told the child that he was going to leave the room and that
> if the child did not eat the marshmallow while he was away, then they would
> be rewarded with a second marshmallow. However, if the child decided to eat
> the first one before the researcher came back, then they would not get a
> second marshmallow.
>
>
> *So the choice was simple: one treat right now or two treats later.*
> The researcher left the room for 15 minutes.
>
> As you can imagine, the footage of the children waiting alone in the room
> was rather entertaining. Some kids jumped up and ate the first marshmallow
> as soon as the researcher closed the door. Others wiggled and bounced and
> scooted in their chairs as they tried to restrain themselves, but
> eventually gave in to temptation a few minutes later. And finally, *a few
> of the children did manage to wait the entire time.*
>
> Published in 1972, this popular study became known as The Marshmallow
> Experiment, but it wasn't the treat that made it famous. *The interesting
> part came years later.*
>
> The Power of Delayed Gratification
> As the years rolled on and the children grew up, the researchers conducted
> follow up studies and tracked each child's progress in a number of areas.
> What they found was surprising.
> The children who were willing to delay gratification and waited to receive
> the second marshmallow ended up having higher SAT scores, lower levels of
> substance abuse, lower likelihood of obesity, better responses to stress,
> better social skills as reported by their parents, and generally better
> scores in a range of other life measures. (You can see the followup studies
> here, here, and here.)
>
> The researchers followed each child for more than 40 years and over and
> over again, the group *who waited patiently for the second marshmallow
> succeed in whatever capacity they were measuring. In other words, this
> series of experiments proved that the ability to delay gratification was
> critical for success in life.*
>
> And if you look around, you’ll see this playing out everywhere…
>
> If you delay the gratification of watching television and get your
> homework done now, then you’ll learn more and get better grades.
> If you delay the gratification of buying desserts and chips at the store,
> then you’ll eat healthier when you get home.
> If you delay the gratification of finishing your workout early and put in
> a few more reps, then you’ll be stronger.
> … and countless other examples.
>
> [image: width=]
> <https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail>
> Virus-free.www.avast.com
> <https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail>
> <#m_-2774651710034624280_DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "iyer123" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
> email to [email protected].
> To view this discussion on the web visit
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CAOSmbcbZXs7SQ7YJPrcAi6UZmzrLeocjNG92gvoLwa6nOPNQjA%40mail.gmail.com
> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/CAOSmbcbZXs7SQ7YJPrcAi6UZmzrLeocjNG92gvoLwa6nOPNQjA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>
> .
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "iyer123" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
> email to [email protected].
> To view this discussion on the web visit
> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1824825204.1807791.1662984865453%40mail.yahoo.com
> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1824825204.1807791.1662984865453%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>
> .
>

-- 
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups 
"Thatha_Patty" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email 
to [email protected].
To view this discussion on the web visit 
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZooT-xo2DeUa%2Bvn%3DedTZxhPcEERNOpHsQF1HrttA0JLKeA%40mail.gmail.com.

Reply via email to