Q6 The Jordanian concept: "But speech is the really important one.
Other animals have languages but so far as we know none of their languages
are more sophisticated than that of a human toddler (except that crows have
a remarkable ability to describe human faces to each other, which we
haven’t deciphered yet). *Complex speech enables us to construct elaborate
stories which are used as teaching aids (we know that bonobos, for* example,
can gossip but they can’t compose sagas so far as we now), and it lets us
outsource our intelligence and build on the discoveries of those who came
before us, without having to literally re-invent the wheel in every
generation.
Thank God when we say something like this, Jordanian though those
are myths; But Bonobos is science?; animals languages are that of toddlers,
which science said it?; May be Q & A reproductions of the master minds is
also some Bonobos?. I also said the same thing.
When a North Kerala speaks Malayalam, south is stumped; so too when
Tirunelveli and Coimbatore tamil and Madras Tamilian. So it is our
ignorance that we cannot know; not the defect of the language; so too
speeches of the other creatures. Also out scriptures and Puranas speak of
knowing birds' and the animal languages; Vikramaditya decoded all of them;
but we out of ignorance, without reading any of them, follow the great
wisdom of the Jordanians.
Every specie can express and all specie developed their
languages. Ancient
birds and animals
All the birds of water and land spoke in Ramayanam; and chakora spoke about
the greenery of the land of Rama. In the *Ramayana
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ramayana#purana>* there are
descriptions regarding many kinds of birds. These include birds of the air,
water and earth. The following are some of the important birds included in
the *Ramayana*.
In the *Ramayana*, Valmiki
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/valmiki#purana> describes the flora
and fauna in great details. The descriptions in the *Ramayana* reflect the
supremacy of nature. Valmiki describes the fauna as extensively as he does
the plants in his epic <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/epic#hinduism>.
In the *Ramayana*, Citrakuta
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/citrakuta#purana> has been described
as Mahavana <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahavana#ayurveda>.
Valmiki has given detailed information about this Mahavana[1]
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/animal-kingdom-tiryak-in-epics/d/doc825690.html#note-e-173980>.Valmiki
noticed and has made pointed references to both carnivores and herbivores.
Elephants, different types of deer, bears, monkeys, tigers and cheetahs get
special mention. Deer was the most common animal in Citrakuta and it is
given detailed treatment.
Among the birds found there, we see species of peacocks, cuckoos andsmall
cranes. Various aquatic birds like Rathanga (Ruddy Shelduk), Karandhava
(Coot), Kraunca <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kraunca#purana> (Pond
heron), lava <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/lava#purana> (heron),
Hamsa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/hamsa#purana> (Swan) and
Natyuha (Gallinule) are described. The presence of the common species of
birds like cuckoo and Cakora
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/cakora#purana> provide a melodious
background to the landscape, and thus adds to its natural beauty.
Among the animals that find mention in the Citrakuta forest are Golangula
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/golangula#purana> (Cow-tailed
monkey), Mahisha <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mahisha#purana>,
Prisatta (Spotted deer) and Riksha
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/riksha#purana> (bear). Then there are
birds like Karandhava (Coot), Koyashthi (Green-Billed Coucal), Kraunca
(pond heron) and Natyula (Gallinule). He has also mentioned singing birds
such as kokila <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kokila#purana>, mayura
<https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mayura#purana> and a migratory bird
called sarasa <https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sarasa#purana>. Thus
Valmiki has given a good picture of the aquatic as well as land birds.
Men who spoke to animals: Asvapati, Seraman Perumal Nayanar,Vikramaditya,
Pulipani, Appar, Swami Vivekanada, Tamil Siddhas, Ramana Maharishi, in
recent times. Ramayana gives a story about Asvapati who knows animal
language. Asvapati was the father of Kaikeyi. Asvapati banished his wife to
forest because she insisted that Asvapati should reveal what two birds
spoke about. Asvapati said to her that he should not reveal what he
overheard. He told her that his head would blow into hundreds of pieces if
he reveals to her the bird’s talk. This happened while they were strolling
the palace gardens. After Asvapati listened to two swans, he laughed
loudly. Kaikeyi’s mother (queen) insisted that he should reveal what he
heard, but he refused and banished her to forest.
The word “vanara” etymologically means “va” (or) and “nara” (human). That
means when people see them, they appear so similar to humans that people
have a question in mind – is this a monkey or a human. In the Srimad
Bhagavatam, we see that Gajendra, although an elephant, but offers great
prayers.
CHANDOGYA UPANISHAD iv 4 TO 9 : I am Satyakama Jabala” (V.4.4). The
teacher said: “No one who is not a Brahmana can speak thus. Dear boy, bring
the sacrificial fuel; I shall initiate you as a brahmacarin, for you have
not deviated from truth (IV.4.5).” He duly initiated Satyakama for Vedic
and Vedantic learning.
The guru, however, did not give the new disciple any instructions. On the
contrary, he selected four hundred lean, weak and frail cows, and asked
Satyakama to tend them in the forest. The boy willingly obliged and drove
the cows to the forest. He vowed that he will not return to teacher’s house
till the cows become one thousand. He lived in the forest with the cows for
a long time. Then one day the chief bull addressed the boy: “Satyakama!’
“Yes, revered Sir”, thus he responded. ‘Dear boy, we have reached a
thousand; take us to the house of the teacher” (IV.5.1).
The bull then said: “Let me instruct you about one foot of Brahman also
(IV.5.1).” The bull said that there are four quarters for Brahman. The
first quarter (foot) consists of the four quarters of the Universe. One who
meditates on this first quarter, that is, on the four quarters of the
Universe, will win the radiant regions in the next world. In the evening,
after penning the cows, he kindled the fire. Then the fire volunteered to
instruct Satyakama about the second foot of Brahman, which has also four
parts, namely, the earth, the sky, the heaven and the ocean. One who
meditates on this quarter with four parts will win the endless and
undecaying regions. Satyakama continued his journey with the cows to the
guru’s home. On the way the swan flew to him, and said that he will
instruct him about the next foot (quarter) of Brahman. The third foot
consists also of four parts, namely, fire, sun, moon and the lightening.
One who meditates on this quarter obtains effulgent regions. The fourth
foot of Brahman was explained by the Madgu bird (a kind of diver-bird),
which, again has four parts, namely, prana, eye, ear and mind. The result
of this meditations is the attainment of extensive regions in the next
world.
All these things happened on the way to the teacher’s house as he was
driving the thousand cows. Finally he reached the house of the teacher.
“The teacher addressed him, “Satyakama!” “Yes, revered Sir”, he responded.
“Dear boy, you shine like a knower of Brahman; who is it that has
instructed you?” Satyakama assured him, “Beings other than men. But I wish,
revered Sir, that you would teach it to me (IV.9.1-2).” The teacher then
taught him the same doctrines, which were already imparted to him by the
bull, the fire, the swan and the Madgu bird.
So let the learning start from here . For information, many
universities of USA had conformed that birds and animals can converse. That
is late learning while calling ours as myth. As Jordon is proud of Rome,
lets be Proud of us. KR IRS 16922
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
On Fri, 16 Sept 2022 at 11:21, Rajaram Krishnamurthy <[email protected]>
wrote:
> Q1 Current consumed
>
> Work and energy are basically the same, with identical units. Power is
> different. It is the time rate of doing work. Power = work / time. Work =
> power × time.
>
> I= V/R where I= current; V = volt supplied; and R= the resistance induced
> by the tool, in the fan the regulator. 100 watts fan with the @ 200 ohms
> set regulator, consumes 72-Watt power. The same 100 watts fan with lower
> speed of resistance altered to 400 ohms, resulted in 57 watts power. 100
> watts if worked for an hour consumes, 0.1 unit of electricity it consumes.
> 72 watts will consume, 0.1*72/100 units while it is 0.1*57/100 units; and
> in one hour it might be negligible to us; but after 10 hours it is 0.72
> units and 0.57 units with a variation of 0.15 units when multiplied by 60
> days , taking it works only for 10 hours per day, it is 9 units which is
> free to 90 rupees today by TNEB.
>
> Einstein theory also proves the same; E the energy varies with reference
> to the M the mass of the fan, with the square of the acceleration of the
> fan
>
> But the mamedhai and the Singapore companion may call me a cockroach for
> all these (courtesy Hey Gopala ) KR IRS 16922
>
> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>
> Q2 *The Best Train Trips in the World: 2021 Readers' Choice Awards*
>
>
> - El Transcantábrico Gran Lujo, Spain. ...
> - The Pride of Africa Rovos Rail, Africa. ...
> - Palace on Wheels, India. ...
> - Belmond Eastern & Oriental Express, Asia. ...
> - Belmond British Pullman, Europe. ...
> - The Ghan, Australia. ...
> - Rocky Mountaineer, North America. ...
> - Seven Stars in Kyushu, Japan.
>
>
>
> In the Global 2019 survey authenticated, The best railway was Japan and
> Hongkong ranking 1 and 2 with 6.8 & 6.5 whereas, USA was the 12tjhwith 5.5
> and Germany and Russia scored 4.8. Singapore has just 5.8 so-called
> regulated nations. The survey included all that is described in that Q &A.
> The best train on earth has the 3rd ranked India as seen above.Nandrum
> theethum pirar thara vaara. Similarly among the advanced nations I had seen
> the worst flights of 4 hrs durations also. KR 16922
>
> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>
> Q3 Hasty generalisation of Mr G Pondicherry has > 25
> restaurants for both categories while ananda bhavan is the recent whereas
> Sad guru and sat sangam are the old ones with good veg food. Pushkar,
> Koidaikanal and Darjeeling are budgetary? If so, every tourist spot has
> such grumpy accommodations and the roadside restaurants are so cheap.
> Travel is an art. Westerners come with a backpack distanced by 10000 miles,
> stay somewhere , eat something and wander lust they become. If we need
> tourism ourselves, we have to forgo a lot. I remember driving with my
> family in the pouring rain with just a dhoti and angavastram driving all
> the way around so many temples of Kumbakonam, leaving at 5 30 AM and back
> at 1 PM and leaving at 3 30 PM and back at 9 30 PM. We went to 62 temples
> and had the best dharsan, especially the first 3 days since crows were
> blank due to heavy rains. Whereas the big bus was waiting after seeing the
> water flow across the Bridge near Govindapuram, I as usual drove across
> Keeping my Perumal in front and behold the traffic followed me. Travel is
> an art and not run on budget. KR IRS 16922
>
> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>
> Q5 Whereas the proud Utah university man blew his conch we copied it
> back without any pride of did we have any such?. Do not say I am talking
> about concrete. He spoke about high on Romans and in the last 4 lines drew
> some semblances of the truth; I say always that they come here wear dhoti,
> eat dosa and after a few days, in their whole life time never even go to
> any Indian architectures at all (exemptions do not make arule); whereas we
> do follow all their habits till last ; they wear slim dress but don't
> expose; we are far away from that toda and call it as freedom; Now lets see
> who we are:
>
> From the time of the Mahajanapadas (600 BCE–320 BCE), walled and moated
> cities with large gates and multi-storied buildings which consistently used
> arched windows and doors and made intense use of wooden architecture, are
> important features of the architecture during this period. Indian
> architecture depict walled and moated cities with massive gates,
> elaborate multi-storied residences, pavilions with a variety of domes,
> together with the simple, thatched-roofed huts that remained the basis of
> most Indian architectural forms. Grandeur of construction, beautiful
> sculptures, delicate carvings, high domes, gopuras and extensive
> courtyards were the features of temple architecture India did.
>
> The Romans were very good at stealing ideas from other cultures,
> particularly if those ideas benefited the Romans and could be adapted to
> suit their needs.
>
> In ancient Persia, they developed a system of straight roads, some of them
> hundreds of miles long. Roman roads were later constructed using similar,
> but often adapted methods, including the use of cobblestones and dressed
> stones and the use of a camber and drainage system.
>
> Other features of the Persian empire that appear again in Roman times
> include canals and aqueducts.
>
> Other features of Persian architecture included Iwan’s - pillared chambers
> which opened out on one side to an open space. Gardens and water features,
> including pools. Persian architecture was known for the symmetry of its
> buildings and the use of domes and vaulted ceilings.
>
> Roman houses and other buildings also made use of some of these features
> and examples of each can be found among the many different structures that
> were built during the Roman period.
>
> The Persians were also keen on the use of mosaics and they included much
> decoration in their architecture, including frescoes.
>
> While many features of Persian architecture are present in Roman buildings
> it may be difficult to say whether the influence was directly Persian as
> examples of Greek and other styles of architecture are also present. It
> would be fairer to say that Persian architecture had an influence on many
> different cultures and their buildings and that the Romans were another
> stage in the progression of architecture in general.
>
> Gandhara art represents the art that developed and spread in the north
> western part of India from the 1st Century B.C. to the 4th Century A.D. The
> major centers of art activity of this school were in the kingdoms in this
> region such as Bacteria, Kapisha, Swat and Gandhara
>
> Gandharan style was an amalgam of Hellenistic- Roman, Iranian and
> indigenous art. A number of compositional traits were adapted from Roman
> mortuary art
> This interaction of artistic components was largely due to the
> geographical position of the region which was at the cross roads of
> cultural exchange. The area saw the advent of a number of foreign powers
> and political configurations ranging from the Greek, Bactrian to Kushana.
>
> Most of the sculptures from this period are Buddhist and had great
> influence from Romans . Example- Standing Buddha images are most
> characteristic feature of the style. These figures have a uniformity of
> pose, costume, lakshana and other characteristics. The Buddha is usually
> depicted standing frontally with one leg bent. He is shown wearing a heavy
> robe that covers both shoulders, his left hand hangs down but the right
> hand is raised in abhaya or varada mudra. There is an ushnisha or a top
> knot on the head. He is not adorned with any other jewelry, though his
> elongated earlobes suggest that as a prince he did wear heavy ornaments.
>
> There are many ancient architectural marvels in India and you can find
> them in almost every corner of the country but personally I am amazed by
> the Kailasha temple at Ellora caves in Maharashtra.
>
> The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and carved out of a single stone.
>
> Imagine UNESCO has listed 830 World Heritage Sites, out of which 26 are in
> India. This is less than six other countries. Is this not a tangible proof
> of the creative genius and industry of this ancient land, people, and also
> of the gifts bestowed on it by nature. Be it the Bhimbetka’s prehistoric
> rock art at one end or the innumerable palaces, mosques, temples,
> gurudwaras, churches or tombs and sprawling cities and solemn stupas.
>
> The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro and several other sites of the
> Indus Valley Civilisation revealed the existence of a very modern urban
> civilisation with expert town planning and engineering skills. The very
> advanced drainage system along with well planned roads and houses show that
> a sophisticated and highly evolved culture existed in India before the
> coming of the Aryans. The sites of the Indus Valley Civilization were
> excavated under the Archaeological Survey of India established by the
> British.
>
> The Harappan people had constructed mainly three types of
> buildings-dwelling houses, pillared halls and public baths. Main features
> of Harappan remains are:
>
> 1. The settlements could be traced as far back as the third millennium
> BC.
>
> 2, Some important settlements were excavated on the banks of the river
> Indus particularly at the bends that provided water, easy means of
> transportation of produce and other goods and also some protection by way
> of natural barriers of the river .
>
> 3. All the sites consisted of walled cities which provided security to
> the people.
>
> 4. The cities had a rectangular grid pattern of layout with roads that
> cut each other at right angles.
>
> 5. The Indus Valley people used standardised burnt mud-bricks as
> building material.
>
> 6. There is evidence of building of big dimensions which perhaps were
> public buildings, administrative or business centres, pillared halls and
> courtyards, There is no evidence of temples.
>
> 7. Public buildings include granaries which were used to store grains
> which give an idea of an organised collection and distribution system.
>
> 8. Along with large public buildings, there is evidence of small one
> roomed constructions that appear to be working peoples quarters.
>
> 9. The Harappan people were great engineers as is evident from the
> public bath that was discovered at Mohenjodaro. The ‘Great Bath’ as it is
> called, is still functional and there is no leakage or cracks in the
> construction. The existence of what appears to be a public bathing place
> shows the importance of ritualistic bathing and cleanliness in this
> culture. It is significant that most of the houses had private wells and
> bathrooms.
>
> 10. At some sites a dominant citadel was excavated in the western part
> containing the public buildings including the granaries. This can perhaps
> be treated as evidence of some kind of political authority ruling over the
> cities.
>
> 11. There is evidence also of fortifications with gateways enclosing the
> walled cities which shows that there may have been a fear of being attacked.
>
> In the Mauryan period (322-182 BC) especially under Ashoka architecture
> saw a great advancement. Mauryan art and architecture depicted the
> influence of Persians and Greeks. During the reign of Ashoka many
> monolithic stone pillars were erected on which teachings of ‘Dhamma’ were
> inscribed. The highly polished pillars with animal figures adorning the top
> (capitals) are unique and remarkable. The lion capital of the Sarnath
> pillar has been accepted as the emblem of the Indian Republic. Each pillar
> weighs about 50 tonnes and is about 50 ft high. The stupas of Sanchi and
> Sarnath are symbols of the achievement of Mauryan architecture. The
> gateways of the Sanchi Stupa with the beautiful sculpture depicting scenes
> from Jataka stories are specimens of the skill and aesthetic sense of the
> artisans.
>
> The blending of Greek and Indian art led to the development of Gandhara
> art which developed later. The other schools of art and architecture were
> the indigenous Mathura school and Amaravati school. A large number of
> statues of the Buddha were built by the artisans of these schools specially
> after the first century AD under the influence of the Kushanas. Under the
> Gandhara school of art life-like statues of Buddha and Bodhisattvas were
> made in the likeness of Greek gods even though the ideas, inspirations and
> subjects were all Indian. Rich ornaments, costumes and drapery were used to
> impart physical beauty. The sculptures were in stone, terracotta, cement
> like material and clay.
>
> The figures of the Mathura school were made of spotted red stone. They had
> more of a spiritual look in them. Here along with Buddha we find sculptures
> of Jaina deities also. The Amaravati school developed under the patronage
> of the Satavahanas of the Andhra region. A great stupa was built at
> Amaravati in the Lower Godavari region.
>
> The walls of the stupa are adorned with bas relief, carved medallions and
> decorative panels. Nagarjunakonda is another place that is famous for
> Buddhist architecture.
>
> The Gupta period marks the beginning of the construction of free-standing
> Hindu temples. An example of this is the temple at Deogarh (Jhansi
> district) which had a central shrine or garbhagriha where the image of the
> deity was placed. Another temple at Bhitargaon (Kanpur district) are two
> fine examples of this period.
>
> Enough about the strong architecture of India 4500 years back? The
> Brihadeshwara temple was built where there are no rocks and we talk about
> unavailability in Roman data? What did we use better than the concrete?.
> And we have simply aligned the rocks without pasting , seen strong in spite
> of the wind. I am proud of my Mayan architecture of Ramayanam than the
> Roman. KR IRS 16922
>
> On Fri, 16 Sept 2022 at 05:09, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>> *CULTURAL QA 09-2022-16*
>>
>> *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS*
>>
>> Q1 How does changing the fan speed on a ceiling fan affect
>> the amount of electricity used?
>>
>> A1 Gopala Krishnan,Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004
>> at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now
>>
>> While increasing or decreasing speed of a fan, the resistance is
>> increased or decreased in a rheostat.
>>
>> We know I =V / R . When speed is very low, R is more, voltage is
>> constant, so I will be low. When speed is increased R is reduced and I is
>> more. *But this increase in R is not much, hence increase of I is
>> marginal.*
>>
>> Q2 Is Indian railways changing for better?
>>
>> A2 Saurabh Kumar, Lives in Patna, Bihar, India
>> (2020–present)1h
>>
>> *Yes, They are.*
>>
>> In 2020 me along with my family were travelling from Ahmedabad to Patna
>> by Azimabad Express (12947).
>>
>> As soon as the train left the station, a wash basin outside bathroom
>> started leaking and water was coming into the coach.Water coming something
>> like this:
>>
>> We called 139 to register a complaint.
>>
>> And to my surprise, within 5–10 minutes,2 guys probably from the cleaning
>> staff came into coach asking about complaint. *We told them the problem
>> and they apologized for it*. They fixed the problem and then asked us to
>> rate the service and marked complaint as resolved. We were very happy to
>> see such a service from railways :D
>>
>> *My note- Because all these works are carried out in contract. Consider
>> the condition of coaches like in double* decker or Satabdi. Push back
>> may not be working, meals tray closing is missing and toilet is not in good
>> condition including the lock. Side glasses are partially cracked and not
>> replaced…
>>
>> Q3 What are the really dirt-cheap travel destinations for
>> Indians?
>>
>> A3 Rudra Chauhan, Sep 2
>>
>> I wouldn’t talk about dirt-cheap travel destinations for Indians but the
>> places that I am going to talk about are *indeed very budget-friendly,
>> and it won’t break your bank. *The list goes like:
>>
>> *Pondicherry: This place comes at first in my mind when we* used to talk
>> about travel destinations. I love this place because of beaches, and I
>> adore those ancient French colonies. It is reachable by air, train, and
>> road. The best time to visit is in the month of October to March. The
>> average cost would be somewhere between Rs.500–Rs.1000 per day.
>>
>> *My note- Except the Adyar anandabhavan, no good* vegetarian restaurant
>> is not there. It is always crowded and quality too is just OK
>>
>> *Pushkar: Do you want to get a religious vibe? Explore this* place has a
>> quite popular Jagatpita Brahma Temple that is dedicated to Lord Brahma. The
>> average cost of food and stay would be around Rs.1000–1500 per day.
>>
>> *Kodaikanal: This place has all my heart. This place is full of* scenic
>> views, and it is popularly known as Princess of Hill Stations. This place
>> is not as crowded as Ooty. The average cost of food and stay would be
>> around Rs.1000–1500 per day.
>>
>> *Darjeeling: How about waking up to the sunrise of Tiger* Hills and
>> sipping a hot cup of special Darjeeling tea. The best time to visit is in
>> the month of April to June, and October to January. The average expense
>> comes to be around Rs.1000–1500 per day.
>>
>> These are some budget-friendly travel destinations that you can explore
>> and I bet you won’t regret your decision.
>>
>> Q4 How often should we service our air conditioner, and what
>> does servicing involve?
>>
>> A4 Graham L, BA in Computer Science & Mathematics, The Open
>> University (Graduated 1990)Tue
>>
>> *Most recommendations say twice per year, once in the springtime and once
>> in the Fall.*
>>
>> From my experience it is usual to do the following services (at least in
>> my area):
>>
>> Check refrigerant (often called Freon) for leaks and correct pressure.
>>
>> Ensure the outdoor compressor is starting, running, and stopping
>> effectively and is free of debris and obstructions to good levels of
>> airflow through it. Check for presence of mold.
>>
>> If you have a heat pump, will check the reverser valve is operating
>> properly and the heat can be felt in the room vents.
>>
>> Check/change air filter in the furnace and the presence of mold on the
>> chiller pipes. Remediate as needed.
>>
>> Check operation of ventilator system (if fitted).
>>
>> Clean and washout the condensate pipe and check where it drains to is
>> secure.
>>
>> Provide advice on non-maintenance items that may be showing signs of wear
>> and advice on health and safety for the AC systems when appropriate.
>>
>> Those checks will increase the likelihood of a safe environment for your
>> family that will work throughout the cold winters and hot summers.
>>
>> *My note- Most service engineers advice to run the AC whether required or
>> not for half an hour in a fortnight so* that problem can be set right.
>> With split AC, even after providing net over the unit from some where
>> sparrows, squrriels get in and lay eggs and infants grow, obstruct the
>> external fan working with their nest etc. Some times cats deliver near the
>> external units creating foul smells of meat taken and given to kittens.
>>
>> Q5 Why was the concrete made by the Romans more than 2,000
>> years ago stronger than the one used today?
>>
>> A5 Bob deWitt, Art History Professor, Utah Valley University
>> Aug 8
>>
>> *Roman’s were lucky. Roman concrete is amazingly strong because of its
>> chemistry. Modern-day concrete is typically* made of ‘Portland cement’
>> that is then mixed with water and aggregate (like gravel). *Portland
>> cement-based concrete does deteriorate over time. A common attempt to make
>> it stronger is to embed steel reinforcing rods in it.* This does
>> increase its ‘tensile’ strength considerably—far beyond anything that Roman
>> concrete could do. For instance, *Roman concrete could never be used for
>> a freeway overpass span like is commonly used today*. *However, steel
>> reinforcement has one major drawback: steel rusts*. *This not only
>> weakens the material but it also expands causing cracks and other
>> weaknesses in the concrete.*
>>
>> *So, one of the reasons that Roman concrete structures have lasted for
>> millennia is that the Romans only used it in so-called ‘compression’ mode*,
>> never in tensile mode (in other words for structures like columns, arches,
>> and domes—never for horizontal elements like beams). *Because concrete
>> is only used in compression, the more weight it carries, the stronger it
>> becomes.*
>>
>> Perhaps the most important reason Roman concrete is so strong, though, is
>> that *it is made with ‘pozzolana’ ash instead of Portland cement.
>> Pozzolana ash is volcanic ash and the Romans were incredibly lucky in that
>> pozzolana-based concrete actually grows stronger with age*, especially
>> if it has been mixed with sea water. This has been recently been shown
>> through studies made at the University of Utah. Surprisingly, mixing
>> pozzolana ash with sea water creates something called aluminous
>> tobermorite, a rare silica-based mineral that's actually very hard to make
>> in the lab, but is abundant in the ancient Roman concrete and causes the
>> concrete to grow more rock-like with age. *This not only makes ordinary
>> concrete structures stronger, but it works like a miracle with underwater
>> structures like harbor foundations.*
>>
>> The pozzolana not only hardens underwater, but the sea water makes the
>> concrete harder because the aluminous tobermorite actually grows in the
>> concrete thanks to the sea water sloshing around it, slowly dissolving the
>> volcanic ash within and giving it space to develop a reinforced structure
>> from these interlocking crystals of aluminous tobermorite. *As a result,
>> according to the researchers: "The Romans created a rock-like concrete” by
>> using pozzolana.*
>>
>> *Of course, that still begs the question of why are Roman structures such
>> as the Basilica of Constantine in Trier, Germany still standing when there
>> wasn’t any sea water around to use?*
>>
>> *There are other reasons for that, such as the technique they used for
>> such structures, called opus testaceum, as seen in the graphic below:*
>>
>> This is where the builders would created two walls of brick spaced a two
>> or three feet apart, and then pour concrete (which had been mixed with only
>> a bare minimum of water) into the ‘form’ thus created, and firmly compact
>> it (which made it stronger).
>>
>> As well as simply making walls really thick….Anyway, there you go. Those
>> Romans just kept thinking of everything….
>>
>> Q6 Aside from speech and clothing, what separates humans from
>> other animals?
>>
>> A6 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
>> shop owner, secretary on newspaperTue
>>
>> *Better dexterity and the ability to throw well. An unusually upright
>> bipedal posture which frees up our hands to do these things.*
>>
>> But speech is the really important one. Other animals have languages but
>> so far as we know none of their languages are more sophisticated than that
>> of a human toddler (except that crows have a remarkable ability to describe
>> human faces to each other, which we haven’t deciphered yet). *Complex
>> speech enables us to construct elaborate stories which are used as teaching
>> aids (we know that bonobos, for* example, can gossip but they can’t
>> compose sagas so far as we now), and it lets us outsource our intelligence
>> and build on the discoveries of those who came before us, without having to
>> literally re-invent the wheel in every generation.
>>
>> Q7 What is the difference between "evolutionist" and
>> "biologist"?
>>
>> A7 Ken Saladin, Former professor of histology (microscopic
>> anatomy)1h
>>
>> *Biologists are those who scientifically study living organisms*
>>
>> An evolutionist (in one sense) is a biologist whose central interest is
>> the evolution of living organisms. In another sense, it can mean a
>> person who builds a philosophy around evolution, like Julian Huxley.
>>
>> Q8 Can you eat cooked rice that was left overnight?
>>
>> A8 Umesh Chandra Kodopi, Former Business Development
>> Associate at BYJU'S (company) (2021–2022)Sep 9
>>
>> *Yes .. but need some modifications add some water overnight then it
>> becomes a very probiotic breakfast that actually very benifit for your
>> overall health and you feel very light mood.*i m belong to a very small
>> village from Chattisgarh…and there is very Common ritual in breakfast…as
>> you know that Chattisgarh is known rice of blow so the main food of people
>> is rice…and maximum food cuisine are in Chattisgarh made from rice…. Above
>> i mentioned *the recipe that is called in Chattisgarh is BORABASI.*
>> ….Bora meanes overnight sock with water and basi means.. food that belongs
>> to yesterday night… pic below 👇. I think this recipe alghhhhso practice
>> is servals others state of india because it is very traditional and rooted
>> village food culture …
>>
>> Very Common Eating habits in Chattisgarh specific down south of
>> Chattisgarh baster aadivasi region .they eat with chutney or satl and
>> chilli powder.. very delicious and most importantly very healthy.
>>
>> BENIFIT OF EATING BORABASI (probiotic breakfast)
>>
>> *Don't require time and energy to Make this. Control YOUR* body
>> temperature. Remove dehydration Issue on body
>>
>> Best alternative for costly probiotic morden it saves you time and
>> money.
>>
>> It control YOUR B.P maintenance of your overall body
>>
>> You feel very light after breakfast… You got very good sleep 😴
>>
>> Overall your mood is fresh and relax that lead to a very happy and
>> healthy life. You can eat BORABASI with anything but one condition it
>> should be healthy. downsouth of Chattisgarh Baster tribal people ( common
>> morning food : BORABASI)
>>
>> I hope you got some insight information about your questions…i hope i
>> gave best possible knowledge i have….that is helpful for you thanks for
>> reading.
>>
>> *My note- I have not edited the grammar or language.*
>>
>> Q9 How does a person who is a senior citizen, retired and
>> have no partner (either died or separated), no kids (or living separately),
>> basically alone, spends his day fruitfully or at least satisfactorily?
>>
>> A9 Balakrishnan Lakshmanan, Lives in Bengaluru, Karnataka,
>> India (2020–present)Sep 5
>>
>> *I think, I am eligible to answer your question*. I spend my day this
>> way, I am 63 years young, robust health, not on medication. I get up at 6
>> or 6.10am (no alarm); drink 2 glasses of warm water, ablution, freshening
>> up, get ready and go for *at least 5 km walk*, in the Park I do some
>> free hand exercises, push ups. On my return get some flowers for prayer,
>> some vegetables, cereals, groceries as required. By 8.30am the maid comes
>> and does the cleaning, mopping, washing the vessels etc. By 9am shower, by
>> 9.30am pooja paat, *10am breakfast. Up to 12 noon newspapers, magazine
>> and half hour TV.* Then I prepare my Lunch which usually takes 45
>> minutes to one hour. *Lunch at 1.30pm. Upto 3.30pm browsing the lap Top,
>> replying to emails another 30 minutes TV.*
>>
>> From 3.45pm to 4.30pm I take a shot nap ; then evening Tea/tiffin. Say
>> 6.00pm to 6.45pm Prayers. By 7pm i go out for a stroll, say around 8.30pm i
>> get back. *9pm dinner time. By 10 30/10.45pm i hit the sack.* This has
>> been my daily schedule, at times it is boring, i mumble a little, but again
>> I thank God for keeping me this way, totally relaxed. *No
>> friends/relatives visit me, i visit them whenever possible, now and then i
>> visit some Mall, also watch some good movie and enjoy outside meal, be it
>> Pizza, Chinese Noodles/Fried rice, Sandwiches, Masala Poori, Paani Poori
>> and so on. *Minimum 5 days I cook my own Lunch and Dinner that is the
>> rule of the house, still I am 68/70 Kgs. I am trying to bring it to 65kgs
>> for the last 3 years, but not achieved, but I will do it before December
>> 2022. *Most of the people reading this would have concluded that I am a
>> boring person, but I enjoy living life of my own. *We need to accept
>> “Destiny" then it is easy to manage life. Oh…I forgot to mention one
>> thing, *every 45 days I am out for 10 to 15 days, either to friends
>> place outside Bangalore or Sister's house outside Bangalore or on a short
>> pilgrimage and the sorts.* I always enjoy travelling, not able to stay
>> put in one place for long. So, this is the way of Life I am bestowed with.
>> Once again it is “Providence" - *my sole objective, do not want to be a
>> burden on anyone. Hopefully, my “Sai Ram" will show me the way. My Best
>> Wishes*.
>>
>> Q10 Does the heat from your house go anywhere when you turn on
>> the air conditioner?
>>
>> A10 Dean Hough, Former Electrical Engineer \ Computer Science21h
>>
>> *Yes, the heat from your house gets transferred outdoors*. If you put
>> your hand next to an air conditioner compressor running outdoors you will
>> feel the heat being expelled, or rejected, from the fan blowing air across
>> the radiator. *The compressed refrigerant is hot because it’s in a
>> liquid state and this heat is cooled off through a radiator*. Then the
>> cooled refrigerant flows to the evaporation coil located in your home where
>> the refrigerant evaporates to a gaseous state and it becomes quite cold. *Air
>> is blown across that evaporation coil to cool your home and the evaporation
>> coil is just another radiator except this radiator is absorbing heat
>> because it’s cold.*
>>
>> My note- While the airconditioner warms the room/ hall/* building a lot
>> of warm air is send out which is carried away by wind if blows. *
>>
>> *One can observe this very warm air if one go through the area where
>> cooling system is provided for a building*
>>
>> *All the above QA are from Quora website on 15-09- 2022.*
>>
>> *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .*
>>
>> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 16-09-2022*
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
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