CULTURAL QA 09-2022-27 BEING ACOMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 How do planes dump fuel and whathappens to the dumped fuel by the airplane? A1 Chris Coleman, Worked at AircraftUpdated 15h Most large,commercial aircraft have the ability to dump fuel. This is done using a control(s) which opens avalve and operates a pump. The point used to dump the fuel varies, depending onthe type of aircraft. Most have outlets installed on the wings, or wingtips,which dumps the fuel away from the engines and fuselage. Others dumpthe fuel at the very rear of the aircraft. Some fighter planes have their fueldump nozzle right near the engine exhausts, which can actually ignite thedumped fuel. The F-111 is well-known for doing this. Once the fuel is dumped, it falls and is dispersed in theatmosphere. Jets and turboprop aircraft run on jet fuel, which is essentially a type of kerosene. While certainlyNOT harmless, it’s less heavy than diesel fuel and is less harmful or flammablethan gasoline. Since kerosene is almost 100% volatile, it evaporates. So whenan aircraft dumps fuel at high altitudes, such as from 10,000–40,000 feet, thesmall droplets will completely evaporate long before they hit any land or oceanbelow. The reasons why aircraft dump fuel vary, but this ismost common in military applications for weight, balance and landing purposes.Fuel is expensive and commercial aviation companies don’tnormally just dump excess fuel, unless there’s a safety problem, or if it’s anemergency. If an aircraft is in distress and the pilots know that thelanding may result in a crash, they will dump the excess fuel ahead of time toreduce weight and momentum, and to reduce any fuel, which could result in anexplosion and fire. It’s importantto note, that when commercial aircraft are fuelled up, they don’t simply topoff the tanks, as you would in your car. They add enough fuel to complete thescheduled flight, with some additional fuel added for a safety margin.Fuel is heavy and it costs money to fly additional tons of liquid around, ifyou don’t need it… Q2 Is RAM size or processor speed moreimportant? A2 Rajesh Dhingra, Category LeadBusiness Notebook at Hewlett-Packard (company)Sep 14 Both areequally crucial for any computer. Processor is the first thing you should notice whilebuying a computer, and RAM is equally important for proper functioning of theCPU itself. If you are looking for an analogy, consider acomputer as a car, CPU as the engine and RAM as the transmission. Both RAM and Processor (CPU)have their individual clock speeds, which the buyer needs to look for. Asimple thumb rule is that more clock speed brings more performance, but theprice also increases proportionally. If you are lookingfor such a laptop at a decent price, you can check out the HP Pavilion Laptop14-ec1019AU which I think is the most affordable laptop with 16 GB RAM in 2022.Powered by AMD Ryzen 5 5625U, and Integrated AMD Radeon SoC GPU, and backed by 10+hours of battery backup this is bang-for-buck deal under 60K. If you arelooking for the same type of config but on Intel Platform then check out the HPLaptop 15s-fq5112TU which is powered by 12th Gen Intel i5 1235U CPU with theprice tag of 65K INR. If you want tolearn more about desktops and laptops, read more blogs on the Tech4Growthsection on DQIndia's website or the NextGenIT on CiOL's website. To find theright laptop for your needs, visit pricehush[dot]com. My note- Many new laptops having windows 10 installed,they might have updated to windows11. If the laptops arefelt slow, ram has to be added. I have to do so in one of my computerswhich has become slow. This computer is OK. Q3 How do I reach the Chennai Centralrailway station from the Chennai Egmore railway station? A3 Kothandaraman B, academic Fri Chennai Central RSto Chennai Egmore RS-distance 1–1.5 km Autos-may charge Rs50-Rs 150/-even if you know the city well Ola/Uber-autos-maybe difficult to get By Bus- 17D,17Eetc-5–15 minutes travel charge Rs 5/ to Rs 10. By Metrotrain-travel time 3 minutes Rs 10/ per passenger By suburbantrain(to Park station opposite to Chennai Central)-Rs 5/ - 3 minutes (please note: Metro station is closer toCentral station than Park station and more easily accessible due to lifts andescalators while in Park station-you have to walk more and climbstairs) My note- I haveadded this question for the difficulty of climbing stairs at Park station.Though now the way is better, it is high time to install escalator in park station.This would enable easily reachingplatform to Tambaram side and reduce journey time by one hour Q4 I forgot to cover my food whilemicrowaving it. Is it still safe for consumption because I'm scared ofradiation? A4 Timothy Sly, Food-borne diseasesepidemiologist Sep 6 Lots ofmisunderstanding here….. Microwave energy is a magnetic field, not the “radiation”you associate with dangerous damage to tissues.Microwave energy will heat, but that is all. And it doesn’t escape the oven. Covering withplastic, class, ceramic, cardboard does not stop microwave energy. Covering just keeps the steaminside the container, and reduces “spatter". Covering with metalstops microwave energy (and stops the cooking process, too.) The food iscompletely safe. My note- Now microwave has become lesspopular in homes. Especially with elders if any metallic plate, glass is kept by just anabsence of memory, it will explode. Q5 Why are air conditioners andrefrigerators bad for environment? A5 Gopala Krishnan,Former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now There are manythings bad for environment, which are part of our development. Many factories leaves out smoke.But those factories are must. Many medicines have to be kept inrefrigerator for preserving their medicinal effect. An operation theater has to be air conditioned. AnICU has to be kept air-conditioned. The environmentcaused by air conditioners is outside air becomes warm. Warm air is light and movesupwards. Most homes have fridges now. They preserve ourpreparations, medications etc safe. During defrosting outside of fridge becomes warm. Doesit affect us? The warm air is moved upwards and spreads to otherareas which we practically never feel. Q6 Do all electric cars have a vintagelead acid 12 volt starter battery to start just like an ICE engine so you haveto worry about the same problems with an old battery going dead on you in thewinter? A6 Steve Baker,Senior Software Engineer(2013–present)17h Many of them do have a 12 volt lead-acid battery -but it’s not for starting the car. You don’t really “start” an electric car. Recent electriccars are switching to Lithium Ion 12v batteries.So - no you don’t have any ofthose horrible problems. The purpose of the 12v battery in an EV isa little complicated.The car obviously has a MASSIVELithium Ion battery pack which is good for at least half a million miles. But the thing about that battery pack isthat you need a computer to recharge it - temperatures and voltages of eachsmall group of batteries must be monitored carefully. But what happens ifyou drive too far and run the battery completely dead? (like “running out ofgas” in a gas car). This is a very rarething to happen - butif it does, you’d be in DEEP trouble because you’d need the battery to powerthe computer to charge the battery. Witha completely dead battery pack - you’d be unable to recharge the battery pack!Eeek! So the idea is to have a separate, VERYMUNDANE 12v car battery that powers the computer when the main battery pack isdead. And if the 12v battery pack ALSO dies - thenyou can “jump start” the car with jumper cables or a regular car batterycharger.When the 12v battery is charged - the computer can start up - and then you cancharge the main battery. Because the 12v battery only has to powersome electronics - and isn’t subject to the rigors of turning a starter motor -it lasts longer. But even if the 12vbattery fails, the car will still run just fine because that large main batterypack will almost always be OK. Q7 Which appliance consumes moreelectricity, a television or a refrigerator? A7 Charles McClain, Former Retired atMars (company)Thu Joe hit it right. Modern TV’s use very littleelectricity. But, here is thecatch. Modern flat screen TV’s are energy efficient, inexpensive, presentbeautiful pictures and reliable. The old ones were none of these but werebetter in a crucial way—programming was way, way better. Three networkscompeted for viewers and produced some entertaining programs. Frequently I hadto choose between programs that I wanted to watch that came on at same time. I frequently used that ole VCRto record for that reason. Today’s audience isso fragmented that no one can afford to make good programming. My note- In India VCR has become absolete Q8 Why do Loco Pilots of the IndianRailways regularly look out of the side windows when operating locomotives?Does the forward windshield not provide sufficient visibility? A8 Subhasis Dutta Roy,Former Working inIndian Railways at Indian Railways (2001–2022)3h Maybe you want tosay something like this. In this case, thelocomotive pilot is looking back. Looking back is a part of duty. Loco pilots or ALP have to ensure thattheir train is running in full safety. Nothing is abnormal with their train. But theway the loco pilot looks back is not as per guidelines or rules. He neglects hissafety. Indian Railways is always strict about the safety of both its employeesand passengers. As the trainis in running condition he may lose his balance and fall. This must not be donethis way. He must ensure his safety first. IndianRailway provides side windows for this purpose. Lookingback through side windows is within railway safety rules. But it isnot always possible to get a full view till the end of his train up to theguard brake van. So loco pilot of ALP has to take the risk of lean out ofdoors to get a fully assure view of their trains. I never thoughtthere was any difficulty in seeing through the front window. Sometimes dirtaccumulates on the glass, but there has never been any such inconvenience toseeing ahead.If there is too much dust on the front glass that lowers visibility, itis ALP’s duty to clean the window glass. But sometimesmainly ALPs look front side from side windows. So far my experience I look outside from the side windowjust for fun. It was really amazing for me to feel the air flowingover my face. Sometimes it was very very hot, especially in summertime insidethe locomotive cabin. So the fresh airflowing over my face and some parts of my body’s upper portion was given relieffrom that hot atmosphere. But I can rememberthat one day. we start our journey from Andal towards my home town Burdwan. Itwas wintertime and we depart from Andal at midnight. It was very very cold thatnight. We switch on our locomotive heater. Then the cabin gets warm and itfeels better for both of us. But we don’t knowthat God writes something different for us in our fate. At the time of passingDurgapur SM warns us about fog through VHF from upcoming sections. Afterpassing Durgapur the fog starts to denser. Next stationRajbandh also warns about heavy dense fog in the next section. It was somethinglike this.This is day time picture but that was midnight. After passing Rajbandh weactually can not see the next 10 meters in front of our locomotives.Loco pilot slow trains speed. We approach further and the fog gets very verydense. But we have to see the signals. We start to countthe mast numbers. We know at which mast number which signal is placed. This isalso the use of mast numbers in Indian Railways. At this point, we have to open our windows and lean outto observe our next coming signal through mast numbers.We have to sacrifice the warm atmosphere of our locomotive cabin for sake ofsafety. >From that point upto the end station Burdwan, we have to lean out from the >window to observe signals.We reach Burdwan safelybut we sacrifice our comfort >for the sake of safety. Hope you understandat what conditions LP or ALP have to look outside through locomotive windows. Q9 Can you give details of Yakhchāl ? A9 Kathleen Pennell's Posts,Posted byJoMburu Sep 11 400 BCE Persian engineers created a ice machine in thedesert. Persians noticed that ice would build up overnight in the shadows.So, they started digging square holes into the clay in areas that would beshaded and filled them with water. Overnight, the water would freeze because it gets cold atnight in the desert. They'd dig the ice out of the clay and storethem in special extra-insulated buildings, filled with hay for more insulation.The ice would last along while, so even in the hottest days of the summer, they'd have ice to helpstay cool. Yakhchāl - Wikipedia Ancient Persianice-house Yakhchāl of Abarkuh, Iran Yakhchāl ( Persian : یخچال "ice pit"; yakh meaning"ice" and chāl meaning "pit") is an ancient type of icehouse that functions as an evaporative cooler . The structure had a domed shapeabove ground and a subterranean storage space. It was often used to store ice,but sometimes was used to store food as well. The subterranean space coupledwith the thick heat-resistant construction material insulated the storage spaceyear round. These structures were mainly built and used in Persia . Many thatwere built hundreds of years ago remain standing. [1] Design and process [ edit] Yakhchāl of Kashmar, Iran Exterior and interior (dome) of the yakhchal inMeybod , Iran By 400 BCE, Persianengineers were building yakhchāls in the desert to capture and store ice.A yakhchāl takes advantage of the low humidity in desert climates whichpromotes the evaporation of water (making evaporative cooling more effective)and promotes rapid cooling once the sun sets (water vapor inhibits radiativecooling in less arid climates). In some desert climates (especially those athigh altitudes), temperatures drop below freezing at night. Water is often channeled from aqanat (Iranian aqueduct) to a yakhchāl, where it freezes when the temperatureis low enough. A wall is usually built in an east–west directionnear the yakhchāl. Incoming water is channeled along the north side of the wallso that radiative cooling in the shadow of the wall cools the water before itenters the yakhchāl. Ice issometimes brought in from nearby mountains and stored in the yakhchāl.The building allows cold air to pour in from entries at the base of thestructure and descend to the lowest part of the yakhchāl, large undergroundspaces up to 5,000 m 3 (180,000 cu ft ) in volume. At the same time, the tallconical shape of the building guides any remaining heat upward and outsidethrough openings at the very top of the building, and through this activeprocess the air inside the yakhchāl remains cooler than the outside. Theyakhchāl is built of a unique water-resistant mortar called sarooj , composedof sand, clay, egg whites, lime, goat hair, and ash in specific proportions,that is resistant to heat transfer and is thought to be completelywater-impenetrable. [2] This material acts as an effective insulation all yearround. The sarooj walls are at least two meters thick at the base. [3]Yakhchāls often have access to a qanat, and are sometimes equipped with bâdgirs(windcatchers or wind towers) built of mud or mud brick in square or roundshapes with vents at the top which funnel cool air down through internal,vertically-placed wooden slats to the water or structure below. A bâdgir can also function as achimney, releasing warm air out the top and pulling cool air in from a baseopening or a connected qanat (air in a qanat is cooled by theunderground stream). Many homes in desert towns are equipped with a bâdgirsystem. The ice created Q10 What is the best evening snack inKerala? A10 Bhuvana Rameshwar, Lives in India(1989–present)Updated Sep 17 The pazham pori..(pazham pozhi). It is a sweet ripebanana fritter with sliced just ripe bananas, dipped in batter and fried. The batter is either refinedflour with or without a little rice flour salt, little sugar and turmeric. It has a mild sweettaste and is found in the numerous tea stalls which line the Ooty, Naduvattamto Mudumalai road via Gudalur. This place is always cold and all travellersstop for a hot tea and this simple but heavenly fritter . The serious ghatroads end and leave only a few more through the forest of Mudumalai andBandipur. Bananas grow plenty in this region which has cool and wet climate. It is also sold inthe other routes from gudalur to sultan batteri, kalpetta, wayanad and calicut. It is a typical Ketalite snackfor a hungry person who can eat 4 to 5 fritters if it is just made.The tea stall owners make them only after we place the order. What job sincerity? My note- There is a saying. What Bajji is to a Tamilian, Pazhamporiis to a Keralite. All the above QA are from Quora website on 26-09- 2022. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled andposted by R. 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