CULTURAL QA 11-2022-27 BEING A COMPILATIONTHERE MAY BE ERRORS
Q1 How many fans or lights can a singlewall switch control? A1 Gopala Krishnan,Former AssistantGeneral Manager 1996-2004 at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now Nowadays multi equipment switch are rare.Within home and outside if inevitable 2 lights or 2 fans arecontrolled by a switch. Many times Lamina cutting in the switch board isplanned to certain number of lights and fans. If one morelight is added, if Lamina cutting has no space for additional switch, then twolights are paralleled to a single switch. In my home forcompound bulk fitting and protected tube light fittings are provided. Both arecontrolled by a single switch. The aim is if tube light fitting goes faulty, bulk fitting will providelight. Q2 Is switching on a fan a good ideawhile there's smoke in your room? A2 Oken Mayanglambam, Tally Expert(2008–present)4y Your question isnot clear enough? Do you really wantthe smoke to stay inside or just let them escape? Moreover which type of fanyou are referring? Aceiling fan or an exhaust fan? And reason for switching on the fan? You can definitely put on the exhaust fan if you want thesmoke to escape your room. If you do not have an exhaust fan, you can turn onthe ceiling or stand fan and open the doors and windows to let the smoke escape.It is as simple as that. Q3 How do railways try to recover thetime of late running trains? A3 Sandeep v Menon, Rail enthusiast,among many roles life gets you to become9h The one word answer is : timetable. One of the few things to keep in mind is that, unlikeroads, “a little over speed limit” and taking short cuts are not options whenit comes to railways. A maximum permissible speed on aline is fixed due to many factors out of which the operational safety getshighest priority. Also, the set routes/ tracks are required to be travelledbetween destinations. However, there is one thing that can beadjusted - timetable. When a timetable is prepared, usually, events such as laterunning, possible lower speeds/speed restrictions, or even delays in departure(due to lots of passengers boarding or getting off of the train) are taken intoaccount. A small timeis added to the timetable at certain chosen locations to facilitate this. For example, if a train crosses divisionalboundary, it is not unusual to see an additional 10–15 minutes getting added tothe total time it requires to reach the next station. Such smallpockets of time along the journey time not only helps the train to keep itsschedule, it also helps the subsequent sections /control divisions to avoidknock-on effect where all other services get late as well. It must be notedthat if a train is late beyond these added time pockets, the train is allowedto continue running, while adjusting its priority in a given section. (Explanation to theExample : Consider Division/section A with station AA and division/section Bwith station BA, where station AA is some 15km away from BA. Now, if the Linespeed is 60kmph, a train leaving AA at say 11:30 should reach BA at 11:45,about 15 minutes later. However, the timetable would be constructed in such away that train leaves AA at 11:30 but its arrival time at BA would be 11:50 or12:00. This “extra time” helps trains running late by a reasonable amount oftime to catch up. Suchlong time pockets are usually evident in sections/divisions where there arelots of trains, older signalling system and lower operationalspeeds.) My note- If one look up at Chennai division time table more than 20minutes is provided to cover about 5 KMs from Perambur to MGR Chennai centralto make up time, delays in allotting platform etc. Similarly many trains from Royapuram side do nottouch Chennai central, but stops at Perambur. More than 5-7 minutes areprovided for halt in the station because many have to get down. Q4 What are the signs of organ rejectionafter a heart transplant? A4 Narayana Health, Promoted Health for all. All for health. Nov17 Signs of the body rejecting a transplanted heart: The hearttransplant patient might feel like the blood pressure is increasing. A sudden fever of more than 38 degree Celsius. Feeling ofbreathlessness even when not doing any physical activity. Feeling tired even when sitting inactive. Symptoms offlu. Pain in the chest area. Feeling high discomfort during urination. Source: NarayanaHealth[1]Heart Disease Prevention And Treatment[2] Q5 Which states of India do notcelebrate Deepawali? A5 Krishnapriya, Mon Diwali iscelebrated in every part of India with slight changes in the custom. I've happened to seen some peoplesaying Keralites do not celebrate Diwali. But the festival is also beingcelebrated in Kerala like every other part of India but comparatively, withless enthusiasm. When the rest ofIndia celebrate Diwali in relation to Ramayana, Keralites associate it with Mahabharatha, preciselywith the victory of Krishna over Narakasura. Customs andpractices in Kerala are inherently simple, whether it is their clothing,marriage or to have a say, any ritual. Deepavali is by no way different. Keralites celebrate Deepavali with aritual oil bath followed by a temple visit. We relish a traditionalbreakfast on the day which is mostly consist of idli and sambar along with adessert that is usually steamedbanana (Nenthrappazham) or unniyappam, a traditional Keraladelicacy. Every Hindu homewill be lit up with earthern lamps in the evening to symbolize the glory ofluminance over dark. My note- Forthrikkarthka also there is less enthusiasm in Kerala state. Q6 Why did German locomotives in theNazi era have large plates near the front on each side? A6 Susanna Viljanen, Works at AaltoUniversity Wed They are smokedeflectors, and their idea is to aerodynamically propel the smoke from the smokestack upwards.They are used on most steam locomotives attaining speeds of 80 km/h or faster. Nothing to do with the Nazis. Q7 Why doesn't the TC come to check theticket in the general compartment of the railway train? A7 Neomazane, Answered by Amit Rao 3h One of my relatives is a TC.He went into a compartment to check a passenger's ticket and discovered thatthe passenger did not have a ticket. The passenger said, "I will pick you up and throwyou down, otherwise don't come here to check the ticket" during anargument. This incidentdeeply affected TC sir, who had just started a new job. Hetold people at home that I am quitting my job, and after they explained, hebecame normal. The following arethree possible explanations: 1. Even if they have to use the restroom, passengers inthe general seating area only take their seatsafter purchasing their tickets. 2. Nobody ought tostrike TC sir's pocket in such a crowd. 3. The generalcompartment frequently contains individuals without tickets. My note- I have an incidence of TC checking inunreserved compartment in an urgent trip from Chennai to Bangalore in anunreserved compartment. I think TC can check and imposepenalty for travel if one or two RPF arewith him/in the compartment. Generally in Kerala passengers take ticket forunreserved travel. Q8 At present, there are 17 Railwayzones and 68 divisions in the country. What are the railway zones anddivisions? A8 Balasubramanian Kailasam, IndianRailways enthusiast, craze to Railways. Hi, I am Rly 5h The Railway zones and divisions are formed due to two majorreasons: Administrative Convenience: To manage such ahuge administration and duties related to railways, it was decided to dividethe operations into zones for convenient structural implementation of hierarchyand responsibilities. Better Control measurement: Basically, divisionsgive better control in a zone as per traffic passing through it. The other reasons behind dividing the entire railway intozones and divisions are to: Provide safety to the passengers; especially womenand children with the help of GRPF and RPF. Maintain sanitation and cleanliness of railwaycampus. Repair tracks to avoid accidents. Goodstransportations like coal, petrol, etc. Providing passenger’s amenities and train charting. Control passengers’ traffic in a zone. Q9 Do Indian trains have more than oneengine? A9 Surendra Paswan, Indian railway 9h The two engines will give the additional power requiredfor faster acceleration and deceleration. As aresult, with everything along the track remaining the same, the train gainshuge amount of time during each run,” said a senior Railway Ministry official. Anyway, the reasonfor using two locomotives is pretty simple. Twice thenumber of locomotives means twice the power. This extra power boost is used forespecially heavy loads or for trains going up steep grades. A reallysteep grade could require as many as eight locomotives. Q10 Why have humans not evolved to havemore eggs and thus reach menopause later? Our life expectancy is almost doublethat of the age of menopause. Is it because evolution is just that slow, orbecause our survival doesn't depend on it A10 Ken Saladin, Professor of biology,emeritus (retired)2y It would not do forwomen to have babies right up to the last year or two of their lives. There are at least five goodreasons for life beyond menopause. Physiological stress. For one thing, pregnancy andthen lactation until weaning are a great stress on the mother’s body. Womennear the end of their years might often be unable to sustain these demands ontheir physiology. Late-lifepregnancies would probably be futile. Meiotic delay and genetic defects.Human eggs begin meiosis even before a baby is born.By birth, a girl’s eggs are already in meiosis I. They go into arresteddevelopment from birth at least until puberty (for the earliestovulations in an adolescent girl’s life), but if a woman ovulates anegg at age 45, let’s say, that egg has been in meiosis for 45 years waiting tofinish. This long wait seems to create more opportunity for mutations, perhapsdue to suppression of DNA repair mechanisms when the chromosomes are in thecondensed prophase state. For thisreason, older mothers have more miscarriages and their live-born children havemore birth defects. The incidence of Down syndrome,for example, is 1 in 3,000 live births for a woman under 30; 1 in 365 by age35; and 1 in 9 by age 48—not to mention that most Down syndrome fetuses diebefore birth. This meiotic delay—decades between the onset and completion ofmeiosis—is another selection pressure acting against late-life reproduction forwomen. (There is a correlation between birth defects and paternal age too, butnot nearly as much as with maternal age.) Extended parental care. Human infants are born ina much more helpless state than other primate infants. Thus, they requireconsiderably more parental care before they reach an age where they can surviveon their own. This is a selection pressure favoring female survival well beyondthe age of last childbirth, as well as favoring biparental care—that is, atendency (if imperfect) toward long-term pair-bonding (monogamy). Social acculturation. Human society isexceptionally complex. Even for our simple hunter-gatherer ancestors andsimilar extant tribes, it takes a years to acculture a child to society—to hisor her social rank and roles, survival skills, and so forth. Humans, unlike cats ormonkeys, can’t just raise their offspring to weaning and set them loose at anage of 3 or 4 years (worldwide, women wean their children at anaverage age of nearly 4 years); their children wouldn’t survive in humansociety. Parenting is needed for probably 10–12 years or more after a child isborn, hence further reason for females to live well beyond their final birth. Grandmother hypothesis. The most effective wayfor an elderly woman (“elderly” by primitive standards, say 50+) to securepassage of more of her genes to future generations is to help her daughtersraise children, rather than have more children of their own. Even amongchimpanzees, we see reproductive success enhanced by entrusting childcare torelated females, “babysitters,” usually related to the infant. Thisinterpretation of survival beyond menopause (or from the mirror point of view, cessation of reproduction yearsbefore the end of life) has been called “the grandmother hypothesis” ofmenopause. Tribal wisdom. This will be more lengthy becauseI’m moving an earlier Quora answer to here to consolidate the two. Consider acomparison to African elephants. There are trophy game hunters who claim itdoes no harm to shoot the old, post-reproductive adults in a herd. The realityis that by taking out these old individuals, there’s significantly highermortality also among the young from such causes as starvation and drought. Thisis because much of the herd’s collective wisdom lies in the old; they’re theones that know where to find food and water in times of duress (even where todig for water below the soil surface). Without the elders’ knowledge, thecalves and younger adults are much more at the mercy of climatic events. So byhunters killing the old for sport and trophies, they’re also, without realizingit, killing the young. This “wisdom of age” effect was likely true, as well, forprehistoric hominid clans, and I think anthropologistsfind it true of primitive tribal cultures living even today in the Amazon, NewGuinea, and such places. Tribal shamans are often childless elders, sometimeshomosexual and non reproductive, but very important to the survival, welfare,and cohesion of the community. We can even seek the evolutionary origins ofreligion in this line of inquiry, as well as an answer to the oft repeatedquestions, “What purpose does homosexuality serve? Why hasn’t natural selectioneliminated homosexuality?” The elderly, with their knowledge and experience, makeinvaluable contributions to survival of the group and thus to their own kin.They are the clan repository of not just anelephant-like knowledge of how to deal with drought, food scarcity, orcatastrophes, but also knowledge of medicinal plants and how to treat illnessor trauma with at least some better-than-nothing success. This is welldocumented even in the pioneer culture of the 19th-century American West. In short,elderly members of human society have important ways of contributing to thesurvival and perpetuationof their genes that go far beyond having more offspring of their own. This isreason enough why the unthinking “calculus” of natural selection has worked, inhumans and elephants, against an octopus- or salmon-like system where theparent dies as soon as it has produced all the offspring it’s ever going to. Credits Deeper Insightsidebar from my own textbook. Australopithecusmom and baby from http://www.sci-news.com/othersciences /anthropology/australopithecus-breastfeeding-07397.html.Elephantsfrom Mom and Baby elephant My note- Anenlightening very clear medical base answer. All the above QA are from Quora website on 26-10-2022. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan,former ITS, 79 years, on 27-11-2022 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/1144836014.3459018.1669508708963%40mail.yahoo.com.
