My dear Gopalakrishnan
You have misunderstood the communication. Every family would have
faced such problems in their community. But it was once in the world
reported thus: "According to the National Center for Biotechnology
Information <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320916/> (NCBI),
retained surgical bodies after a procedure is an issue for surgeons and
hospitals. They estimate surgical instruments get left inside patients
between 0.3 to 1.0 per 1,000 abdominal operations. " ).0.3% is not
significant at aall where more than 250 tools are used in a surgery and the
tool maintenance staff fails to report and nap. Why hearst surgery failed
where the current failure (assumed only) is 40% at least, is a thing we
shall know. On the contrary tools and cotton inside is a senseless act and
need one to know?. I lost a senior probationary officer's post at EID Parry
only because a cotton was kept inside (cleaned one used to swipe the blood)
and stitched; in those days there were no fast tracks to cure. .In all out
of the candidates I was alone left out due to non production of MC. That is
not a great matter I meant. Today it is different. All are barcoded; and
and digitalised; so that without passing of the digital version, operation
will not be closed. Whatever spoken may be information to you but the
readers have knowledge and choices of better interest I meant. So do as you
like it. KR IRS 131222
On Tue, 13 Dec 2022 at 07:34, gopala krishnan <[email protected]> wrote:
> Respected sir,
>
> *There are three information in the answer (QA 10).*
>
> 1. The operation items are spread over the body of the patient who get
> operated.
>
> 2. There are many organs automatically shut during operation
>
> 3. During operation small items can get slipped in to these automatically
> closed organs. While a doctor concentrate in the surgery, his assistant
> nurse, concentrate on assisting, a slip of small tool can occur some times
> under these automatically closing organs *getting un noticed. *
>
> There are many complaints on later date on examination , operating tool
> is stitched inside the operation area causing the problem. . How such
> things occur is explained this answer.
>
> *For persons like me it is a new information. Probably for you alone it is
> stupid QA. I am sure many members these are now information*
>
> Gopalakrishnan
>
> On Monday, 12 December, 2022 at 07:33:00 pm IST, Rajaram Krishnamurthy <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> Q 2 The *Caucasian race* (also *Caucasoid* or *Europid*, *Europoid*) is
> an obsolete racial classification
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_race_concepts> of human beings
> based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. The *Caucasian race* was
> historically regarded as a biological taxon
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon> which, depending on which of the
> historical race classifications was being used, usually included ancient
> and modern populations from all or parts of Europe
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe>, Western Asia
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Asia>, Central Asia
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia>, South Asia
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia>, North Africa
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa>, and the Horn of Africa
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa>. First introduced in the
> 1780s by members of the Göttingen school of history
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_school_of_history>, the
> term denoted one of three purported major races of humankind (those three
> being Caucasoid, Mongoloid <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid> and
> Negroid <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negroid>). In biological
> anthropology <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_anthropology>,
> *Caucasoid* has been used as an umbrella term for phenotypically
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype> similar groups from these
> different regions, with a focus on skeletal anatomy, and especially cranial
> morphology, without regard to skin tone
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_tone>. Ancient and modern "Caucasoid"
> populations were thus not exclusively "white", but ranged in complexion
> from white-skinned to dark brown Since the second half of the 20th
> century, physical anthropologists have switched from a typological
> understanding of human biological diversity towards a genomic and
> population-based perspective, and have tended to understand race as a
> social classification of humans based on phenotype and ancestry as well as
> cultural factors, as the concept is also understood in the social
> sciences. In the United States
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States>, the root term *Caucasian* is
> still in use as a synonym for white
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people> or of European
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe>, Middle Eastern
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East>, or North African
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa> ancestry, a usage that has
> been criticized.( So it has no bearing except USA today and a disproven
> theory. )
> Q10 Accidents do happen but a stupid question about some thing which do
> not happen each day. KR IRS 121222
>
> On Mon, 12 Dec 2022 at 15:12, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
> *CULTURAL QA 12-2022-**12*
>
> *BEING A COMPILATION THERE MAY BE ERRORS*
>
> Q1 Where are the horns located inside diesel locomotive cabs?
>
> A1 Prasanna Bhalerao, Knows about trains.3h
>
> *Diesel locomotive as well as electric locomotive horns are trumpet horns,
> supposedly very loud.* They produce the sound when air is blown thru a
> trumpet. The train horn must serve multiple purposes:
>
> *It has to be incredibly loud and because the sound has to be carried
> across full length of the rake, especially to the train guard/conductor (in
> the caboose or guard van)*
>
> *It must also warn people in front of the tracks*
>
> Since the blown air pressure is quite a lot, the trumpets are located on
> the roof of the locomotive. No other place is good enough. Inside the
> cab, these would deafen the loco pilot.
>
> On this Indian Electric Locomotive, the horns are located at both ends of
> the body:
>
> *A trumpet horn exists on large 18-wheeler trucks as in USA/Canada and
> elsewehere. These too are located outside:*
>
> Q2 White people are called Caucasian. What is the equivalent
> for black people?
>
> A2 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper Sat
>
> *“Caucasian” isn’t really a thing, except as it refers to people from the
> Caucasus mountains.*
>
> Victorian race theorists divided humans into four groups, Caucasoid,
> Mongoloid, Australoid and Negroid. The first three have a certain
> validity as they relate to early divisians in the group of migrants who
> left Africa and then split up and spread out about 60,000 years ago.
>
> *Caucasoid covers indigenous Europeans, Middle* Easterners, North
> Africans, Iranian, Afghanis, South Asians, some Myanmese tribes and the
> Ainu.
>
> Mongoloid refers to people from the Far East and their descendants
> (including Native Americans).
>
> Australoid refers to Australian Aborigines and people from nearby islands.
>
> “Negroid” however isn’t really a thing at all, except as an “everybody
> else” category.
>
> Victorian Americans thought it was a thing because most of the black
> people they saw were slaves, and slaves tended to be of a limited range
> of West African types. Their idea of “Negroid” is really just “Angolan”.
>
> But Africa is where humans come from, and the group of Homo sapiens who
> left Africa in that major migration took with them only a small sample of
> the genetic variation which was available back home. *Sub-Saharan
> Africans are of dozens of very different physical types who are less
> similar, genetically, than a Norwegian is to an Aborigine or a Korean,*
> because the Norwegian, the Aborigine and the Korean are all fairly recently
> descended from one small initial group of migrants.
>
> My note- A very informative answer.
>
> Q3 Why don’t people in India buy Tata cars even after knowing
> they are the safest cars available right now?
>
> A3 Shaunak Bhattacharjeee, Lives in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
> (1996–present)23h
>
> In life, there is a very simple concept of earning money. The more you
> earn, the more work pressure will be on you. If you want to lead a
> stress-free life, give time to your family, enjoy less workload, you will
> have to settle for a job that pays less salary. *You have to sacrifice
> one thing for the other. The same goes when it comes to purchasing cars.
> One has to sacrifice between mileage and safety.*
>
> A car that gives you higher mileage is friendlier on your pockets since
> the fuel costs decrease. But if you look for such a car, you have to let go
> off the safety.
>
> The best example over here is that of Maruti Suzuki. *Maruti Suzuki* cars
> provide the best in class mileage, but when it comes to safety, they are
> *nothing
> but tin boxes and even if you hit your car with a car, there will be a big
> dent.* Survival chances are close to zero if it is involved in a major
> accident.
>
> On the other hand, Tata cars provide the best safety features and many of
> their cars have received the highest safety ratings. But compared to
> Maruti Suzuki, their cars do not provide as much mileage. Moreover, since
> Maruti Suzuki can afford to remove the safety features, they can launch the
> car for less price than Tata or other major car manufacturers.
>
> In India, many people buy a car not because it is a necessity, but because
> it is a status symbol. They primarily purchase a car to show off. But
> buying a car comes with additional costs like fuel expenses and to keep
> that as minimal as possible, they are willing to take that risk.
>
> Q4 Why are train fares so expensive in Britain? Is it justified
> given the current state of infrastructure?
>
> A4 Nicholas Stone, Life long interest in trains. Thu
>
> *Many trains fares are so expensive, because of UK government policies.*
>
> When the government privatised the railways in 1994, the new operators
> often introduced new restrictions on off-peak tickets. These were intended
> to increase the revenue needed to replace agreed declining government
> franchise payments. Similarly, the benefits of the Network Railcard were
> reduced.
>
> During the government’s first austerity programme from 2010–15, transport
> ministers allowed train companies to raise fares above inflation. Season
> ticket price rises being a particularly lucrative option.
>
> In 2020, the UK government nationalised most passenger train ownership and
> operations. This being the third nationalisation, with the others in 1914
> and 1948. In turn, transport ministers now set fares and the government
> collects ticket sales.
>
> *After the Covid restrictions, UK passenger ridership* is back to
> pre-pandemic levels. But passengers are making use of changing work
> patterns and switching to cheaper rail tickets. Season ticket sales have
> collapsed by over 60%, leaving more financial headaches for the government
> as they implement another multiyear austerity programme.
>
> To watch: more ministerial cost cutting measures, fares rises and service
> reductions, as part of the austerity programme.
>
> Q5 What are the differences between Chennai Express and
> Rajdhani Express? Which one do you think is better and why?
>
> A5 Bedabrata Arya. Indian Travel Vlogger21h
>
> My Dear Friend as a Indian Travel Vlogger i travel frequently so from my
> experience i will try to give your answer hopefully it will help you and
> others.
>
> *Rajdhani Express :- I think Rajdhani is Better*
>
> The word Rajdhani has been derived from the Devanagri script, which means
> Capital in English.
>
> On February 19, 1969, Dr Ram Subhag Singh, the then railway minister
> announced independent India's first high speed train, the Rajdhani,
> between New Delhi and Howrah.
>
> It is the fastest Rajdhani service in all of India, with a maximum
> permissible speed of 130 km/h.
>
> These trains have higher signal priority than other trains on the Indian
> railway network and are fully air-conditioned. ( AC coach )
>
> *The passengers are provided with complimentary meals during the journey.
> Depending on the timings of the train, lunch, high tea, dinner, morning tea
> and breakfast are served.*
>
> This series of trains regularly gets the highest priority in the Indian
> Railways network and is considered as its most premium train and dynamic
> pricing also available.
>
> Chennai Express :-
>
> Normal Trains running between any indian state capital to Chennai Central.*Not
> a Premium Train & No Dynamic Pricing applicable to this train.*
>
> *You have to buy your own food.*
>
> From general compartment to AC sleeper coach and AC chair Car, you can
> find it all in Chennai Express.There's no priority given to this train like
> Rajdhani Express trains.
>
> Q6 Is there any benefit of eating paan?
>
> A6 Sachin Masekar, Home Chef (1978–present)Wed
>
> *Health benefits of eating paan after meals is a tradition that has been
> going on since ancient times*. Ayurveda also mentions the benefits of
> eating paan (betel leaves). *The original taste of these leaves is
> pungent, but they are rich in calcium, protein, minerals, carbohydrates,
> fiber, vitamin C.* There is also a different method of creating this
> paan. Many spices like gulkand, cardamom, betel nut, kaat, lime are added
> to this paan. Similarly, they have different names according to the spices
> added to the paan. Its health benefits are said to cure stomach problems.
> Eating paan helps in digestion. It is also used to remove bad breath. The
> beneficial substances present in the leaves of nagveli work to reduce the
> harmful bacteria in the body. It is beneficial for people who have bad
> breath to eat this betel leaves.
>
> *1. Eating this betel leaves of vida increases the* appetite. So if you
> eat betel leaf with black pepper before breakfast in the morning, it
> increases your appetite. But since both pepper and leaves are hot, measure
> the quantity.
>
> 2. Betel leaf is a boon for those suffering from constant headaches.
> Applying the juice of these leaves on the forehead stops headache.
>
> 3. If you apply the juice of betel leaves on a wound, the wound heals
> quickly. Also, in case of blisters or boils anywhere on the body, heat a
> betel leaf and apply castor oil on it and apply this leaf to the sores.
>
> 4. ***Betel leaf keeps blood sugar under control.
>
> 5. In case of cold or cough, honey should be taken along with the leaves
> of betel.
>
> *6.Betel leaf removes blemishes and pimples on the* face. For this,
> divide 5 to 6 betel leaves and mix them in 1 glass of water. After that,
> strain this water and apply the prepared face pack on your face.
>
> *Item 4- is a new information to me and I have not tested.*
>
> Q7 Do all planets in our solar system spin on their axis, thus
> having a night and day like earth?
>
> A7 Steve Baker, Senior Software Engineer (2013–present)Dec 2
>
> Not exactly. You probably know how the 23 degree axial tilt of Earth
> results in 24 hours of daylight at one pole and 24 hours of night time at
> the other for several months of the year.
>
> *Well, the planet Uranus has a 98 degree tilt and an 84 year long “year”*
> - so it’s essentially pointing one pole at the sun and the other away from
> it. *That means that almost half of the planet is in sunlight for several
> decades - while the other half is dark for the same amount of time.*
>
> But because Uranus rotates once every 17hours, in over the decades of
> relative normality the planet has an 8.5 hour day and an 8.5 hour night.
>
> *Mercury is another weird one - it’s ‘day’ length is about 59 Earth-days
> long…but it’s ‘year’ length is only 88 earth-days. So things are fairly
> dramatically weird there too.*
>
> Then of course, there is our own Moon - which is tidally locked to Earth
> - so it’s “year” length is 28 days - and so is it’s “day” length. This
> produces the odd phenomenon that the Earth doesn’t really move across the
> sky. It kinda shifts back and forth a little bit - *but if you’re
> somewhere on the Moon’s equator where the Earth is dead overhead - then the
> Earth will ALWAYS be overhead - no matter the time or the year.*
>
> Q8 Do bananas have cholesterol?
>
> A8 Laura Bailey,Get Fit. Get Healthy. Get Results! Dec 6
>
> *No, bananas do not have cholesterol. Cholesterol is a type of fat found
> in animal products, so fruits and vegetables do not contain cholesterol.*
>
> *Bananas are a good source of dietary potassium, fiber, and vitamin C.
> They can help you maintain a healthy weight, lower blood pressure, and
> prevent heart disease.*
>
> Q9 Which is the rarest of medical conditions?
>
> A9 Sean Kernan, Financial analyst turned writer. Nov 23
>
> *Progeria is extremely rare and one of the more jarring conditions to see
> happening.*
>
> *It occurs in 1 in 18 million people and causes its recipients to age
> extremely fast*. You will see small children resembling elderly patients.
> *Most
> die in their teens and they rarely live past their early 20s. The oldest
> patient ever recorded lived to 43.*
>
> The dumbed down version of *what causes these symptoms is that cells and
> tissue don’t have the ability to heal and repair in the way that most of us
> do.* Aging is largely caused by this on going process of repair and
> damage to our body.
>
> Some of you may remember Adalia Rose:She is only 14 in that image and died
> at 15.
>
> Research has been stagnant for many years on this and only limited
> interventions are available.
>
> *The good news is that genetic editing might offer a road to treating the
> condition as it has been shown effective in mice.*
>
> The condition gives me gratitude. I appreciate my good health and how I’ve
> taken it for granted.
>
> Progeria is a terrible condition and hard to imagine kids having to
> endure. We can only hope medicine catches up.
>
> *My note- While working in the Trivandrum Training* centre I had a
> trainee from Alleppy, who had his first girl child with the above
> symptoms. After taking treatment his other two children are normal. *He
> said she had wrinkles and grey hair at the age of 11*. He said she may
> survive a few years more. The medical term progeria for the disease now
> only I am knowing.
>
> Q10 Why would a surgeon forget his scissors inside his patient’s
> body? What was he thinking?
>
> A10 Joris Broeren. M.d. in Medicine and Healthcare, Leiden
> University Medical Center (Graduated 2000)Dec 2
>
> You obviously have never attended a surgery. It’s not lack of attention,
> or stupidity of the surgeon. But abdominal operations (that’s where most of
> these cases happen), are messy.
>
> There are lots of organs in the abdominal cavity, that are able to shift
> their positions. It is very easy for a retractor or something to slide
> under something. A scissor and needle driver is usually placed on a
> magnetic mat on the patient, for easy access. But if they slide of
> (easily missed if you’re wearing loupe-glasses), than you won’t find it,
> unless you’re looking for it.
>
> It’s the scrub nurse’s task to keep track of all instruments. By
> counting everything. And a team effort to make sure the patient isn’t
> closed before everything is accounted for. Even so, it happens.
> Fortunately it’s exceedingly rare.
>
> *My note- A good information *
>
> *All the above QA are from Quora website on 12-12-2022**Quora
> answers need not be 100% correct answers .Compiled **and posted by R.
> Gopala Krishnan, former ITS, 79 years, on 12-12-2022*
>
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