Q1      No one will know all; the nuances are unique which is generally not
prevalent in general among the public. The medical terms are as under who
cover the entire diabetic set. How many in the group are diabetics to read
daily the content?.

types of diabetes

*Diabetes is a complicated condition which can take many different forms.
In addition to the more common types of diabetes - type 1
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/types-of-diabetes/type-1>,
type
2
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/types-of-diabetes/type-2>
and gestational
diabetes <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/gestational-diabetes>, there are a
range of other types of diabetes, which are just as important.*

About 2% of people have these other types of *diabetes*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics>. These include different
types of *monogenic diabetes*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news/diabetes-researcher-awarded-prestigious-cbe#monogenic>,
cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, and diabetes caused by rare syndromes.
Certain medications such as steroids and antipsychotics could lead to other
types of diabetes, as well as surgery or hormonal
imbalances. Unfortunately, many of these people are misdiagnosed leading to
delays in getting the right treatment.

We’re proud of the research we have supported to ensure better diagnosis
and treatments for all types of diabetes, and it’s taught us a lot about
the condition. You can find out more information on the different types of
diabetes below:

   - *Type 1 diabetes*
   <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/types-of-diabetes/type-1>
   - *Type 2 diabetes*
   <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/types-of-diabetes/type-2>
   - *Gestational diabetes*
   <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/gestational-diabetes>
   - *Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/mody>
   - *Neonatal diabetes*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/neonatal-diabetes>
   - *Wolfram Syndrome*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/wolfram-syndrome>
   - *Alström Syndrome*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/alstrom-syndrome>
   - *Latent Autoimmune diabetes in Adults (LADA)*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/latent-autoimmune-diabetes>
   - *Type 3c diabetes*
   <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/type-3c-diabetes>
   - *Steroid-induced diabetes*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/steroid-induced-diabetes>
   - *Cystic fibrosis diabetes*
   
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/cystic-fibrosis-diabetes>

*Type 1 diabetes*

Type 1 *diabetes* <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics> is
where your *blood glucose (sugar) level*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/testing>
is
too high because your body can’t make a hormone called *insulin*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/treating-your-diabetes/insulin>
.

This happens because your body attacks the cells in your pancreas that make
the insulin, meaning you can’t produce any at all.

We all need insulin to live. It does an essential job. It allows the
glucose in our blood to enter our cells and fuel our bodies.

When you have type 1 diabetes, your body still breaks down the carbohydrate
from food and drink and turns it into glucose. But when the glucose enters
your bloodstream, there’s no insulin to allow it into your body’s cells.
More and more glucose then builds up in your bloodstream, leading to high
blood sugar levels.

*Type 2 diabetes*

With type 2 *diabetes* <https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics> the
insulin your pancreas makes can’t work properly, or your pancreas can’t
make enough insulin. This means your *blood glucose (sugar) levels*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/testing>
keep
rising.

Around 90% of people with diabetes in the UK have type 2. It is serious
condition and can be lifelong.

Having type 2 diabetes without treatment means that high sugar levels in
your blood can seriously damage parts of your body, including your eyes,
heart and feet. These are called the complications of diabetes. But with
the right treatment and care, you can live well with type 2 diabetes and
reduce your risk of developing them.

*Gestational diabetes*

Gestational diabetes is diabetes that can develop during pregnancy.
It affects women who haven't been affected by diabetes before. It means you
have *high blood suga*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-and-complications>r
and need to take extra care of yourself and your bump. This will
include *eating
well*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/eating-with-diabetes/i-have-gestational-diabetes>
 and *keeping active*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/gestational-diabetes/testing-and-treatment#activity>
.

It usually goes away again after giving birth. It is usually diagnosed from
a blood test 24 to 28 weeks into pregnancy.

*Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)*

MODY is a rare form of diabetes which is different from both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes, and runs strongly in families. MODY is caused by a
mutation (or change) in a single gene. If a parent has this gene mutation,
any child they have, has a 50 per cent chance of inheriting it from them.
If a child does inherit the mutation they will generally go on to develop
MODY before they’re 25, whatever their weight, lifestyle, ethnic group etc.

*Neonatal diabetes*

Neonatal diabetes is a form of diabetes that is diagnosed under the age of
six months. It’s a different type of diabetes than the more common type 1
diabetes as it’s not an autoimmune condition (where the body has destroyed
its insulin producing cells).

*Wolfram Syndrome*

Wolfram Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which is also known as DIDMOAD
syndrome after its four most common features (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes
Mellitus, Optic Atrophy and Deafness).

*Alström Syndrome*

Alström Syndrome is a rare genetically inherited syndrome which has a
number of common features.

*Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)*

LADA is a type of diabetes which seems to straddle type 1 and type 2
diabetes. Bits of it are more like type 1, and other bits are more like
type 2. That's why some people call it type 1.5 diabetes or type 1 ½
diabetes.

It’s not actually classified as a separate type of diabetes at the moment,
but there's some medical research going on to try and pinpoint exactly what
makes it different from type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

*Type 3c diabetes*

Type 3c diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops when another disease
causes damage to the pancreas. The conditions related to type 3c
are pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis or *haemochromatosis*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/related-conditions/haemochromatosis-diabetes>.
You can also develop type 3c if you have part or all of your pancreas
removed because of other damage.

Play

*Steroid-induced diabetes*

Some people who take steroids can go on to develop diabetes. This is known
as steroid-induced diabetes, and is more common in people who are at *higher
risk of type 2 diabetes*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/preventing-type-2-diabetes/diabetes-risk-factors>
.

*Cystic fibrosis diabetes*

Cystic fibrosis diabetes is the most common type of diabetes in people with
cystic fibrosis. Although it has features of both type 1 and type 2, it is
a different condition.

cystic fibrosis diabetes

*Cystic fibrosis diabetes is a type of diabetes most common in people with
cystic fibrosis.*

Although people with cystic fibrosis can develop *type 1*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/type-1-diabetes> or *type 2*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/type-2-diabetes> diabetes, cystic fibrosis
diabetes is a different condition. It is the most common type of diabetes
in people with cystic fibrosis. It has features of both type 1 and type 2,
but there are differences in how it develops and is treated.

On this page, we’ll explain what causes cystic fibrosis diabetes and how to
treat it. And we’ll share advice about where you can go for more
information and support.

*What is cystic fibrosis? *

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that some people are born with. It
is usually diagnosed before you turn one, and is caused by both parents
passing on a faulty CFTR gene.

People with cystic fibrosis produce thick, sticky mucus, which can build up
in the lungs, pancreas and other organs. This can lead to a range of
symptoms, including breathing problems, lung infections and problems with
digesting food.

*What causes cystic fibrosis diabetes?*

The build-up of sticky mucus caused by cystic fibrosis can lead to
inflammation and scarring of the pancreas. This can damage the cells that
produce insulin and lead to *high blood glucose (sugar) levels*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/managing-your-diabetes/testing>
.

As the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin, blood sugar levels may
continue to rise. This is known as cystic fibrosis diabetes.

*Signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis diabetes*

Most cases of cystic fibrosis diabetes are diagnosed before symptoms begin
to develop. That is why having diabetes screening as part of your ongoing
cystic fibrosis care is so important.

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis diabetes may include:

   - getting chest infections more often
   - weight loss
   - feeling really thirsty
   - going to the toilet a lot
   - feeling more tired than usual.

If you begin to experience any of these symptoms, it’s important that you
contact your healthcare team straight away. Don’t wait for your next
routine screening.

If left untreated, high blood sugar levels can lead to weight loss,
frequent chest infections and a worsening lung function. They can also lead
to *diabetes complications*
<https://www.diabetes.org.uk/diabetes-the-basics/other-types-of-diabetes/cystic-fibrosis-diabetes#complications>,
which can seriously affect parts of your body including your eyes, feet and
heart.  KR IRS 301222

 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Q2    Have you not travelled by the ricketty buses of karnataka with
cattles and chickens aboard that too Bangalore to Ragavendra route?.

Q3     Clubs and Thailand are only for the weak sensed persons.

Q4      Unwritten means fragrant violations only when rules are taboo. I
follow a rule to switch off all cells by 9 PM; if some one cannot call you
on a day, why call in the nights?; also known devils will call by LL. Many
middle class all over the world had surrendered the LL; so had to call the
cell only; so had to be kept open.

Q5 & Q8       anything understood?

Q10      Half baked knowledge is too dangerous. There is a virtual term
used in govt AIS . Rules are made separately. Also one shall read that
Maneksha may not lead a war on his own accord; but when called for in the
national interest, he may if he is capable and willing. Recalling at any
time the retirees is part of the Govt gambit. Then no one shall file a case
if he is not qualified. So ranks and positions remain an adjective or noun
depending on the Govt willingness to draw , till his death. A ROSE IS ROSE
IS A ROSE BY WHATEVER NAME CALLED.  tHERE IS NO EX, FORMERLY RETD ETC NEED
TO BE USED AT ALL; A PERSON WHO KNOWS HIS GAE AND DEATH CAN SAY HE IS RETD
AND DEAD AND GONE FINALLY. The conditions of service for AIS are more
rigorous than the others. Many people around may not speak because the
rigour might be viewed against. After all the service binds one's family
also and the problems created by the rest as against the service man itself
shall be considered why the service has a value. Never raise your voice sir
KR IRS 301222




On Thu, 29 Dec 2022 at 18:49, 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty <
[email protected]> wrote:

> *CULTURAL QA 12-2022-30*
>
> *BEING  A COMPILATION THERE MAY  BE ERRORS*
>
> Q1                 Can you explain diabetes in a simple way?
>
> A1                 Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore;
> programmer, shop owner, secretary on newspaper Updated Wed
>
> *You have little hormone-producing areas called Islets of Langerhans
> dotted about your pancreas*. *These produce insulin, a hormone which
> helps your body process sugars*.
>
> *If you don’t have enough insulin then sugars build up in your bloodstream
> and make you more likely to suffer various medical problems* such as
> heart disease, as well as tending to make you *constantly thirsty and
> constantly needing to pee. *Injuries also heal much more slowly if you
> have high blood sugar.
>
> *There are several types.*
>
> Type 1 is a disorder where your immune system attacks your Islets of
> Langerhans and they stop producing insulin, or produce far too little.
> Untreated, *it leads to extreme weight loss and a fairly rapid death.*
> Patients have to take insulin as a supplement in order to survive, but are
> then in danger of their system getting out of kilter and leaving them with
> a sudden sharp drop in blood sugar, which can be fatal if not treated. Too
> little blood sugar can be as dangerous as too much.
>
> Type 2 is where you produce a normal amount of insulin, but your cells
> don’t react to it properly. This can happen as a result of poor diet and
> lack of exercise, or as a rare side effect of some medications. It’s a
> vicious circle, because *being overweight makes you more likely to
> develop Type 2, but having Type 2 makes you more likely to become
> overweight,* as it makes you feel hungry.
>
> *Type 3 with no following letter is sometimes used for* diabetes
> associated with dementia, *but this hasn't been officially recognised.*
>
> *Type 3a refers to genetic defects affecting the* production of insulin
> (other than Type 1, which is an autoimmune disease with a genetic
> component).
>
> *Type 3b is genetic defects affecting the *action* of* insulin.
>
> *Type 3c (aka pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes* *due to damage or
> disease of the pancreas*, and behaves in a similar way to Type 1.
>
> *Type 3d is diabetes due to hormone disorders* (including pregnancy iirc).
>
> *Type 3e is diabetes due to chemicals/drugs* (prescription or otherwise).
>
> *Type 3f is diabetes caused by an infection (other* than of the pancreas).
>
> *Type 3g is diabetes due to immune disorders, other* than Type 1.
>
> *Type 3h is diabetes associated with any other* genetic disorder.
>
> *Type 4 has been proposed for Type 2-style diabetes* occurring in lean
> elderly people as a result of ageing.
>
> *There is also diabetes insipidus, which isn’t an insulin disorder but a
> disorder of fluid regulating hormones, which causes the same constant
> drinking and peeing as sugar-related diabetes*.
>
> *My note- No doctor has so far gone to the different* type 3 except the
> type 3d during pregnancy. *diabetes insipidus is also a new information
> to me.  For the detailed answer, I have added this QA. *
>
> Q2         What makes Karnataka Road Transport bus service a very
> profitable government bus service in India?
>
> A2          Kiran Pratoj, Lives in India (1987–present) Updated 2y
>
> *It's probably because the Incentive model they have designed based on
> Behavioural Psychology:*
>
> Continuous re-inforcement: Driver and conductor each gets 1.5% of the
> total revenue collected for the day, apart from their fixed salary. This is
> unique for any public agency. Hence, staff feel the ownership in their
> activities and buses always run with full capacity.
>
> *Loss Aversion: Driver loses part of his salary and* other benefits for
> the accidents. Hence KSRTC drivers, mostly, are non-aggressive.
>
> *Fixed ratio positive re-inforcement: Staff gets* rewards and bonus for
> particular kms accident free running of Bus.
>
> *Variable ratio negative re-inforcement: Surprise* inspection are
> conducted. If found guilty, conductor could be suspended and debarred from
> the service. Even Inspectors have targets to find certain no.s of guilty
> staffs per month. Hence, conductor is always on high alert to maintain his
> records properly.
>
> Management has got a free hand in running the business, and the Labour
> Union is not strong as compared to Telangana and Kerala.
>
> Overall, all stakeholders, including Passengers, Staff, Govt, are happy
> with the way this organisation is running the show.
>
> KSRTC is a great template for other loss making state agencies to emulate.
>
> *My note-99% of conductors and drivers are very very helpful and
> co-operative as I observed in Bangalore.*
>
> Q3         What are the best things to do in Thailand for a first-time
> visitor?
>
> A3          Mohammad Shahzeb 3h
>
> There are many great things to do in Thailand for a first-time visitor.
> Here are a few suggestions:
>
> Visit the temples: Thailand is home to many beautiful temples, including
> the Wat Pho Temple in Bangkok, which is home to the famous Reclining Buddha.
>
> Explore the markets: Thailand is known for its colorful and vibrant
> markets, where you can find everything from souvenirs and handicrafts to
> local food and clothing.
>
> Go island hopping: There are many beautiful islands to visit in Thailand,
> such as Koh Tao and Koh Phi Phi, which are known for their crystal clear
> waters and white sandy beaches.
>
> Visit national parks: Thailand has many beautiful national parks, such as
> Khao Yai National Park, which is home to a variety of wildlife, including
> elephants, gibbons, and deer.
>
> Try the local cuisine: Thailand is known for its delicious and flavorful
> food, so be sure to try some of the local dishes, such as pad thai and green
> curry.
>
> Take a cooking class: If you're interested in learning more about Thai
> cuisine, consider taking a cooking class, where you can learn how to
> prepare some of the country's most popular dishes.
>
> Q4         What are some unwritten rules that you follow at your home?
>
> A4          Gunjita, Lives in Delhi (2022–present)Dec 20
>
> Chole-chawal on every Saturday.
>
> Phones are not allowed while eating food.
>
> ***Never keep phone near pillow while sleeping ( It's a STRICT order
> because mobile phones emit radiations ).
>
> No use of Tu, Tum, Teri, Tera, Tumhari, Tumhara etc with elders.
>
> Sunday's breakfast should be exciting and easy to cook.
>
> No use of phone after 11 or 12 ( According to parents😆)
>
> Music playing while taking shower.
>
> *No speaking while being in toilet **😂*
>
> Switch off the lights when someone is in toilet ( Siblings’ unwritten rules
> 😆)
>
> Using “JUST ABHI ABHI CHALAYA THA” as a defense when papa caught you using
> a mobile phone😂
>
> No dinner after 9:30 p.m.
>
> *No eggs and no nail cutting on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.*
>
> No hair wash on Thursdays.
>
> Chai 3 times a day☕
>
> No online orders or fast food without permission of parents.
>
> Waking up early on Monday and go to Shiv Temple.
>
> My note- Nowadays emergency calls comes in mobiles than land phones. So
> irrespective of radiation, mobiles are kept for morning alarms, to attend
> emergent calls, not for chit chating
>
> Q5         Is it true that smoking cigars increases testosterone? If so,
> by how much and how long does it last?
>
> A5          Ken Saladin, Always Learning Something New (1949–present)Dec
> 22
>
> *It’s hard to give you a straight answer on this*. I’ve looked only at
> nicotine v. testosterone level—not cigars specifically.
>
> Nicotine raises testosterone level
>
> “Smoking men had 15% higher total and 13% higher free testosterone levels
> compared with men who never smoked.”[1]
>
> *Nicotine reduces testosterone level*
>
> “Present results show that nicotine significantly decreases serum level of
> testosterone, FSH and significantly increase the circulating levels of
> prolactin and LH.”[2]
>
> Footnotes[1] Endogenous testosterone levels and smoking in men. The fifth
> Tromsø study – PubMed
>
> Q6         Why do lasers cut through steel like butter but simply bounce
> off a glass mirror?
>
> A6          Bill Otto, Former Chief Engineer on Several High Energy
> Lasers at U.S. Department of Defense (1995–2010) Updated 3y
>
> That’s a great question.
>
> *We try not to focus a laser beam on a mirror. A lot* of times beams will
> accidentally focus at a mirror or a spot of Arago might occur on a mirror. 
> *The
> usual result is a destroyed mirror.*
>
> There is no question that a good laser mirror absorbs less than a shiny
> piece of steel. But often that is not enough if the laser beam is focused.
>
> *An ordinary glass mirror will practically explode when hit by a focused
> high energy laser beam.*
>
> A highly polished copper mirror will do well with a high energy laser beam
> if the beam is spread out over the mirror and a lot of water is flowing
> through the insides of the mirror to remove heat.
>
> Copper mirror with water fittings.
>
> A very special glass mirror (made of ULE or Zerodur) coated with a thin
> metal layer and a multi-layer dielectric stack specifically designed for
> the laser wavelength may survive a laser if it is not focused but spread
> out over the whole mirror. However, the smallest microscopic imperfection
> in the mirror could cause a damage center which could in milliseconds burn
> through the mirror. The high electric fields in a focused high energy laser
> beam can ionize almost any material in nanoseconds.
>
> Q7         Why does a washing machine need more water pressure than a
> shower head?
>
> A7          Charles Farquhar,Retirement is sweet 1h
>
> *It doesn’t, both need enough to operate properly*. If one isn’t working
> because of low water pressure then you need enough pressure for both to
> work. Anytime the water pressure is too low for the washing machine to work
> you will have too low a pressure for a shower head to give you a good
> shower.
>
> *My note- if water pressure is more, quickly the tank is filled comparing
> to a tap at a higher level. The tap should be just 2-3 inches above the top
> of the washing machine*
>
> Q8         How come there is only one human species on Earth but there
> are thousands of animal species living with us on this planet? Why is it
> like this for all life forms (except for humans)?
>
> A8          Claire Jordan, Degree in biology and folklore; programmer,
> shop owner, secretary on newspaper Sun
>
> *Each species is unique to itself*. There’s only one Homo sapiens, and
> only one yellow-necked mouse, and only one mandrill etc etc.
>
> *Humans are mildly unusual in that we are the only surviving member of our
> genus, so it’s a one-species genus*.
>
> But that’s also true of cheetahs, and Wollemi pines, and capybaras - it’s
> quite a common situation.
>
> Q9         Is the luggage area on airliners pressurized?
>
> A9          Peter Wilma, Dec 21
>
> Yes, the luggage area on airliners is pressurized.
>
> This is necessary to ensure that all of the items stored in the luggage *are
> kept safe and secure during flight.*
>
> *The pressure helps keep any liquids from spilling out or leaking into
> other areas of the plane*, as well as preventing any items from shifting
> around too much due to changes in altitude.
>
> *Additionally, it also helps protect fragile items like electronics and
> gla*ssware from being damaged by sudden drops in cabin pressure.
>
> Q10               What do Field Marshals in the Indian Army do?
>
> A10        Subhankar Karmakar, An Indian, analyst of Cricket, Politics &
> Indic Philosophies Updated 3y
>
> *Here are the things you should know about a Field Marshal.*
>
> The Field Marshal is the highest rank in Indian army. It is a 5 star rank,
> higher than the 4 star General.
>
> The Field Marshal is a ceremonial rank. It has no function in the day to
> day duties of the Indian army. A four star General always becomes the Chief
> of the Army Staff (CoAS) even if there is a Field Marshal.
>
> A Field Marshal never retires. He is counted as a serving officer till his
> death.
>
> *There are only two ways to become a Field Marshal in Indian Army.*
>
> Lead your Army to victory in a major war & get the rank as a token of
> gratitude. All of the appointments of the Field Marshal were in this way
> so far.
>
> *Sam Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of a* Field Marshal as a token of
> Gratitude because he led the Indian Army to victory under his command in
> 1971 war.
>
> *KM Cariappa did the same magic in 1947 war, thus* he too became a Field
> Marshal.
>
> *The another way to become a Field Marshal is actually a wartime need*.
> Suppose, a war is going on. The General's age of retirement is near. Now
> what to do? Changing the top man of your army during an ongoing war can be
> a disaster. *The solution is, promote him to the rank of a Field Marshal
> as a Field Marshal cannot retire*. After the war, transfer the
> administrative responsibilities to the next General. However, there was
> never a need to appoint a Field Marshal in this way.
>
> ****Since the Field Marshal is a lifetime rank, a retired officer cannot
> become a Field Marshal. Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of the Field
> Marshal in 1973, just before his retirement. In case of Cariappa though, he
> was already retired a long ago, thus he could not be made a Field Marshal
> according to protocols. But Govt. of India overruled this protocol to give
> Cariappa his due respect & he was made a Field Marshal in 1986.
>
> *The Navy & Air Force equivalents of Field Marshal are Admiral of the
> Fleet & Marshal of the Air Force respectively*. There was never a
> promotion to the Admiral of the Fleet, however, there was a promotion to
> the Marshal of the Air Force. Arjan Singh got the privilege as a token of
> gratitude as he led the Air Force to victory under his command in 1965 war.
>
> *The best way to identify a Marshal is his baton, known as the Marshal's
> Baton. It is a golden bar with some added decorations on its head*. The
> Marshal's Baton reflects the honour & prestige of this rank. In case of
> Indian Military, the Marshal's Baton is typically made with a golden bar,
> having the Ashoka Stambha as its decorative head.
>
> *My note- Kindly note the ** item. Field Marshel is a* rank which he can
> hold in his life time. But he cannot lead a war.  If field Marshel is so,
> what about IAS/ITS. After retirement *only former IAS or former ITS.  *
>
> One of our group members Mr Rajaram Krishnamurthy  still use IRS after
> retirement without adding former. He only can explain why it is so? It
> will be enlightening to all.
>
> Q11               Can you install an under mount kitchen sink without
> removing the counter top over it?
>
> A11        Gopala Krishnan, Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004 at
> Department of Telecom (1966–2004) Just now
>
> *Yes is the answer*. I am writing from Chennai, India. I have two
> stainless steel kitchen sinks one installed in Kitchen and another in work
> area. *The counter top was planned in such a way the R C C was made
> providing space for sink*.
>
> *The granite slabs were cut and provided in such a way after sinks were
> installed leaving no space in work area.*
>
> *In kitchen since table had more width, to adjust **granite strip was
> pasted on width side.*
>
> Recently I had been to a nearby shop selling granite slabs. I wanted a
> piece of 1’x1’ to cover an inspection area of PVC pipes leading to sock
> pit. *Within 5 minutes in my presence they cut the size from a granite
> piece and provided a handle also as extension in one side to easily handle
> it*. Just they poured a little water and cut the size marking it using an
> electric *cutter just like cutting butter with a knife.*
>
> I wrote the incident, to mention cutting granite is very easy now. Total
> they charged just 150–00 rupees only. So in India cutting granite top to
> proper size is very easy.
>
> *All the above QA are from  Quora  website  on   29-12- 2022.*
>
> *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .*
>
> *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan on 30-12-2022*
>
>
>
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