CULTURAL QA 07-2023-25 Q1 Indian Railway now charges Rs. 60 foran automatic cancelled waitlist ticket. Is it fair? Why does nobody complainagainst it? Why do we pay 60 for not getting a seat?
A1 Saurabh Bhardwaj, Former Senior DesignEngineer at Cyient Hyderabad (2015–2020)Jun 6 Generally we haveseen long waiting list during festivals and vacations. Some persons are booked tickets when ticketwindow open means 120 days before traveling date. Due to this, normalperson are not getting tickets when they required. These persons may book tickets that ticket counterwhere the tickets are issued probably lesser. They got ticketswith less time and sell to us higher rate. So to stop this, Indian railway charge 60 rupees.Previously it was less now increasing. Indian railway may take other stepswhich will be helpful for passenger. If Indian railway will not make any charges, the ticketscancellation will increase. WhenIndian railway upgrade ticket from sleeper to 3 tier AC, 3 tier AC to 2 tierAC. We will never pay to Indian railway difference. That time we are happy thatour seat have upgraded. Whenever Indianrailway do something for passenger it'salways beneficial for passenger. My note- Probablyagency booking without any details are told. Railway mayannounce booking only before a month. However charging Rs 60-00 forcancellation of waiting list ticket is TOO MUCH. I have corrected the language at many places. I could notthink, it is the language of a senior design engineer.(?) Q2 Why is the centre of the earth still sohot? Q2 T. Barczuk, Studied at GdanskUniversity of Technology Updated Jul 17 The center of theEarth is extremely hot. It can reach 5000 C/9000 F.Why is there such a difference between the temperature on the surface and thetemperature deep inside? Our solar system formed from a gravitational collapse ofa gas cloud that a supernova explosion might have triggered.As the matter was contracting, it spun. This compressed the matter to a muchsmaller volume of our Sun. This compression heating started nuclear fusion in our star, whichcontinues to this day. The remaining gas cloud was infalling into Sun and flattened to form adisk. Similar to what happens in the bathtub when water flows away.Small perturbations in the density of tiny particles made the disk fragment andcaused larger and larger objects to clump together. This is how planets formed.Much heat in the centerof our world comes from compression heating, just like in the Sun but on asmaller scale. The second source of this heat is radioactive elementslike potassium, uranium, and thorium, which have been decaying ever since ourplanet formed. This contributed more in thebeginning. It has already been 4.5 billion years, and some of these radioactiveelements have decayed by now. Additionally, there is heating caused by friction between denser partsof our planet's interior and less dense parts as they sink deeper. If our planetweren't as big as it is, this heat would have gone into space by now and madeEarth geologically inactive. The volcanos would cease to spew magma, and the metalliccore of our planet would stop spinning, which would result in our planet'smagnetic field going down. It would expose the surfacelife to increaseddanger from radiation from space if life on the surface existed in this case. Q3 Why aren't we seeing Chinese-madeplanes flying around yet? A3 Vishnu Ravi,Aerospace Engineer |Aviation Enthusiast & Content Creator22h Unlock the skieswith the potential of Chinese-made planes! The remarkable Comac C919, China's first large homegrownpassenger jet, soared into the skies with its maiden commercial flight in June2023. While it proudly carries the Chinese spirit, it's important tonote that some of itscomponents come from foreign suppliers, mainly from North America and Europe.Experts reveal that the proportion of imported parts is significantly higherthan the 40% claimed by Chinese state media, which adds to the globalcollaboration and excellence of this aircraft. However, there area few reasons why these Chinese-made planes are yet to unleash their fullpotential: Vertical Integration: The airframe production reliesheavily on Chinese suppliers, embracing a strategic approach. This intricatecollaboration showcases China's determination to develop a comprehensiveaviation ecosystem. Profitability: Pre-pandemic, flights to China weren'talways financially lucrative, and Chinese airlines operated flights to the U.S.with less frequency. Now, the dynamic market conditions offer fresh opportunitiesfor profitable expansion. COVID-19 Restrictions: The unprecedentedchallenges of the pandemic led to strict travel restrictions between China andthe U.S., impacting the frequency of flights. As the world recovers, the skiesare opening up again, presenting a fresh window of opportunity. Airspace Restrictions: In the aftermath of Russia'sterritorial actions, European airlines adjusted their routes, making lengthydetours to avoid its airspace. This, in turn, gives an edge to Asian carrierswho can still utilize Russian airspace for long-haul flights, creating atemporary advantage. As the aviation landscape evolves, Chinese-made planes holdimmense promise, and collaboration among globalpartners can propel them to new heights. Embracing innovation and adapting tothe evolving market demands, the sky's the limit for these impressive aircraft.Get ready to embark on a journey of seamless travel with the Comac C919 andother future marvels! Q4 Do airliners fly over the Himalayas? A4 Vishnu Ravi,Aerospace Engineer |Aviation Enthusiast & Content Creator23h Discover the allureand excitement of traversing the majestic Himalayas, a route that only the boldest airlines dare toundertake. While some modern airplanes possess the technical prowessto conquer these soaring peaks, most commercial airlines shy away from this adventure due to safetyconcerns. Extending over an astounding 2,300 kilometers withelevations reaching a staggering 6,000 meters, the Himalayas present a formidable challenge.Everest, standing tall at 8,848 meters, commands respect and admiration, butalso caution. The Himalayanregion demands a certain level of expertise, as commercial airlines arerestricted from flying below FL310 in this vicinity, eliminating several aircrafttypes from long-haul possibilities. The altitude required for passage over the Himalayasbecomes a crucial factor, discouraging many airlines from embracing thisextraordinary journey. Beyond the physical limitations, potentialflying hazards in this region raise additional apprehensions, dissuadingairlines from opting for this route. One of the primary concerns lies in the event of anemergency. Pilots face extraordinary constraints andlimited options amidst these towering peaks. The scarcity of flat surfacescompounds the challenge, making emergency landings a daring feat. Despite thesedaunting factors, some airlines, especially Chinese carriers, dare to embark onthis thrilling aerial odyssey. Additionally, there are select domestic flightswithin Nepal that traverse the high Himalayas, adding to the mystique of thisbreath taking route. Step into the world of intrepid travelers and daringpilots as they venture over the awe-inspiring Himalayas, a journey thatpromises both unparalleled beauty and unwavering vigilance. Though not for thefaint of heart, this adventure remains a testament to human ingenuity andcourage. Join the ranks of those who embrace the extraordinary and experiencethe magnificence of the Himalayas from a perspective few will ever know. Q5 Could there be world changingarcheological discoveries waiting to be made underneath the sands of the SaharaDesert? A5 Euterpe Muse,16h Absolutely.The Sahara Desert is a vast and ancient landscape that has been home to humansfor thousands of years. As the desert has expanded andcontracted over time, it has buried countless settlements, artifacts, and evenentire civilizations. In recent years,archaeologists have made some remarkable discoveries, including the remains ofancient cities, temples, and even pyramids. These discoverieseven have the potential to change our understanding of the world. For example, in2007, archaeologists discovered the ruins of a massive city in the Sahara thatwas once home to over 20,000 people. Stone Age massgraves reveal green Sahara Sahara desert waslush and people thrived 10,000 years ago – before the climate changed for theworse https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14536-stone-age-mass-graves-reveal-green-sahara/ This city, knownas Gobero, was built around 5,000 years ago and thrived for over 2,000 years.This discovery challenged the long-held belief that the Sahara was always adesert. The region was once much more hospitable to human life, and it raisedthe possibility that other lost cities may still be buried beneath the sands. In 2018, archaeologists discovered a group of 500 ancientrock art paintings in the Sahara. Thesepaintings depict a wide variety of animals, including elephants, giraffes, andlions. They also show humans hunting and gathering, basically telling us howearly humans were living in the Sahara thousands of years ago. Chariots In TheSahara A number of sitesfrom this Collection are located in the Libyan Desert, notably the Fezzanregion, and include paintings of chariots in a variety offorms dating to the Horse Period, from up to 3,000 years ago. This has stimulatedsome interesting questions about the use of chariots in what appears to be sucha seemingly inappropriate environment for a wheeled vehicle, as well as thenature of representation. WHY were chariots used in the desert ways?The chariot has been one of the great empoweringinnovations of history. It likely originated in Mesopotamia about 3000 BC due toadvances in metallurgy during the Bronze Age, and has served as a primary meansof transport until quite recently in the historical period across Africa,Eurasia and Europe. Chariots provided rapid and efficient transport, and wereideal for the battlefield as the design provided a raised firing platform forarchers . As a result the chariot became the principal war machinefrom the Egyptians through to the Romans; and the Chinese, who owned an army of10,000 chariots. Indeed, our use of the word car is a derivative of theLatin word carrus, meaning ‘a chariot of war or of triumph’.The chariot in the Sahara was probably introduced by the Garamantes, a culturalgroup thought to be descended from Berbers and Saharan pastoralists. There is little textualinformation about the Garamantes, documentation comes mainly from Greek andRoman sources. Herodotusdescribed them as ‘a very great nation’. Recent archaeological research hasshown that the Garamantes established about eight major towns as well asnumerous other settlements, and were ‘brilliant farmers, resourceful engineers,and enterprising merchants’. The success of the Garamanteswas based on their subterranean water-extraction system, a network ofunderground tunnels, allowing the Garamantian culture to flourish in anincreasingly arid environment, resulting in population expansion, urbanisation,and conquest. On average there are about 500 drawings of chariotsacross the Sahara, from the Fezzan in Libya through the Aïr of Niger intonorthern Mali and then westward to the Atlantic coast; but not all wereproduced by the Garamantes. It is still not certain that chariots were drivenalong the routes where their depictions occur; remains of chariots have neverbeen found west of the Fezzan. However, the Fezzan states were thriving trade routes and chariots arelikely to have been used to transport salt, cloth, beads and metal goods inexchange for gold, ivory and slaves. The widespread occurrence ofchariot imagery on Saharan rock outcrops has led to the proposition of ‘chariotroutes’ linking North and West Africa. However, these vehicles were not suitedfor long-distance transport across desert terrain; more localised use isprobable, conducted through middlemen who were aware of the trade routesthrough the desert landscape. Additionally, the horse at this time was a p https://africanrockart.britishmuseum.org/thematic/chariots-in-the-sahara/ These are just afew examples, As archaeologists continue to explore this vast andancient landscape, they are likely to make many more discoveries that willexpand our knowledge. The Sahara Desert is a vast andmysterious place, and it is likely to hold many more secrets for archaeologiststo uncover. I am excited to see what new discoveries are made in the years tocome… All the above QA are from Quora website on 25-07- 2023. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled andposted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 25-07-2023 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/682197137.3514150.1690295905626%40mail.yahoo.com.
