CULTURAL QA 08-2023-6 Q1 Doairplanes need to rest after each flight?
A1 Vishnu Ravi,Aerospace Engineer |Aviation Enthusiast & Content Creator23h In the dynamicworld of aviation, airplanes exhibit an impressive feat – they transcend the need for restbetween flights.However, this doesn't diminish the essentiality of meticulous maintenance,strategic refueling, and the vital cooldown period for their brakes. The interlude between flights isaptly named the turnaround process, a meticulously choreographedsymphony of activities encompassing thorough cleaning, comprehensive servicing,diligent inspections, efficient refuelling, and meticulous resupplying of theaircraft's essentials. It's a realm bound by time pressure, where airlinesorchestrate a symphony of efficiency to curtail ground time and, in turn,amplify airborne moments. Embarking on the journey of each flight, pilots embark ona pre-flight inspection and a meticulous two-hour refuelling ritual. Post-flight, an additional hour is invested in meticulouslytending to the aircraft, ensuring its readiness for the next adventure. In cases of fuel stops, an hour extends to cater to this need.The crew, an integral component of this aerial ballet, dedicates an hour totheir own post-flight routines, which amplifies in the presence of fuel stops. Adhering to the illustrious24/10 rule, the crew's flying time is optimally managed, with a ten-hour cap withina 24-hour period. A captivating facet exists in the hands of thecaptain, who possesses the prerogative to extend the shift by an additionalthree hours. However, thecaptain's wisdom ensures a delicate balance – surpassing this extension beckonsthe aircraft to gracefully touch down. Q2 Howceiling fan works? A2 Shubham Dandwate, My Project6y Induction motors Vs BLDC motors: The technology explained A few years back there was a major transition fromincandescent bulbs to LED due to the huge reduction in power consumptionachieved by LEDs. It was just notanother technology but a revolution in the industry because the same amount oflumens could be achieved with very less power consumption. The ceiling fan industry is also in thecusp of such a transition. BLDC is the new revolution in the fan industry.And it is only a matter of time before all old inefficient induction motor fanswill be replaced by smart super efficient BLDC fans. BLDC technology has been in the market for many years nowand it is widely used in industries where high torque motors are required. What was missing so far is its application inceiling fans. But, this is rapidly changing as of today. Here, we throw somelight on the difference in working of an ordinary induction motor fan ascompared to a brushless DC fan. Induction Motor Fan( How it works?) An induction fancomposes of two main components responsible for rotating motion of the fan: 1. Stator 2. Rotor An inductionfan has coils/Windings on Stator and Rotor. An Electric flux is generatedwhen you pass current through the stator winding. This current flows throughthe coil depending on the arrangement of the stator. Everything isdone in a sequence to make arotational moment by creating a magnetic field. The conduction of currentthrough the coils in rotor causes the motor to rotate. The speed of an induction fan is controlled by a regulator,which are of two types: 1. Resistance Based: In this, the regulator theresistance is varied to adjust the amount of voltage going to the fan. Theseregulators are highly inefficient because a lot of heat is dissipated due toresistance resulting in power losses. 2. The modern regulator is basically an on/offdevice that constantly keeps chopping the voltage so as to change the speed ofthe fan. My note- Thistype of fans are there in most homes and will continue at leastfor a decade. Most shops sell this type of fans,since they are less costlier than BLDC Fans BLDC Fan( How it works?) A BLDC fan takes in AC voltage and internally converts itinto DC using SMPS. The main difference between BLDC and ordinary DC fans isthe commutation method. A commutation is basicallythe technique of changing the direction of current in the motor for therotational movement. In a BLDC motor, asthere are no brushes so the commutation is done by the driving algorithm in theElectronics. The main advantage is that over a period of time, due tomechanical contact in a brushed motor the commutators can undergo wear andtear, this thing is eliminated in BLDC Motor making the motor more rugged forlong-term use. To explain, BLDC technology in simpler terms, BLDC uses a combination of Permanent Magnets and Electronics to achieve the kind of efficiency and performance it delivers. A BLDC fan composes of 3 main components: 1. Stator 2. Rotor 3.Electronics. The assembly of themotor can be explained in the following images: Fig.1 – Electronics Fig.2 – Stator-Rotor Assembly Theelectronics contains a driving algorithm which drives the BLDC motor.As discussed earlier in a BLDC motor the position of magnets inthe fan is sensed by electronics that either uses a Hall effect sensor or back EMF. ModernBLDC motors use Back EMF for commutation due to proven disadvantages of halleffect sensor over period of time. To explain it in easier terms, we can take an example ofa donkey who has a carrot fixed over his head as per shown in the picturebelow: Consider the Stator to be the Carrot and the donkey to bethe Magnets. The polarity of the stator will keep changing, due toattraction the magnets will create rotational moment, just like how thedonkey tries hard to reach the carrot in the picture. To increase thetorque of the motor, modern motors excite the other 2 phases too to createrepulsion hence increasing the torque of the motor. Permanentmagnets used in rotor are responsible for mass reduction in power consumptioncompared to windings used in the stator in an ordinary induction fan. One added advantage in a BLDC fans due touse of an electronic circuit is that you can add several additional features toincrease convenience, few example of the same are sleep mode, timer mode alsoit is compatible with Home automation systems. Most of the BLDCCeiling fans are operated by remote unlike traditional regulator reducing thepurchase cost of regulator. Compared toregular induction fan, a BLDC fan can save upto Rs 1000-1500/ Year/fan. And because thereis no heating of the motor, the life of a BLDC fan is also expected to be muchhigher than ordinary fans. My note- Anyelectronic circuit can fail at any time and unit replacement is required justlike electronics technician replace TVparts. The differencebetween old type fan and BLDC fan is in the rotar circuit in which an electronic circuit pack and two permanentmagnets are used. Rotor moves due to the pulling of magnets.AC is transferred to DC by the electronics unit. Additional facilities like light, remote control etc. Q3 Whatis the best food to unclog arteries? A3 Dr Chakweva, Dedicated & Determined - Visit my Bio17h Eating foods thatare good for your heart and arteries are essential for maintaining your overallhealth. Uncloggingarteries is an important step in preventing heart disease andultimately living a longer and healthier life. So what are the best foods to unclogarteries? Firstly, it'simportant to start by eating a healthy and balanced diet. This means avoiding processed foods and consuming mostly wholefoods like fruits and vegetables. Eating nuts, seeds, and legumes can alsoprovide you with essential nutrients and help to reduce cholesterol levels. Omega-3 fatty acids are a key nutrient for uncloggingarteries. They are found in hemp seeds, walnuts, andsome fortified plant-based milk. Omega-3 fatty acids help to reduce inflammation, lower cholesterollevels, and reduce the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries. Fibre is another important nutrient for maintaining ahealthy heart. Soluble fibre has been shown to reducecholesterol levels, and it can be found in oats, oat bran, beans, lentils,nuts, and apples. Garlic and onions are great for unclogging arteriesbecause they contain compounds that help reduce inflammation,lower cholesterol levels, and support healthy blood circulation. Finally, foods that are high in vitamins and minerals canalso help keep your arteries clean. Avocados, nuts,seeds, and citrus fruits are all excellent sources of vitamins and mineralsthat can boost the body's defences against plaque buildup. In short, by including a variety of foods that are highin protein, fibre, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, you can maintain ahealthy heart and support a healthy supply ofoxygenated blood to your organs. Eating regular meals that are nutrient-dense canhelp unclog arteries and keep your heart healthy. Q4 Whatare some of the most mind-blowing facts? A4 Ian O'Grady, Studied TV and FilmProduction Wed In the 18th Century, it was fashionable for wealthyEuropeans to have their own personal Dwarfs. Theywould perform for their amusement and be given as gifts. A small price to payfor entertainment. The Ancient Chinese practised foot binding onyoung girls, which involved breaking their toes and bending their feet to makethem smaller and more attractive. In 1866, Liechtenstein sent out an army of 80 men toparticipate in the Austro-Prussian War. They came back with 81 men, suffering no casualties andhaving made one friend. The Ancient Greeksused to exercise in the nude and the word Gymnasium actually means, “A place toexercise naked,” in Greek. In 1325, tworival Italian city states, Bologna and Moderna went to war over a stolenbucket. Between 1913 to1915, people could mail babies via the US postal service.(Authority not checked) Ancient Thebes onceassembled an elite military force consisting of 150 pairs of male gay lovers.They went undefeated in war for years. Pineapples In the 18th century, used to be rented as symbolof wealth and power. People would rent them for asingle night just to show off to fellow partygoers. Ancient Rome was 8 times more densely populatedthen modern New York. The Austrian army once mistakenly attacked and foughtagainst themselves during the battle of Caransebes.The confusion led to hundreds of casualties. Diarrhea was so widespread and common that inthe 19th century, people would develop opium habits, because opium made youconstipated. Q5 Howdo I increase the pH level of water? A5 INDRA ADHIKARY, Lecturer in Chemistryat Tilottama Higher Secondary School of Science, Chatiguda (2021–present)28m Toincrease the pH level of water, you can add alkalinesubstances such as baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) or lime (calciumhydroxide). Remember to add them slowly and test the pH regularly to avoidovershooting the desired level. My note- The purpose of increasing Ph value is notunderstood. Normally we decrease the ph value by ROS system/ Q6 Whyis Earth's size uniquely related to its location in space? A6 Silk Road, AI Expert18h It's just right forlife as we know it. Not too big, not too small, not too hot, not too cold, justperfect. You see, Earth is in what scientists call the"Goldilocks zone" of the solar system,which means it's at the right distance from the Sun to have liquid water on itssurface. Liquid water is essential for life,because it dissolves nutrients, transports materials, and regulatestemperature. Without liquid water, life would be very boring and dry.( Note- impossible- I think) But Earth's sizealso matters, because it affects how much gravity it has. Gravity is the force that pulls everything towards thecenter of the planet. The more mass a planet has, the more gravity it has. And the more gravity a planet has, the more atmosphere itcan hold. The atmosphere is the layer of gases thatsurrounds the planet and protects it from harmful radiation and meteoroids. The atmosphere also helps regulate the climate and weatherby trapping heat and distributing moisture. So, if Earthwere much bigger than it is, it would have more gravity and more atmosphere. That might soundnice, but it would also mean that the air pressure would be much higher at thesurface, making it hard to breathe. And the greenhouseeffect would be much stronger, making the planet too hot for life. Now, if Earth weremuch smaller than it is, it would have less gravity and less atmosphere. That might sound cool, but it would also mean that theair pressure would be much lower at the surface, making it hard to breathe.And the greenhouse effect would be much weaker, makingthe planet too cold for life. Q7 Whyhasn't flight school become cheaper if there is such a shortage of pilots? A7 Annu Pal,7h The shortage of pilots was an issue, but it’s essential toconsider various factors that influence the cost of flight school and the pilotshortage: Training Infrastructure: Flight schools requiresignificant investments in infrastructure, aircraft, and qualified instructors.The initial costs for establishing and maintaining a flight school can be high,and these expenses can contribute to the overall cost of training. Regulation and Safety Standards: Aviation is ahighly regulated industry, and flight schools must comply with rigorous safetystandards. Meeting these standards often involves additional costs, which maybe reflected in the training fees. Insurance Costs: Aviation insurance can beexpensive due to the inherent risks associated with flying. Flight schools needto maintain adequate insurance coverage, which can add to the overall cost oftraining. Fuel Prices: Fuel costs are a significant factor inaviation expenses. The price of aviation fuel can fluctuate, affecting the costof flight training. Technology and Aircraft Upgrades: Training withmodern, well-equipped aircraft is essential for producing skilled pilots.Keeping aircraft updated with the latest technology can incur expenses. Instructor Pay: Qualified flight instructors typicallyhave significant flight experience and certifications. Payingcompetitive salaries to attract and retain experienced instructors can contribute to theoverall cost. Economic Factors: The state of the economy caninfluence the cost of flight training. During periods of economic downturn,demand for air travel may decrease, leading to financial challenges for flightschools. Training Duration: Becoming a pilot requirescomprehensive training, which takes time and resources. Theduration of the training affects the overall cost. Whilethere is a pilot shortage, it doesn’t necessarily translate to cheaper flighttraining.The demand for pilot might increase, but the factors mention above, amongothers, can still keep the cost of flight training relatively high. All the above QA are from Quora website on 06-08- 2023. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers . Compiled and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 06-08-2023 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/2129273368.308167.1691334906320%40mail.yahoo.com.
