Q1 So we need not think about sulphur content of petroleum and corrosion of engine on variation but can we use all sundries? News came in paper: India adopted Euro-III equivalent (or Bharat Stage-III) fuel with a sulphur content of 350 ppm in 2010 and then took seven years to move to BS-IV that had a sulphur content of 50 ppm. From BS-IV to BS-VI it took just three years. "It was a conscious decision to leapfrog to BS-VI as first upgrading to BS-V and then shifting to BS-VI would have prolonged the journey to 4 to 6 years. Besides, oil refineries, as well as a .. I say always think before ink. Q2 Granite originates by solidification and cooling of Magma deep within the earth over a period of millions of years. It is classified as an igneous rock because of its origin from the cooling down of molten Magma. During the process of heating and then slow cooling, granite forms as an exceedingly hard material. Granite consists of mainly Feldspar, Quartz which are very hard minerals. Granite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Granite easily resists scratches and damage from heat, making it an ideal material for kitchen counters both inside the home and outside. Granite counters will not scuff or discolour from everyday household activities. The extreme density of granite makes it capable of resisting virtually all stains from foods and liquids. Even acidic liquids like vinegar will not permeate granite as long as you maintain an effective sealant barrier on the granite.
Marble is classified as metamorphic stone because it is created by the transformation of another type of stone called sedimentary stone. Sedimentary rocks form from sediments in the earth combined with buried plant life under the earth over a long period of time. These sedimentary rocks get metamorphosed into marble under intense heat and pressure. This process incorporates other minerals into the marble that can give the stone attractive colors. So basically, Marble originates as limestone and transforms into marble. Marble mainly consists of Calcium Carbonate which is much softer than the components of granite. Marble has a hardness of 3 to 5 on Mohs scale. Marble lacks the same durability as granite and it will suffer damage from common kitchen tasks such as cutting. Contact with hot pans and dishes may also damage marble. As a surface, marble is a more suitable choice for low-traffic spots such as bathroom vanities, fireplace surrounds and decorative accents. The metamorphic attributes of marble results in a more porous material. The porosity of marble will result in absorption of some materials upon contact. Since granite countertops have inherent stain resisting properties, they need less frequent sealer application than marble materials. Now cost is a factor and hence in high traffic area like railway stations, granite is considered, but in airports, Marble is used. See Chennai airport. Q5 *“To Sardar Patel, but for whom mine eyes would not have seen the shine of Somnath rise again”.* This is how K.M.Munshi <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi> dedicates his book, *“Somanatha -The Shrine Eternal”*, to Sardar Patel. The book recounts the fascinating Somnath temple story and the Somnath temple history. One of the greatest temples <https://imvoyager.com/temples-in-thanjavur-guide-temples-of-tanjore/> that have survived the march of time. The dedication of Munshi’s book to Sardar Patel speaks volumes of the importance of the Somnath Temple to India as well as the role played by Sardar Patel <https://statueofunity.in/life-of-sardar-patel/> and of course K.M.Munshi himself in rebuilding the Somnath temple that lay in ruins after India’s independence. The Somnath temple is said to have been destroyed no less than 17 times and still stands tall and mighty today while its marauders have bitten the dust and lie in some obscure corner of the world. Why is the Somnath temple so important? Who built Somnath temple? Why was it destroyed so many times and rebuilt again and again? Why does it occupy a unique position among the temples of India? What is the significance of this Shiva Temple <https://imvoyager.com/patal-bhuvaneshwar-cave-temple-uttarakhand/> and how is it different from other Shiva temples like those in Gokarna <https://imvoyager.com/gokarna-beach-trek-best-beaches-in-gokarna/>, Varanasi <https://imvoyager.com/varanasi/>, etc.? To find answers to these and many other questions one needs to delve deep into the Somnath temple history which in many ways is also the history of the land, of India itself. The Somnath story starts from the time of creation itself according to mythology. It all started with the Moon <https://imvoyager.com/incredible-trip-moon-back/> God being cursed by his father-in-law, Daksha. Read on to know more about the Somnath story as we delve deep into the Somnath temple history, myths, and lesser-known facts about the Somnath temple. *Somnath Story | Somnath Temple History – The Ultimate Saga of Resilience* Somnath Temple The triangular flag flutters in the breeze that blows across from the Arabian Sea. Seagulls fly above the blue waters. Devotees wait patiently in a queue for the much-awaited Somnath Darshan. A family poses in front of the imposing Somnath Temple for a picture. The sun is setting behind the temple in a blaze of orange, its rays making kaleidoscopic patterns on the rising and ebbing waters of the sea. A mother runs playfully as her toddler waddles behind her. The Somnath temple seems to be covered in an aura of peace and tranquility. This oasis of serenity was not always peaceful. Its peace had been ruptured and its sanctity violated repeatedly across time by invading marauders drawn by its riches and the fact that it symbolized faith, a faith that was alien to them and about which they had no inkling. Today, the Somnath temple is much bigger than its physical form. It is a standing monument to the faith and undying determination of the people who have inhabited the region from the beginning of time itself. *The Myths And Legend of Somnath – The Somnath Story | Somnath Temple History* The Somnath temple is shrouded in an incredible aura of myths and legends. To understand the Somnath story one needs to dive deep into the mythology of the Somnath temple. The Somnath temple story starts with the partiality of Chandra (the Moon God) to Rohini, one of his 27 wives who were all daughters of Daksha Prajapati, the son of Brahma <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma>. The sisters of Rohini were jealous of the extra attention that Rohini received and complained of this to their father. In spite of a warning, the Moon did not mend his ways and the angered Daksha Prajapati cursed him, because of which the Moon lost his lustre. Alarmed with the curse of Daksha Prajapati, the Moon rushed to Prajapati Brahma, the creator of the World. Brahma advised him to visit Prabhas Teerth, bathe in the Triveni Sangam where the rivers Hiran, Saraswati, and Kapila meet and worship Lord Shiva there. The Moon did as he was advised and was relieved of his curse. As a token of gratitude he built a temple in Gold to honor Lord Shiva and the temple came to be known as Somnath. Interpretations from the Puranas say that the Moon had built a golden temple and entrusted the worship and upkeep of the temple to the Sompura Brahmins whom he had created specifically to do Yajnas and other ceremonial worship to Lord Shiva during the prathishta or installation ceremony of the temple. Even today there lives in Somnath a community of Sompura Brahmins who trace their ancestry to the moon. In fact, when the Somnath Temple was rebuilt after Independence, the masons and artists who gave shape to it were from the Sompura Salat community, a branch of the Sompura Brahmin community known for their architectural and artistic skills. Legend has it that ages after the Moon God built the temple of God, Ravana built a temple in silver, and later in the Dwapara Yuga Shree Krishna had a temple of wood built at Somnath. As per the information on the website of the Somnath Trust, it is believed that the first Somnath Temple was built during the tenth Treta Yug of the Vaivswat Manvantar and calculate this to be some 7,99,25,105 years ago. *Somnath Story | Somnath Jyotirlinga Story – Somnath Temple History* Somnath Story Are you a person who is fascinated by history and would like to delve deep into the Somnath story and the history of Somnath temple? If yes, we recommend the book, “Somanatha – The Shrine Eternal <https://imvoyager.com/CAmazonSomanathaBook>“. In terms of Somnath temple history, the main sources of information seem to be the writings of Persian and Arabic travellers. one of the accounts of the Somnath Temple is found in the writings of a 13th century Persian Geographer and traveller named *Zakariya al-Qazwini. *Below is an excerpt said to be from his book in Arabic titled, “Wonders of Creation”. ‘Somnath is a celebrated city of India, situated on the shore of the sea and washed by its waves. Among the wonders of the place was the temple in which was placed the idol called Somnath. This idol was in the middle of the temple without anything to support it from below, or to suspend it from above. It was regarded with great veneration by the Hindus, and whoever beheld it floating in the air was struck with amazement, whether he was a Mussulman or an infidel. The Hindus used to go on pilgrimage to it whenever there was an eclipse of the moon, and would then assemble there to the number of more than a hundred thousand. They believed that the souls of men used to meet there after separation from the body and that the idol used, at its pleasure, to incorporate them in other bodies, in accordance with their doctrine of transmigration. The ebb and flow of the tide were considered to be the worship paid to the idol by the sea. ‘Everything that was most precious was brought there as offerings, and the temple was endowed with the taxes gathered from more than ten thousand villages. There is a river, the Ganges, which is held sacred, between which and Somnath the distance is two hundred parasangs. They used to bring the water of this river to Somnath every day, and wash the temple with it. A thousand Brahmans were employed in worshipping the idol and attending on the visitors, and five hundred damsels sang and danced at the door – all these were maintained upon the endowments of the temple. The edifice was built upon fifty-six pillars of teak, covered with lead. The shrine of tile idol was dark but was lighted by jewelled chandeliers of great value. Near it was a chain of gold weighing two hundred mans. When a portion, or watch, of the night, closed, this chain used to be shaken like bells to rouse a fresh lot of Brahmans to perform worship. ‘When Sultan Mahmud, the son of Sabuktagin, went to wage a religious war against India, he made great efforts to capture and destroy Somnath, in the hope that the Hindus would then become Mohammedans. He arrived there in the middle of Zu-l-ka’da, 416 A. H. (December 1025 A.D.). The Indians made a desperate resistance. They kept going into the temple weeping and crying for help, and then they issued forth to battle and kept fighting till all were killed. The number of the slain exceeded fifty thousand. The king looked upon the idol with wonder and gave orders for the seizing of the spoil and the appropriation of the treasures. There were many idols of gold and silver, and countless vessels set with jewels, all of which had been sent there by the greatest personages in India. The value of the things found in the temples of the idols exceeded twenty thousand thousand dinars. When the king asked his companions what they had to say about the marvel of the idol, and of its staying in the air without prop or support, several maintained that it was upheld by some hidden support. The king directed a person to go and feel all around and above and below it with a spear, which he did, but met with no obstacle. One of the attendants then stated his opinion that the canopy was made of loadstone, and the idol of iron, and that the ingenious builder had skilfully contrived that the magnet should not exercise a greater force on any one side – hence the idol was suspended in the middle. Some inclined toward this explanation, others differed from it. Permission was obtained from the Sultan to remove some stones from the top of the canopy to settle the point. When two stones were removed from the summit, the idol swerved on one side; when more were taken away, it inclined still further, until at last, it rested on the ground.’ This is one account of the destruction of the Somnath Temple by Mahmud of Ghazni <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni>. Even before the destruction of the Somnath Temple by Mahmud Ghazni, the earlier version of the temple built by the Yadavas is said to have been destroyed by an Arab Governor named Al-Junayd. and after that, a red-sandstone temple was erected in its place by Nagabhata-II from the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty. After the Somnath Temple was desecrated and destroyed by Mahmud Ghazni, it was again built by King Bhima I who belonged to the Chalukyas of Gujarat who then ruled over parts of what is Gujarat <https://imvoyager.com/category/gujarat/> and Rajasthan <https://imvoyager.com/category/rajasthan/> now. The temple was again destroyed by the army of Allauddin Khalji <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji>. The Somnath temple rose again, rebuilt by Mahipala I who belonged to the Chudasma dynasty of the region during the earlier part of the 14th century. however, the temple again was razed to dust towards the end of the 14th century by Zafar Shah who was the then Governor of Gujarat under the rule of the Delhi <https://imvoyager.com/historical-places-in-delhi-top-tourist-places-in-delhi/> Sultanate. The sacred temple next bore the brunt of an attack by Mahmud Begada, the then Sultan of Gujarat during the mid of the 15th century. Finally, it was the turn of Aurangzeb <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb> who wanted the Somnath temple to be destroyed such that it never surfaced again. In keeping with Aurangzeb’s dictum, the Somnath Temple was destroyed and a mosque came up. Domes appeared between arches and the temple was silenced. However, it seems that the mosque too was abandoned and the Somnath temple lost its shine and lay in ruins, a far cry from its heyday, waiting to rise again, with the resurgence of faith. After Independence <https://imvoyager.com/incredible-india-independence/>, the initiative to rebuild the Somnath Temple was taken by Sardar Vallabhai Patel and the task was completed by K.M.Munshi with the help of many others including the Jam Saheb of Jamnagar <https://imvoyager.com/jamnagar-temple-guinness-book/>, N.V. Gadgil, and others. Initially, there were some who wanted to preserve the ruins of the old Somnath temple as is, however, Sardar Patel and K.M.Munshi wanted the temple of Somnath to rise again and shine at the very spot where it had straddled the earth from time immemorial. The sun shone on the resurrected Somnath temple as the then President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad did the Prana-Pratishta or installation of the deity on the 11th May 1951. A moment that underlined the true independence of India. KR IRS 18 8 23 On Fri, 18 Aug 2023 at 19:40, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 < [email protected]> wrote: > *CULTURAL QA 08-2023-18* > > Q1 How bad is it to mix vehicle gasoline from different companies? > > A1 Mcleodproducts, Business Consultant | Digital Marketing > Services | IT Guru7h > > Gasoline is a crucial fuel source for vehicles, powering millions of cars > around the world. With various gasoline brands available, drivers often > wonder whether it's safe or detrimental to mix gasoline from different > companies in their vehicles. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive > understanding of the impact of mixing gasoline from different companies, > debunking myths and shedding light on the realities of fuel blending. By > examining the chemistry of gasoline, engine performance, and industry > standards, we can discern whether mixing gasoline is truly harmful or > simply a matter of preference. > > The Chemistry of Gasoline > > Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, additives, and detergents > designed to optimize engine performance, reduce emissions, and prevent > engine deposits. Different gasoline brands may use varying formulations and > additive packages, each claiming unique benefits. > > Debunking Myths > > 1. Myth: Mixing Gasoline Causes Explosions or Fires: Mixing gasoline from > different companies does not pose a risk of explosions or fires. Gasoline > must reach a specific temperature and concentration in an enclosed space to > ignite. > > 2. Myth: Mixing Brands Will Damage Your Engine: Modern engines are > designed to handle a range of fuel qualities and additives. Mixing gasoline > brands is unlikely to cause significant damage to your engine. > > 3. Myth: Fuel Octane Ratings Must Match Exactly: While using a higher > octane fuel than recommended can offer minimal benefits, slight > variations in octane ratings between brands won't harm your engine. > > 4. Myth: Fuel Brands Must Be Consistently Used: It's not necessary to > stick to a single brand to ensure engine health. Changing brands > occasionally is unlikely to lead to performance issues. > > 5. Myth: Premium vs. Regular Fuel Mixing: Mixing premium and regular > gasoline is generally safe and won't harm your engine. However, it's > important to stick to the manufacturer's recommendations for optimal > performance. > > *Effects of Mixing Gasoline from Different Companies* > > While mixing gasoline from different brands is generally safe, there are > potential effects to consider: > > 1. Additives and Detergents: Different brands may include varying levels > of additives and detergents. Mixing brands might slightly alter the > effectiveness of these additives. > > 2. Performance and Efficiency: Engine performance and fuel efficiency > might be affected marginally due to variations in fuel formulations, > although the impact is typically minimal. > > 3. Engine Deposits: Some brands advertise detergents to reduce engine > deposits. Mixing fuels with different detergents may slightly alter deposit > prevention effectiveness. > > 4. Combustion Efficiency: While fuel combustion is optimized for specific > fuel formulations, modern engines are designed to adapt to varying gasoline > qualities without significant issues. > > 5. Emissions: Fuel additives can influence emissions. Mixing gasoline > might have subtle effects on exhaust emissions, but they are unlikely to be > noticeable under normal driving conditions. > > Practical Considerations > > 1. Consistency vs. Variability: While some drivers prefer to stick to a > single brand for consistency, occasional mixing is unlikely to cause > significant problems. > > 2. Manufacturer Recommendations: To ensure optimal performance and adhere > to warranty requirements, it's recommended to follow the manufacturer's > guidelines for fuel octane ratings. > > 3. Brand Loyalty: Loyalty to a particular brand can stem from personal > preferences or brand-specific benefits, such as loyalty programs or credit > card rewards. > > 4. Fuel Quality Standards: Gasoline sold by reputable companies adheres > to industry quality standards, minimizing the risks associated with > poor-quality fuel. > > Mixing gasoline from different companies is generally safe and unlikely to > cause severe harm to your vehicle's engine. While slight variations in > additives, detergents, and fuel formulations may have minimal effects on > performance, modern engines are designed to handle a range of fuel > qualities. Ultimately, the decision to mix gasoline brands depends on > personal preference, convenience, and any potential brand-specific benefits > you might value. As long as you adhere to the manufacturer's > recommendations for fuel octane ratings and use reputable gasoline > suppliers, your vehicle's engine should continue to perform well regardless > of occasional fuel brand variations. > > Q2 If gravity is a constant force and our planet revolves around > the Sun, why don't we fall towards the Sun? > > A2 C Stuart Hardwick, Scifi author and science nerd. Updated Aug 9 > > We are falling toward the sun. I know, I know. You think I’m being a > smart aleck or playing a semantic trick. I am not. > > This is literally true. We are falling toward the sun, right now, as I > type this, *accelerating at about 6 thousandths of a meter per second per > second.* > > So, you might reasonably ask, *if we are falling toward the sun as I say, > how is it we aren’t getting closer to it? *And this is the crux of the > issue. You don’t understand what an orbit is, or you wouldn't have asked > the question. That’s okay; asking questions is how you get answers. > > Sir Isaac Newton probably never got hit in the head with an apple, but he > was a pretty smart fellow. Three hundred years ago, he understood gravity > and inertia and proposed this thought experiment: Say you climb up to the > top of Mount Everest with a shiny new cannon. After negotiating the tip > with your sherpa, you fire the cannon flat and level toward the horizon. > What will happen? > > Nothing, right? You fire the ball, it falls and hits some mountaineer on > the head, lawyers are called, the usual. But if you pack more powder into > the cannon, you can fire the ball further. Fire it far enough, and you can > hit base camp. Gravity attracts the ball toward the Earth, but the faster > the ball leaves the cannon, the further it can go before it hits the > ground. Eventually, the curvature of the earth starts to carry the ground > away beneath the falling cannonball, so it can actually travel farther than > it would if Earth were flat. > > Now what if you traded your magic beans for elfin gunpowder that lets you > fire the cannon as hard as you like and send your projectile flying without > any resistance from the air? Eventually, it would fly so far that the > ground was carried perpetually away and the ball would circle the > globe–forever. This is what we call an orbit, and we can actually do it > in space where the air is so thin it takes months, years, or centuries to > slow down our cannon balls, er satellites. > > The same thing is true of the Earth and everything else orbiting the sun. We > are falling toward the center of the sun, but we are speeding along in our > orbit at exactly the right speed to carry us off at a tangent at exactly > the rate we are falling, so we stay in orbit. > > You might then ask how we managed to get into this delicate balancing act? > The answer is simple. All the matter in the solar system that wasn’t > moving in the right direction at the right speed to orbit the sun long ago > either fell into the sun, was flung away into interstellar space, or > clumped onto something bigger than itself (like a planet) that was, > altering its orbit only slightly. > > Q2 Are granite and marble slabs suitable for high-traffic areas? > > A2 Gopala Krishnan,Retired AGM BSNL, just now. > > I am answering from Chennai, India. *In southern states in most of the > important railway stations, the platforms as well as waiting area are laid > with granite*. Though granite may be slippery on falling of water, still > for cleaning efficiency, walking efficiency, granite in place of R C C is > used. *Probably for keeping heritage one platform is kept with old type > flooring.* > > *So granite is suitable for high traffic area. * > > *Some bus stands and all airports use granite for flooring in traffic > areas of persons.* > > Q3 Why were Victorian era boys dressed as girls up to the age of > approximately 6 years? > > A3 Alice Twain, Perita Linguistica from ITSOS via Pace 10Wed > > As other answers pointed out, they weren't dressed as girls, they were > dressed as children. > > Children do a couple of peculiar things: they can't control very well > when they pee and poop, and they grow superfast and more in height than > in width. > > Skirts have a couple of advantages over trusers in these fields. > > When the baby or toddler is still wearing a diaper it is easier to change > the disper without having to remove any other piece of clothing. > > When the child is older and needs to go in a hurry there is nothing to > remove, just pull up the skirt and seat the child on a suitable container > (panties for most of this long period did not exist). > > Skirts are anyhow less likely to get badly soiled in case of an accident. > > Finally, a loose dress will grow with the child and remain wearable for > longer. The waist may ride up, but that's fine. > > T*here is one last issue. People had a lot of children. And clothes were > costly, but also made of very good materials, so they lasted for very long.* > By > making baby's and toddler's dresses unisex they could use the same garments > with all children > > Q4 What happened in Jhansi in 1857? > > A4 Arpan Roy,An enthusiastMon > > *In 1857, during the Indian Rebellion against British colonial rule, also > known as the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny, the city of Jhansi > witnessed a significant episode in the larger uprising.* > > The rebellion was a widespread and coordinated resistance against the > British East India Company's rule, with various regions and communities > participating in the struggle. > > Jhansi was ruled by Rani Lakshmibai, the widow of Maharaja Raja Gangadhar > Rao, who had died earlier. When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 broke out, > Rani Lakshmibai played a prominent role in the resistance against British > rule. She refused to cede control of Jhansi to the British, and her > leadership became a symbol of the rebellion's defiance. > > *In June 1857, Rani Lakshmibai led her forces in defending Jhansi against > the British*. The British forces, under the command of Major-General Hugh > Rose, besieged the city. > > *The battle for Jhansi was fierce and marked by acts of bravery from both > sides. Ultimately, Rani Lakshmibai and her forces were unable to hold the > city against the British military might, and Jhansi fell to the British on > June 5, 1858.* > > Despite the loss of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai and her forces continued to > resist, adopting guerrilla tactics and engaging in battles in other > regions. *She died in battle on June 18, 1858, while fighting near the > city of Gwalior.* > > Q5 What are some of the interesting facts about Somnath temple? > > A5 Aashish Kumar Dimri, One who loves IndiaMon > > Gem : Many lengends claim that Syamanatak mani of Lord Krishna is hidden > inside hollowness of Jyotirlingam. > > It is also known as Philospher’s stone and like Paras mani can turn any > metal into pure gold . > > Sangam :Like proverbial sangam at Prayag (former Allahabad), Uttar pradesh > ; Somnath shrine also has confluence of three rivers -Kapila ,Hiran and > Saraswati . > > Light house : Lord Somnath Jyotirlingam, with its immense light, once > acted as a light house for sea farers in ancient India. > > Departure : It is also believed that Lord Krishna ended his life journey > in this area. > > Prayer : Sita Ram Jai Badri Vishal Sri Somnath Mahadev sharanam prapadaye ! > > *All the above QA are from Quora digest to me on 18-08- 2023.* > > *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .* > > *Compiled **and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 18-08-2023* > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "iyer123" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1601439995.753936.1692367815944%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/iyer123/1601439995.753936.1692367815944%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/CAL5XZoo%2BB%3DORMYE2anQHTs-_9z12_yJm8beb8DMZwq63WWeGXQ%40mail.gmail.com.
