CULTURAL QA 08-2023-19 Q1 Is itsafe to run an air conditioner in a closed room with no ventilation?
A1 Gopala Krishnan,Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now Not at all safe. At least one window panel mustbe opened partially. If any problem occur with air-conditioner and gas leak inside, personsinside may be suffocating. Especially in night never run an airconditioner either old/new with out opening a panel of the window. I am using air conditioner in bedrooms with window panel partially opened for the last 17 years Q2 Humanskin cells are replaced every 20 days, while human brain cells last 30 to 50years. Why would brain cells need to last for so long? Why might this be aproblem if we managed to extend human life beyond 100 years? A2 Ken Saladin,Former professor of histology (microscopicanatomy)Updated 8mo Human brain cells last a lot longer thanthat. In a person who dies at age 100+, his or her brain neurons have beenthere since childhood. Neurons and cardiac and skeletal muscle cellsare the longest-lived cells in the human body. They are capable of little if any mitosis, sothey cannot reproduce or replace themselves to any significant extent. To understand why neurons don’tmitotically reproduce themselves, consider the brain neuron type shown above,called a Purkinje cell. On the left is a photo of one stained with afluorescent dye and viewed under ultraviolet light with a fluorescencemicroscope. On the right is a drawing of one made over a century ago by thepainstaking, Nobel-winning Spanish histologist Santiago Ramon y Cajal(1852–1934). The large bulbous part, the cellbody (neurosoma), is where the cell’s nucleus and nuclear DNA reside. In othercells (not neurons) there is also a pair of organelles called centrioles nearthe nucleus. Centrioles (dark yellow in the next illustration) are the key tomitosis, producing the mitotic spindle that organizes the chromosomes of adividing cell and distributes them in equal sets to the two daughtercells—basic high school biology. Without centrioles, a cell can’t undergomitosis. Neurons don’t have centrioles. But why shouldn’t they be enabledto divide? Go back again to that Purkinje cell. Notice the tremendously complexprofusion of branches, called dendrites, above the cell body.Even these two images considerably underrepresent their profusion andcomplexity. All these dendrites are in contact with other neurons at junctions(synapses), where neurons communicate with each other. Some neurons have as many as100,000 synapses. They are the essence of the circuitry that gives the brainits information-processing capability. If a neuron like this were to undergomitosis, how would it preserve or restore this vast network of interconnectionsduring or after it divided? Would itwithdraw all these dendrites, contract into a single globular form, and divide?How would it reach out and restore all these vital interconnections afterward?Which daughter cell would do that? Both? What would that do to our neuralintegration and functionality of the brain? Only one of them? What would theother cell do? Suppose the cell didn’t ball up,but tried to retain the integrity of this circuitry while dividing. Would thesplitting of the cell have to travel up every one of these branches? Imaginghow often that would go wrong, and what brain dysfunctions might result. So with that example, I think you can see why, once formed, brain cells don’t reproduce. There are stem cells that continue producing new neurons in childhood,but by most reports, there’s little significant production of new human neuronsbeyond childhood (little adult neurogenesis). We lose neurons at an alarming rate after middle age, but we don’t gainmany new ones. The neurons you die with, however old you may be, are ones thathave been with you, undivided, since late childhood. Q3 What arethe benefits of using a mini vacuum cleaner? A3 Gopala Krishnan,Former Assistant General Manager 1996-2004at Department of Telecom (1966–2004)Just now It is very handy and weightless. Holding it using both hands,dusting from furniture, fan, floor etc can be done. Suction and exhaustavailable in same cleaner. I am having a Philips make item, appearing just likea large cucumber Q4``What is the most unusual place on Earth that has beenaffected by climate change? A4 Steven Haddock,Studied at York University (Canada)13h Welcome to the Atacama Desert;This is the driest place on earth. Therewas no recorded rainfall over most of it for the hundreds of years that peoplehave been keeping records. Not a drop. Not a quick shower. Nada. Geologicalevidence, which looks for sites of past flooding, also seem to be completelyabsent, showing no rain over most of its geological timespan. The Atacama sits within a “double rain shadow” where mountains to itseast and west both have rain falling on them, but none of it reaches theAtacama. Usually, high pressure systems form above the desert,pushing weather systems around it. Well, at least none of it diduntil 2015. Then nature made up for lost time 2015 Northern Chile floods and mudflow - Wikipedia >From Wikipedia, the freeencyclopedia 2015 Northern Chile flash flood and >mudflow Date 23 March 2015 (2015-03-23 ) – 25 March 2015 ( 2015-03-25 ) >Location Atacama , Antofagasta , Coquimbo regions, Chile. Deaths 26 (125 >missing) Property damage 28,108 houses damaged or lost The 2015 Northern Chile floods were a seriesof mudflows that affected much of northern Chile , product of flash floods fromdifferent rivers due to unseasonal heavy rains in the area, causing severedamage in several towns of the Antofagasta , Atacama and Coquimbo regions. [1][2] Flooding in Chile and Peru resulted from an unusual cold front which movedacross the Andes, bringing heavy rainfall to the region. [3] The NationalOffice of Emergency of the Interior Ministry (ONEMI) has reported more than27,413 people affected, 5,585 people on shelters and more than 300 isolated dueto roads destruction. [4] [5] 26 people died during the mudflow and 101 areofficially missing, although it is expected that these numbers will increase ascontact is reestablished with remote communities. [6] Preliminary figures showthat property damage reaches more than 28,000 houses, of those 105 arecompletely destroyed, and at least 5,900 present severe damages. [7] State ofemergency [ edit ] Los Carrera Avenue in Copiapó On March 25, near the 17:00(UTC 3) hours, and due to the serious events due to flooding, the president ofChile, Michelle Bachelet declaredConstitutional State of Exception Catastrophe throughout the Region of Atacama,where about 320,000 people, mainly settled in the cities of Copiapó and resideVallenar. This state means that the Armed Forces of Chile take control of thearea to protect and maintain public order in the affected area. The officer in charge is ChiefLieutenant Colonel Marcel Urrutia Caro, belonging to the Army Chile. Hourslater a state of emergency was extended to the city of Antofagasta. PresidentMichelle Bachelet is in the areas affected by floods since March 25. Chañaralvisited on March 26, and that same day was decreed curfew across the Atacamaregion since 23:00 to 6:00 hours (UTC −3) . The March 26 were deployed Marinesin Chañaral to contain looting registered in some shops during the day.President Michelle Bachelet visiting the affected area The authorities andcitizens reported cases of speculation and hoarding of food and staples. Thegovernment announced a lawsuit against those conducting unjustified priceincreases, and in supermarkets and service stations rationed the sale ofcertain products and fuels. In La Serena and Coquimbo the stock of bottledwater scarcity product sold out due to problems in processing water Elquiriver. The Chilean Navy sent to the port of Chañaral the Rancagua and Chacabucobarges emergency vehicles, supplies and Marines, along with the ship SergeantAldea. The government allocated 1.1 billion Chilean peso for thereconstruction. See also [ edit ] References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Northern_Chile_floods_and_mudflow So what happened? Well, as the Pacific warmed, the weather patternsthat had been pretty consistent for centuries have started to change. Several high pressure systems surrounded a low pressure system thatusually sits much further east and south and is cut off by highpressure systems that form around the Atacama. This time, the pressure systemspushed the low right up against the north coast of Chile. Fed by rapidlywarming equatorial air which rushed in from the north between the systems, the rain was dropped on thedesert instead of being forced around it. Q5 If satellitesorbit the moon, why can't we see the dark side of the moon? A5 Steve Baker,Senior Software Engineer (2013–present)Aug 8 We can - we’ve had photos of the far sideof the moon since the Russians first sent a probe around the Moon in 1959… The spacecraft - called “LUNA-3” took the photo onto regular film - andhad equipment to process and develop the film - then to scan it with a devicelike a Fax machine to radio it back to Earth!! These days, we have satellites inorbit around the moon - such as LRO (the “Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter”) whichhas photos of the entire moon - both the near and far sides and the polarregions - at impressive resolution. Using stereo imaging techniqueswe now have fairly accurate elevation maps - we’ve mapped out the moon’s weirdgravitational anomalies - we have thermal maps, albedo maps - we’ve takenspectra of the lunar surface to figure out what the surface rocks are made of. We know a LOT about the far side of the moon. I prefer to call it “The FarSide” rather than “The Dark Side” - because it’s no darker there than it is onthe more familiar “Near Side”. All of this study since the1950’s has produced several findings that I find surprising: There are large/heavy masses below the surface of the moon(presumably large asteroid bodies) which disrupt the smooth gravitational fieldof the moon - making it challenging to maintain low orbits over it. There are significant deposits of water ice inside deep craters close tothe lunar North and South Poles - places where the sun literally never shines. The moon is more egg-shaped than sphericalbecause of the way it orbits the Earth with one side continually facing us. The pattern of cratering is WILDLY different on the near and far sides. This seems to be that many of theasteroids that would have impacted the near side of the moon were attracted byEarth’s much greater gravity - and hit Earth instead of the Moon. All the above QA are from Quora digest to me on 19-08- 2023. Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers .Compiled and posted byR. Gopala krishnan, on 19-08-2023 -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/1917542837.860044.1692431144991%40mail.yahoo.com.
