CULTURAL QA 01202405 Q1 is repetitive
Q2 Around what period did England stop being dominated by French nobility? Q2 KR Nobility is only a kind of title or heirdom; so As England and France parted by a sea had close relations, in the history there were many nobility kingdom. Chinese sovereignty and peerage, the nobility of China, were an important feature of traditional social and political organization of Imperial China. Article 4 on equality of the 1848 Swiss federal constitution, finally made a legal end to the Swiss nobility. Nowadays the titles of nobility appear neither in registry offices nor in public instruments. In descending order, the traditional nobility titles are: Emperor/Empress, King/Queen, Grand Duke/Grand Duchess, Prince/Princess, Duke/Duchess, Marquess/Marchioness, Earl/Countess, Viscount/Viscountess, and Baron/Baroness. These ranks vary across different countries and cultures. The nobility refers to a individuals or families that belong to a upper social class who had special political and social status. The Danish nobility is organized into the following groups: The Uradel (the oldest noble families) which can trace their genealogy back to pre-reformation or medieval time. Although the official duties, power and privileges of nobles and royals ceased when India was declared a republic in 1950, India's aristocracy and regal lineages still play an inspiring and cherished role in Indian culture, with modern royals and nobles revered and adored like Hollywood celebrities. Q3 If Lord Ayyappa never existed in Mahabharata, nor in Puranas, then why do Hindus worship Ayyappan? KR Ayyappan is a folklore and as so many Minor deivams are there Ayyappan worship came into vogue from Pandalam as Kannagi worship existed. Sastha is different. However, to expand the worship, they were tagged together. Sastha is only a kuladeivam whose temples are locally created with Siva and Parvathi as rooted culture. In the Śiva Purana, it is stated that Lord Śiva was born of Kaśyapa and Surabhi assuming eleven forms. The names of the eleven Rudras are—Kapālin, Piṅgala, Bhīma, Virūpākṣa, Vilohita, Śāsta, Ajapāt, Ahirbudhnya, Sambhu, Caṇḍa and Bhava. They helped the gods and slew the asuras in the battle. They were heroic and of great strength. KR IRS 5124 ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty <[email protected]> Date: Fri, 5 Jan 2024 at 12:55 Subject: CULTURAL QA 01-2024-05 To: Patty Thatha <[email protected]>, Iyer < [email protected]>, Kerala Iyer <[email protected]> *CULTURAL QA 01-2024-05* *All the BELOW QA are from Quora digest to me on 05-01-2024.* *Quora answers need not be 100% correct answers * *.Compiled* *and posted by R. Gopala krishnan, on 05-01-2024* *Q1 Why are petrol tankers elliptical in shape?* *A1 Rebecca Williams, Car Lover Nov 9* *Petrol tankers are elliptical in shape because of** several reasons related to stability, safety, and efficiency. Petrol tankers are vehicles that transport liquid fuel from one place to another.* *They have to deal with various challenges such as road conditions, traffic, weather, and regulations. The shape of the tankers is very important to ensure a smooth and successful operation.* *One of the main reasons why petrol tankers are elliptical in shape is to lower the center of gravity of the vehicle. The center of gravity is the point where the weight of the vehicle is balanced. The lower the center of gravity, the more stable the vehicle is. This is especially important for petrol tankers because they carry a large amount of liquid that can shift and slosh inside the tank, creating a lateral force that can cause the vehicle to tip over or lose control. An elliptical shape reduces the height of the tank, which in turn lowers the center of gravity and increases the stability of the vehicle.* *To maximize the volume of the tank while keeping the height under a certain limit. Petrol tankers have to comply with the regulations and standards of the road authorities, which specify the maximum dimensions and weight of the vehicles. The height of the vehicle is one of the critical factors because it affects the clearance under bridges, tunnels, and overhead wires. An elliptical shape allows the tank to have a larger volume than a circular or rectangular shape while keeping the height within the permissible range. This means that the petrol tanker can carry more fuel with less trips, saving time and money.* *To improve the aerodynamics and fuel efficiency of the vehicle.** Aerodynamics is the study of how air flows around objects and affects their motion. Fuel efficiency is the measure of how much fuel is consumed by the vehicle per unit of distance. Both of these factors are influenced by the shape of the vehicle, which determines the amount of drag or resistance that the air exerts on the vehicle. Drag reduces the speed and increases the fuel consumption of the vehicle.* *An elliptical shape reduces the drag by having a smooth and streamlined surface that minimizes the turbulence and pressure difference caused by the airflow**. This means that the petrol tanker can travel faster and use less fuel, reducing the environmental impact and operational cost.* *My note- The same thing applies to petrol tankers in Goods train also* *Q2 Around what period did England stop being dominated by French nobility?**Q2 * *A2 Stephen Tempest, MA in Modern History, University of Oxford (Graduated 1985)22h* *Until 1204.* *Prior to that date, the French-speaking nobility who dominated England usually had lands in both England and France**, with family members in both countries, and often travelled between the two places.* *Note that they were not only Normans: there were Angevins, Poitevins, Manceaux , Bretons, Flemings, Blésois, and many others numbered among the vassals of the Kings of England and Dukes of Normandy. Nor were the Normans Vikings by 1066; they were just French people with some Norse ancestry and a distinctive dialect.* *On the other hand, France in 1066 was by no means a unified country**, and the Dukes of Normandy basically ignored the king in Paris — who was nominally their feudal superior, but in reality was just one more territorial magnate with a slightly more fancy title. England had French rulers, but it was not ruled by France.* *In 1202, however, King Philippe II Auguste of France declared that King John of England was in breach of his feudal obligations to his overlord**, and therefore all his French lands — Normandy, Aquitaine, and Anjou — were forfeit to the French Crown.* *John paying homage to Philippe for his lands in France* *John naturally contested this ruling, but Philippe had a larger army, and many of John’s nobles in France were angry with him and withdrew their support.** In March 1204 Château Gaillard, the strongest castle in Normandy defending the main invasion route down the Seine valley from Paris, was captured by the French royal army after a six-month siege. With this loss, John’s defences collapsed, and by August the King of France had occupied all of Normandy and Anjou.* *He then declared that Normandy was now part of the French royal domain**. There would be no more Dukes of Normandy for over a century, until King Philippe VI de Valois gave the title to his son Jean le Bon in 1332.* *This conquest presented the Anglo-Norman nobility with a difficult choice. They could no longer split their time freely between England and France: they had to decide which side they were on. Would John of England or Philippe Auguste of France have their loyalty?* *Some chose one way, and some the other**. Those whose lands in France were more important to them had to swear allegiance to the King of France, and forfeit their English lands; those who preferred to stay in England retained their loyalty to the King of England, and forfeit their French lands.* * (Of course there were plenty of exceptions and complications if you look at the fine details; but in broad terms, that was the split.)* *From that moment on, the nobility who dominated England were English**. They might still speak French, but the 13th century was the time when the English nobility began speaking English, in a 150-year long transition which started at the lower levels (the knights and gentry) and gradually spread to the peerage and finally the royal court. But England was now their home.* *My note- I hope my readers are interested in this type of Historical QA readings.* *Q3 If Lord Ayyappa never existed in Mahabharata, nor in Puranas, then why do Hindus worship Ayyappan?* *A3 Vishwanath O,Learning the history of religions & similarities of faith20h* *Swami Sharanam !* *Lord Ayyappa or Manikanta we see in Sabarimala was born in human form in less than 1000 years ago.** He was born in Pandala kingdom at a time when Islam existed . Ayyappa’s friend Vavar was a Muslim . Devotees of Ayyappa visit the Dargah of Vavar and offer prayers before proceeding to Sabarimala.* *Ayyappa we worship today is an avatar of Dharma sastha who is mentioned in Skanda Purana** . In other words Manikanta was deified as Ayyappa an avatar of Dharmasastha.* *My note- Pandalam has a locality called **kadakkad occupied 99% by Muslims.** These muslims talk Tamil also fluently, probably because the Pandya royal family came from Madurai in Tamilnadu spoke Tamil when they came to Pandalam. **I have remembrance of Pandalam royal family speaking **Tamil also **at a time**. I am native of Pandalam.* *Q4 Can you share a funny story about your mom?* *A4 Gopalkrishna Vishwanath, I prefer comedy to tragedy Nov 27* *Flashback: The mid nineteen fifties. I was about 7 or 8 years old.* *We had moved to Mumbai from our native place in Palakkad district in Kerala.We moved into a Gujarati speaking neighborhood in Matunga, Mumbai* *My mom knew Tamil and Malayalam, and was picking up English and Hindi (the Mumbai brand of Hindi) and was struggling with speaking Hindi.* *We kids had grown up in that neighborhood and had no problem with Hindi but for my mom it was a real challenge but she responded spendidly.* *She soon learned to converse but her Hindi would often be mixed with Tamil or English words when she did not know the Hindi word for it.* *One day, wanting to know where my 7 year old playmate lived, she asked “Tumhaara aam kidhar hai”* * (aam in Brahmin Tamil means home, ghar,(Hindi) veedu,(Standard Tamil) mane (Kannada) but it means “mango” in Hindi* *The little boy replied innocently “mera aam, mai kha gaya!” to my mother’s shock! (I ate my mango)* *On another occasion, my brother was bitten by a puppy. It wasn’t too serious but my mom was not taking chances and she took him to the nearby doctor and told the doctor “mera chokra ko chota kutta baitha” (A small dog bit my boy).* *The Doctor took some time to understand her!* *God bless her soul. She later joined the Rashtrabhasha Prachar Sabha and learned formally for a few years and was soon proficient in Hindi and passed the Kovidh exam.* *She must me smiling up in heaven as I write this. She passed away in 2006.* *Q5 Which is the oldest Shiva temple?* *A5 SrivathsanM Thirumurai the everything in life19h* *UTHIRAKOSAMANGAI TEMPLE* *OM NAMAH SHIVAAYA* *A shocking answer but yes**. It is regarded as MAN THONDRUM MUNNE MANGAI THONDRIYADHU which means even before the creation appeared Uthirakosamangai appeared.* *Uthiram – Sermon, Kosam – Secrets and Mangai – Goddess Parvati. The place got this name Uthirakosamangai from the fact that Lord Shiva taught Parvati the secrets of the Vedas.* *Uthirakosamangai Temple is also known as Mangalanatha Swamy Temple and is located in Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the most ancient Shiva temples. It comes under the Ramanathapuram Samasthanam Devasthanam and the Sethupathi Maharaja family is the hereditary trustee.* *Antiquity of the temple is also evident from the fact that the name of **Mandodari, **wife of Ravana** (Emperor of Sri Lanka) is engraved on the wall of the temple.* *This temple is believed to be the native of Lord Shiva and the place where the world’s first Natarajar appeared. This temple is worshipped by all the Rishis, sages and Siddhars of the world.* *The temple was built even before the appearance of the Navagrahas**. The temple dates back to four eras. The temple was built by a thousand Shiva servants who attained Moksha at the same time.* *This place is where the Tamil phrase “Thennadudaya Sivane Potri; Ennatavarkum Iraiva Potri” originated. (trans - Glories to God of south nations and god of all nations) The temple has the Emerald Nataraja Statue (Maragatha Natarajar).* *Information collected browsing the internet for a lot of time -* *The age of the Moolavar (Suyambu Lingam) in this temple dates back to three thousand years.* *Uthirakosamangai Temple is built in an area of about 20 acres.** It is believed to be the hometown of the Lord Shiva. The unity of the couple will be strengthened if they stand in front of the Lord Uma Maheswarar shrine and worship the deities.* *In the legend of Thiruvilaiyatal, the scene catching fish by throwing net (valai veesiya puranam) took place at this place.* *The major renovations at the Uthirakosamangai Temple were done by the Pandya kings**. When the reign of Pandyan kings was at its best in power, this place served as the capital for some time.* *In ancient times this place was known by different names like Sivapuram, Thatchina Kailayam, Chaturvedi Mangalam, Ilandi Kaipalli, Badrika Kshetra, Brahmapuram, Vyakrapuram, Mangalapuri, Badrisayana Chatram, Adi Chidambaram.* *Before worshiping both Mangala Nathar and Mangala Nayaki, if we offer prayers to the Pana Lingam there, we will get the full benefit of our worship.* *For those who worship the deities of the temple, receive all the benefits at this life and attain Moksha after life.* *It is believed that if people get married at this place, their relationship will be long lasting and hence a lot of marriages take place at this temple during auspicious days.* *The main deity Mangalanathar is also called as Mangalesuvarar and Pralayakesuvar.* *The Goddess Mangaleswari is also known by the names Mangalambikai and Sundaranayaki.* *In the name of Goddess Mangaleswari. Subramaniam Pillai has sung Pillai Tami and the book was published in 1901 and reprinted in 1956.* *The name of Mandodari, the wife of Ravana, is mentioned in the inscriptions of the temple. Therefore, this inscription is considered to be the proof that this place appeared before/during the time of Ramayana.* *This is the place where Vedaviyasar, Kaga Bujander, Mirukandu Sage, Vanasuran, Mayan, Manickavasagar and Arunigirinathar worshiped the almighty and got blessed by the Lord Shiva.* *The Panchaloka Natarajar of this temple is very different and it is a masterpiece consisting of men’s dance moves on the right and women’s dance moves on the left of the statue.* *At the entrance of the temple, Lord Ganesha and Lord Murugan have changed their places.* *The elephant is the vehicle of Lord Murugan. According to the Adi Chidambara Mahatmyam, the King of Devas – Indra gave his elephant “Iravatham” to Lord Murugan.* *This temple is located at a distance of 83 km from Rameswaram and 18 km from Ramanathapuram.* *In ancient Literature, the term “Ilavanthigai Palli” represents Uthirakosamangai Temple. This is the place where Lord Shiva appeared in front of the Tamil poet Manikkavasagar. The temple is also called Mangaiperuman who arose under the locust tree.* *It is believed that at this temple Goddess Mangalanayaki worships the Lord Mangalanathar. It is stated in the Madurai Purana that the place got this name Uthirakosamangai from the fact that Lord Shiva taught Parvati the secrets of the Vedas.* *The temple was in the possession of the Adi saivars which was later handed over to the King of Ramanathapuram and it has been under the rule of Ramanathapuram Samasthanam ever since.* *Two of the Yaali were found with beautiful carvings in the entrance have a ball of stone in their mouths. We can move the ball with our hand inserted in their mouths.* *The fishes that live in the pond of this temple are not fresh water fishes but are the fishes that live in seawater.* *On the day of Pradhosham, people used to worship the deities of the temple by offering screw-pine flowers (Thazhampoo). It is believed that if people worship the deities by offering a garland of screw-pine flowers all the obstacles in a marriage can be eliminated.* *My note- So the temple was there before curse by Seetha on screw pine flower* *Here is the ancient Varahi temple and when worshipped every Friday, Tuesday and Sunday during the Rahu Kalam, all the incurable problems including marriage ban will go away.* *The famous Mughal King Alauddin Khilji, who ruled Delhi in the year 1300, found out that there was an emerald Natarajar statue in Uthirakosamangai and tried to loot it but by the grace of the Lord Mangalanathar he did not succeed in his attempt.* *The chief minister’s alms program is held daily at this temple and if you donate Rs.700 you can donate food to 50 people.* *The curse of Sage Gautama on Sage Kagabujandar was removed at this place.* *60 thousand Shivanadiyars received enlightenment at this place.* *The Mangalanathar Shrine, the Mangaleswari Shrine, the Emerald Natarajar Shrine and the Sagasralinga Shrine at this temple have separate sanctorum, puja hall, maha hall and flag tree.* *As the Natarajar here is made of emerald stone some people call this place Ratna Sabha.** But since it is believed to be the first temple in the world, it is said that it does not belong to any Sabha.* *Karaikal Ammaiyar also came here and worshipped Lord Shiva.* *The architecture of the Uttarakosamangai temple is based on Dravidian architecture.* *Special pujas are conducted every month on the days of Amavasai (no moon day), Pournami (full moon day), Pradosham , Krithigai and Chathurthi.* * Major festivals of the TempleTamil Month Chithirai (Mid – April) – ThirukalyanamTamil Month Vaikasi (Mid – May) – Vasantha UrchavamTamil Month Aani (Mid – June) – 10 days Shiva UrchavamTamil Month Aippasi (Mid – October) – AnnabishekamTamil Month Margazhi (Mid – December) – Thiruvathirai festivalTamil Month Maasi (Mid – February) – Shivarathiri* *Uthirakosamangai Temple Pooja Timings* *Daily at this Temple, Morning 5.30 AM – Ushad Puja, 8.00 AM – Shanti Puja, 10.00 AM** – Uchchi Kala Puja, Evening 5.00 PM – Sayaratchai Puja, 7.00 PM Irandam Kala Puja and 8.00 PM – Arthajama Puja will be held.* *Anointing of the Mangalanathar is done daily at 6 AM, 12.30 PM and 5.30 PM.* *People can worship the deities of the Uthirakosamangai temple from Morning 5.00 AM to 12.30 PM and from Evening 4.00 PM to 8.00 PM.* *It is believed that even incurable diseases can be cured by dissolving the sandalwood taken from the statue of the Natarajar made of Emerald in hot water and drinking it.* *There are a total of 11 Ganeshas in this temple.* *One can worship Mahalakshmi in the left side corner while coming around the Lord Mangalanathar shrine.* *There is a statue of Sarveshwar at the royal tower of the temple.* *This temple appeared before the foremost temple of Shaivites - Chidambaram temple.* * It is believed that Natarajar danced in Chidambaram only after he danced at Uthirakosamangai.* * This is the place where Pranava Porul is taught to Goddess Ambikai.* * The Lord Mangalanathar here is in the form of Linga.* * The Sthala Virutcham of this temple is the Jujube Tree and has been visited by many sages for generations. This tree is nearly 5000 years old.* * This is the place where the sages of Vedaviyasar, Parasar, Kagabhujantariji and Mirukandu worshiped.* * Here is the Sahasralinga which possesses the radiant powers present in 1087 Shiva temples in the world.* * Two festivals are conducted in a year here. One is the Chithirai Festival and the other is the Margazhi Thiruvathirai Festival.* * There are nine wells (theertham) in this temple.* * The Lord Shiva present here was the first to introduce the art of Bharata Natya to the people of the world.* * This place is the hometown of the Lord Shiva and hence it is believed that even if one enters this place once in a lifetime can enter heaven for sure.* * Uthirakosamangai is the place where Sri Rama (an avatar of Lord Vishnu) was given the Shiva Lingam of Lord Shiva and was ordered to build a bridge over the Sethu Samudra.* * Devotees believe that children will live longer and higher, if they sing the Ponnunchal song sung by the Manikkavasakar as a lullaby.* -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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