CULTURAL QA 02202422A
Q1 If eating white rice daily is unhealthy, how come our Indian
ancestors are so healthy though they used to have it daily 3 times?
KR Balaji Viswanathan is not a scholar a small banker and has his
opinions personally which is unquestionable, as long as he is not making it
as a Veda in public forum. Like:1 Our ancestors didn't eat 3 square meals a
day. In south Indian villages, people would start their day with a
Congee[porridge made of a variety of millets] work on the fields for most
of the day and come home to a fairly heavy dinner before the sun sets. If
they were well off, they could afford a dosa or idly in the middle and
maybe bananas or other seasonal fruits. That's pretty much it.2 Rice intake
increased drastically only after the green revolution. Until then millets
like ragi, thinai and kezhvaragu provided a sizable chunk of the calories.
And as other posters mentioned, they also ate rice whose outer shell was
not removed through milling.3 And finally. Not everything our ancestors was
necessarily right. They did many things right, but not all. Remember, 200
years ago life expectancies and quality of life was in general lower than
ours.
One who forms the opinions individually must verify te thoughts
before jumping into public pool.
*Origin of rice*
1.1.1 *Oryza Sativa*, it is believed, is associated with wet, humid
climate, though it is not a tropical plant. It is probably a descendent of
wild grass that was most likely cultivated in the foothills of the far
Eastern Himalayas. Another school of thought believes that the rice plant
may have originated in southern India, then spread to the north of the
country and then onwards to China. It then arrived in Korea, the
Philippines (about 2000 B. C.) and then Japan and Indonesia (about 1000 B.
C.). When Alexander the Great invaded India in 327 B. C., it is believed
that he took rice back to Greece. Arab travellers took it to Egypt, Morocco
and Spain and that is how it travelled all across Europe. Portugal and
Netherlands took rice to their colonies in West Africa and then it
travelled to America through the ’Columbian Exchange’ of natural resources.
But as is traditionally known, rice is a slow starter and this is also true
to the fact that it took close to two centuries after the voyages of
Columbus for rice to take root in the Americas. Thereafter the journey of
rice continues with the Moors taking it to Spain in 700 A. D. and then the
Spanish brought rice to South America at the beginning of 17th century.
1.1.2 The journey of rice around the world has been slow, but once it took
root it stayed and became a major agriculture and economic product for the
people. In the Indian subcontinent more than a quarter of the cultivated
land is given to rice (20011-12). It is a very essential part of the daily
meal in the southern and eastern parts of India. In the northern and
central parts of the subcontinent, where wheat is frequently eaten, rice
holds its own and is cooked daily as well as on festivals and special
occasions.
*1.2 History of Rice in India:*
1.2.1 India is an important centre of rice cultivation. The rice is
cultivated on the largest areas in India. Historians believe that
while the *indica
*variety of rice was first domesticated in the area covering the foothills
of the Eastern Himalayas (i.e. north-eastern India), stretching through
Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Southern China, the *japonica *variety
was domesticated from wild rice in southern China which was introduced to
India. Perennial wild rice still grow in Assam and Nepal. It seems to have
appeared around 1400 BC in southern India after its domestication in the
northern plains. It then spread to all the fertiled alluvial plains watered
by rivers. Some says that the word rice is derived from the Tamil word
*arisi*.
1.2.2 Rice is first mentioned in the Yajur Veda (c. 1500-800 BC) and
then is frequently referred to in Sanskrit texts. In India there is a
saying that grains of rice should be like two brothers, close but not stuck
together. Rice is often directly associated with prosperity and fertility;
hence there is the custom of throwing rice at newlyweds. In India, rice is
always the first food offered to the babies when they start eating solids
or to husband by his new bride, to ensure they will have children.
Paddy grains found during excavation at Hastinapur (India) around
1000-750 B.C. considered as an oldest sample in the world. Southwest
Himalayas has various types and varieties and indicated probable centre of
origin.
*1.2.1 *Rice has shaped the culture, diets and economic of thousand of
millions of peoples. For more than half of the humanity “ rice is life”.
Considering its importance position, the United Nation designated year 2004
as the “International Year of rice. Importance of rice are as follows:
a. Rice is an important staple food crop for more than 60 per cent of the
world people. In 2008, more than 430 million metric tons of rice were
consumed worldwide, according to the USDA.
b. Ready to eat products eg. popped and puffed rice, instant or rice
flakes, canned rice and fermented products are produced
c. Rice straw is used as cattle feed, used for thatching roof and in
cottage industry for preparation of hats, mats, ropes, sound absorbing ,
straw board and used as litter material.
d. Rice husk is used as animal feed, for paper making and as fuel source.
e. Rice bran is used in cattle and poultry feed, defatted bran, which is
rich in protein, can be used in the preparation of biscuits and as cattle
feed.
f. Rice bran oil is used in soap industry. Refined oil can be used as a
cooling medium like cotton seed oil / corn oil. Rice bran wax, a byproduct
of rice bran oil is used in industries.
1.3.1 The two major rice varieties grown world wide today are *Oryza sativa
indica *and *Oryza sativa japonica*. The two cultivated rice species, *Oryza
sativa *L. and *O. glaberrima *Steud., belong to a species group called *Oryza
sativa *complex together with the five wild taxa, *O. rufipogon *(sensu
lato), *O. longistaminata *Chev. et Roehr., *O. barthii *A. Chev., *O.
glumaepatula *Steud., and *O. meridionalis *Ng. Among these taxa, only *O.
rufipogon *produces fertile F1 hybrids with *O. sativa *and therefore these
two species are considered to belong to a single biological species.
Together with all circumstantial evidence, this suggests that *O. rufipogon
*is the ancestor of *O. sativa*. Similarly, it leaves no doubt that *O.
barthii *is the ancestor of African rice *O. glaberrima*.
Nutritional value of Rice:
1.5.1 Rice is a nutritional staple food which provides instant energy as
its most important component is carbohydrate (starch). On the other hand,
rice is poor in nitrogenous substances with average composition of these
substances being only 8per cent and fat content or lipids only negligible,
i.e., 1per cent and due to this reason it is considered as a complete food
for eating. Rice flour is rich in starch and is used for making various
food materials. It is also used in some instances by brewers to make
alcoholic malt.
Likewise, rice straw mixed with other materials is used to produce
porcelain, glass and pottery. Rice is also used in manufacturing of paper
pulp and livestock bedding.
1.5.2 The variability of composition and characteristics of rice is really
broad and depends on variety and environmental conditions under which the
crop is grown. In husked rice, protein content ranges in between 7per cent
to 12per cent. The use of nitrogen fertilizers increases the percentage
content of some amino acids.
1.5.3 The comparative nutritional value of cereals in the table 1 showed
difference in nutritional content of rice bran and raw rice. The brown rice
is rich in some vitamins, especially B1 or thiamine (0.34 mg), B2
or riboflavin (0.05 mg), niacin or nicotinic acid (4.7 mg). In contrast,
the white rice is poor in vitamins (0.09 mg of vitamin B1, vitamin B2 0.03
mg and 1.4 mg of niacin) and minerals as they are found mostly in the outer
layers of the grain, which are removed by polishing process, or "bleaching"
whereas parboiled rice is rich in these vitamins as a result of their
particular process.
Medicinal Value:
1.6.1 The immense diversity of rice germplasm is a rich source for many
rice based products and is also used for treating many health related
maladies such as indigestion, diabetes, arthritis, paralysis, epilepsy and
give strength to pregnant and lactating mothers. Ancient Ayurvedic
literature testify the medicinal and curative properties of different types
of rice grown in India. Medicinal rice varieties like Kanthi Banko
(Chhattisgarh), Meher, Saraiphul & Danwar (Orissa), Atikaya & Kari Bhatta
(Karnataka), are very common in India. Few varieties cultivated in
restricted pockets of Kerala for their medical properties e.g. Chennellu,
Kunjinellu, Erumakkari & Karuthachembavu etc
1.7.1 Rice is grown under so diverse soil and climatic conditions
that it is said that there is hardly any type of soil in which it cannot be
grown including alkaline and acidic soils. Rice crop has also got wide
physical adaptability. Therefore, it is grown from below sea-level
(Kuttanad area of Kerala) upto an elevation of 2000 metres in Jammu &
Kashmir, hills of Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and North-Eastern Hills
(NEH) areas. The rice growing areas in the country can be broadly grouped
into five regions as discussed below :
i. North-Eastern Region:This region comprises of Assam and North eastern
states. In Assam rice is grown in the basin of Brahmnaputra river. This
region receives very heavy rainfall and rice is grown under rain fed
condition.
ii. Eastern Region This region comprises of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. In this
region rice is grown in the basins of Ganga and Mahanadi rivers and has the
highest intensity of rice cultivation in the country. This region receives
heavy rainfall and rice is grown mainly under rain fed conditions.
iii. Northern Region: This region comprises of Haryana, Punjab, Western
Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. The region
experiences low winter temperature and single crop of rice from May-July to
September-December is grown.
iv. Western Region: This region comprises of Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Rajasthan. Rice is largely grown under rain fed condition during
June-August to October - December.
v. Southern Region: This region comprises of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Rice is mainly grown in deltaic tracts of Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery
rivers and the non-deltaic rain fed area of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
Rice is grown under irrigated condition in deltaic tracts.
Nutrition value
Using genetic engineering techniques rice can produce beta-carotene
(pro-Vitamin A) in the seed endosperm tissue as for example in Golden Rice
(has a gene that produces vitamin A). Although the precise amount of
beta-carotene that Golden Rice variety can produce is not clear, the fact
remains that it could still be beneficial to millions of people with
Vitamin-A deficiency that could possibly lead to blindness. Similarly
research is underway to fortify rice with iron using molecular assisted
breeding techniques as it could help reduce anemia in women. These efforts
are particularly important, as rice being a staple food is the best
mechanism to deliver nutrients to the needy, but nevertheless should not be
seen as a substitute to an otherwise balanced diet. Rice milk, rice flour
and rice grain cereals, are specially benefited with the emphasis on
nutritional fortification of rice.
HAVE I TO SAY ANYTHING ORE-MORE THAAN THE EXTRACTS FROM THE
RESEARCHED ARTICLE? WHO IS A SCHOLAR? KR IRS 22224
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Q3 How long does it take for Earth to go around our sun once? What
is that called?
KR This is what I call as LIVING IN FOOL’S PARADISE; SOME JEFF
LEWIS? I HAD ALREADY WRITTEN IN DETAIL FROM OUR SANSKRIT LITERATURE; AND
STORING AFTER, SLOWLY TRYING TO SHOW THAT HE IS A FOOL? 13000 years nothing
will happen as Lewis says. It’s a hoax. Precission is the right word and
Krithika star as the opening in astronomy and astrology I wrote long back.
So search for scholars here and not elsewhere or else …………
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Q5 What was the happiest moment in your life?
KR Happiness is only sat chit ananda and all others are leading to
sufferings only; ladies drinking beer also says they are happy.
KR IRS 22224
On Thu, 22 Feb 2024 at 07:43, 'gopala krishnan' via KeralaIyers <
[email protected]> wrote:
> CULTURAL QA 02-2024-22A
>
> All the below QA are from Quora DIGEST to me on 22-02-2024.
>
> Selected quora answers generally interesting are included .Still they need
> not be 100% correct answers.
>
> Compiled and posted by R. Gopala Krishnan, 80, on 22-02-2024.
>
> Q1 If eating white rice daily is unhealthy, how come our Indian
> ancestors are so healthy though they used to have it daily 3 times?
>
> A1 Dr. Balaji Viswanathan, follows government policies closely.8y
>
> Our ancestors didn't eat 3 square meals a day. In south Indian villages,
> people would start their day with a Congee[porridge made of a variety of
> millets] work on the fields for most of the day and come home to a fairly
> heavy dinner before the sun sets. If they were well off, they could afford
> a dosa or idly in the middle and maybe bananas or other seasonal fruits.
> That's pretty much it.
>
> They didn't sip Coke in the middle. Nor snack on biscuits, chips and all
> the other sugary, fatty stuff. And they didn't have 3 timely meals. Food,
> especially sugar, was scarce until the 20th century. Most importantly,
> they could not afford to sit & work all day like most of us do. Field work
> burns every calorie they had.
>
> Rice intake increased drastically only after the green revolution. Until
> then millets like ragi, thinai and kezhvaragu provided a sizable chunk of
> the calories. And as other posters mentioned, they also ate rice whose
> outer shell was not removed through milling.
>
> And finally. Not everything our ancestors was necessarily right. They did
> many things right, but not all. Remember, 200 years ago life expectancies
> and quality of life was in general lower than ours.
>
> My note- Even in my boyhood days death at age 65-70 was considered as
> old age death.
>
> Q2 What are some of the greatest examples of presence of mind?
>
> A2 Shiv C,BE from NIE Institute of Technology (NIEIT)Updated 6y
>
> Once Swami Vivekananda[1] was travelling in a train in America.
>
> In the same compartment which Swamiji travelled there were three girls
> travelling
> who made fun of his looks. And tried to annoy him.
>
> The girls made fun all along, passed comments and tried hard to irritate
> him. Girls presumed that Swamiji did not understand English.
>
> They saw an expensive wrist watch on Swamiji’s wrist, which probably was
> gifted by one of his devotees, they now asked Swamiji to give that watch
> to them else they will complain the cops that he tried to harrass them.
>
> But Swamiji gave no reply, he just made a hand gesture that he couldn’t
> hear, and is deaf.
>
> Again he made a gesture that whatever you want to say please write it on
> a piece of paper. So those girls wrote and handed it to Swamiji… and now
> Swamiji spoke elegantly,
>
> “Please call the cops, I want to register a complaint”.
>
> The girls were dumbstruck and shocked.
>
> Footnotes[1]Swami Vivekananda – Wikipediarom your Digest
>
> Q3 How long does it take for Earth to go around our sun once?
> What is that called?
>
> A3 Jeff Lewis, Studied at University of Maryland, College Park
> Oct 17
>
> Okay Quora Prompt Generator, you've drawn me in with another question
> that's more interesting than most people realize.
>
> The time it takes for the Earth to go around the Sun once is known as a
> sidereal year, which is different from a calendar year (or more
> accurately, a tropical year). And it's not just because calendar years have
> to use whole days – even with leap years, sidereal years and calendar years
> drift away from each other.
>
> The issue comes down to what we want a year to represent. It seems that
> society has settled on wanting a year to represent the cycle of the
> seasons. We should all remember from grade school that the seasons are
> caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis, but this tilt wobbles, or
> 'precesses'. While the Earth's axis is currently aimed more or less at the
> North Star, because of this wobble, in about 13,000 years, it will be aimed
> closer to Vega. So, if we measured years as the time it takes the Earth
> to go around the Sun, then 13,000 years from now, the seasons would be
> switched. January in the northern hemisphere would be warm, while July
> would be cold, and solstices and equinoxes would all be 6 months out of
> phase compared to where they are now.
>
> So, to keep a year representing the cycle of the seasons, we use a
> slightly different definition of a year – the time for the Sun to return to
> the same relative position in the sky (i.e. vernal equinox to vernal
> equinox, or summer solstice to summer solstice). This is technically known
> as a tropical year, and is around 20 minutes shorter than a sidereal year.
> Using tropical years means that 13,000 year from now, the summer solstice
> will still take place in June, but the Earth will be on the opposite side
> of the Sun when it happens.
>
> ABOVE SOURCE: As Earth wobbles due to precession, do the seasons change in
> regard to the months (i.e., 13,000 years from now, will June be winter for
> the Northern Hemisphere and December summer)? | Astronomy.com
>
> This is also the reason why the signs of the Zodiac are drifting. While
> 13,000 years is a pretty long time, it's still short enough to be noticed
> in the time frame of civilization. Since the signs of the Zodiac were based
> on the constellations the Sun was passing through at the time, and that
> it's been around 4,000 years ago since those signs were first developed,
> that means that the difference between sidereal and tropical years means
> the constellations have drifted roughly 31% of the way (4/13) to their
> opposite relative locations. Or another way to look at it, 4/13 is really
> close to 4/12, which means the signs have shifted just about 4 places by
> now.
>
> So, to answer the question with actual values, the time it takes the
> Earth to go around the Sun, a sidereal year, is 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes
> 10 seconds, while the cycle of the seasons, a tropical year, is 365 days 5
> hours 48 minutes 46 seconds.
>
> A calendar year, pretty obviously, is nearly always either 365 days or 366
> days depending on whether or not it's a leap year (with the occasional
> leap second), with the timing of leap years designed to keep the calendar
> years in sync with the seasons.
>
> Q4 What are some of the greatest examples of presence of mind?
>
> A4 Shashwat Sahai, Updated 6y
>
> 2016. Class 12th. Physics Board practical.
>
> It was my turn for the viva. The external was asking questions about our
> project files and model.
>
> I had this AC generator project and had prepared a small model as well.
> The generic… “how to make an ac generator youtube video”. I was pretty
> confident about it since physics was a piece of cake for me.
>
> So the viva started pretty smooth. He asked me some questions from the
> project report, some other miscellaneous questions which I answered pretty
> well.
>
> But then out of nowhere came this next question…
>
> “How many turns of wire are there in your generator?”
>
> For a moment I was dumbstruck. I had no idea about the number of turns in
> the generator.
>
> But then it hit me… Nor does he!
>
> So very quickly I said…
>
> “248 turns sir. Actually I planned for 250 but then I had to unwind a
> couple of turns to connect it to the bulb.”
>
> He seemed satisfied. He even gave me a hint of a smile which I think was
> because he realised my little shenanigan.
>
> So a tip for all those appearing for the boards this year.Learn to Lie.
>
> My note- The local re-winders of motors weigh the old copper wires used
> for winding and take a little more new wire for rewinding unless details
> are mentioned in the motor given for repair.
>
> Q5 What was the happiest moment in your life?
>
> A5 Anuj Sajwan, Studied at Delhi University ( DU ) (Graduated
> 2023)Jan 25
>
> One day, I was heading home from my institute, and on that particular day,
> my friends were also absent. Standing at the bus stop alone, a beggar
> approached me and asked for some money, mentioning that he had been
> hungry for many days, as people often do. I had 100 rupees in my pocket,
> and without much thought, I gave it to him, considering that he must be
> going through a tough time. As soon as I handed him the money, a smile
> appeared on his face, and he walked away.
>
> Coincidentally, I had forgotten my earphones at the institute, so I
> started walking back to retrieve them. The beggar was walking ahead of
> me, and he suddenly stopped to buy some food items.
>
> He handed them to his wife and children on the roadside. I observed
> silently, not letting him know that I was watching.
>
> However, as he continued his journey, he again started begging for alms.
>
> I felt a strange mix of emotions seeing him. Despite being hungry himself,
> he selflessly thought about his family. In my bag, I had some emergency
> money, around 50 or 100 rupees. I approached him, handed over the money,
> and told him not to worry as it might help him in his difficult situation.
>
> He was surprised and grateful, saying, "Sir, why are you giving me more?
> You already helped." I replied that it was okay and that it might be
> useful for him later. He thanked me with folded hands, and his face lit up
> with a genuine smile. I then continued on my way.
>
> Seeing his family and witnessing the change in his expression, I felt a
> deep sense of happiness. With a small act of kindness, I had managed to
> bring a smile to someone's face and, in turn, positively impact the lives
> of his family.
>
> Respect your father- He sacrifice more things for you -
>
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