CULTURAL QA 06202417
Topic- Simple Physics. Base Quora QA-Compiled
Q1 What happens to a bullet if it is shot into the air?
KR It is a simple IIT Entrance Examination question;
Trajectile is an illusion due to the spinning of the earth, like as you
see, from a distance, people suddenly, upraising from a staircase, which in
close Range looks as levelled; or standing on the shore of the sea,
perceive the horizon curved, which gets straitened as you walk towards it.
The physics of bullet firing encompasses a range of
principles from classical mechanics and thermodynamics to fluid dynamics
and materials science. Here are some key aspects:
When a bullet is fired, it follows a trajectory determined *by projectile*
motion. This motion is influenced by the initial velocity imparted by the
firearm, the angle of firing, and the gravitational force acting on the
bullet. The trajectory can be approximated by considering the forces acting
on the bullet, primarily gravity and air resistance.
The study of ballistics involves understanding how bullets behave in flight
and upon impact. External ballistics deals with the motion of the bullet
through the air, while terminal ballistics focuses on what happens upon
impact with a target. Factors such as bullet shape, weight, velocity, and
the drag force exerted by the air affect both external and terminal
ballistics.
The process of firing a bullet involves the rapid expansion of gases
produced by the combustion of gunpowder (or other propellant). This
expansion propels the bullet down the barrel of the firearm. The
relationship between the pressure generated by the expanding gases and the
dimensions of the barrel affects the velocity and stability of the bullet.
The kinetic energy of a bullet is a crucial factor in its effectiveness.
Kinetic energy (KE=1/2mV22KE =21mv2) increases with the square of the
velocity (v) and is directly proportional to the mass (m) of the bullet.
Momentum (p=mvp = mvp=mv), which is the product of mass and velocity, is
also important in understanding how the bullet interacts with its target.
{Real Physics}
Firing a bullet generates significant heat due to the friction between the
bullet and the barrel of the firearm. This heat can affect the bullet's
performance and the firearm's durability over time. Materials science plays
a role in designing barrels and bullets that can withstand these conditions.
The stability of a bullet's flight is influenced by its spin, (in
acceleration why Planets only have to spin?) imparted by rifling inside the
barrel of the firearm. This spin stabilizes the bullet in flight, reducing
deviations from its intended trajectory due to air resistance and other
factors. (The spin and the perfection of the barrel determine the sure shot
of the target especially in sniper rifles.
AND ENTIRE LIFE IS ONLY BASED ON PHYSICS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q2 What is gravity?
I 1200BCE: Vaisheshika sutrams @ aphorisms By Kanadha Rishi the
scientist:
Vaisheshika Sutra discuss about role of Gravity in mainly three events:
1) Why does an object held fall when you let go?
To describe this first of all Sutra 5.1.6 states:
आत्मकर्म हस्तसंयोगाश्च ।
Action of body and it's members is also from conjunction with the hand.
As the above Sutra describes that it is due to conjunction with hand object
remains. Then the next Sutra describes that in the absence of onjunction
falling results due to Gravity.
संयोगभावे गुरुत्वात्पतनम (V.S. 5.1.7)
In the absence of conjunction falling results from Gravity.
Thus, it clearly recognizes objects fall downward due to Gravity.
2) Why does an object thrown in air fall after sometime?
Then Vaishesika Sutra discuss role of Gravity in falling of moving objects.
It gives through the analogy of arrow. First it gives mechanism of arrow
projection in Sutra 5.1.17
नोदनाद्यभिषोः कर्म तत्कर्मकारिताच्च संस्कारादुत्तरं तथोत्तरमुत्तरं च ।।
The first action of arrow is from impulse; the next is resultant energy
produced by the first action, and similarly the next next.
Then it explains why it falls in next Sutra.
संस्काराभावे गुरुत्वात्पतनम (V.S. 5.1.18)
In the absence of resultant/propulsive energy generated by action, falling
results from Gravity.
3) Why does water fall (and rise) ?
Then the Sutras discuss cause of falling of water from sky.
अपां संयोगाभावे गुरुत्वात्पतनम (V.S. 5.2.3)
The falling of water in absence of conjunction is due to Gravity.
Then it discusses flow of water.
द्रवथ्वास्यन्दनम् (V.S. 5.2.4)
Flowing results from fluidity.
Then it discusses why water rises.
नाड्यो वायुसंयोगादारोहणम् ।(V.S. 5.2.5)
The Suns rays (cause) the ascent of water through conjunction with air.
Thus, from above Sutras, we can acknowledge that Vaisheshika Sutra clearly
discuss Gravity. It uses the word "Gurutwa" which is also used in present
time to represent Gravity. Gurutwa means force which arises due to mass.
{GURU is originated from Guritwam gravity; guru akarshineses the sishya and
sishya revolve around him.
Rig Veda 8.12.28
यदा ते हर्यता हरी वावृधाते दिवेदिवे । आदित्ते विश्वा भुवनानि येमिरे ॥
yadā te haryatā harī vāvṛdhāte dive-dive | ād it te viśvā bhuvanāni yemire
||
“When your beloved horses had augmented day by day, then all existent
beings were subject unto you. “subjected is akarshana gravitational force
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Gravitation, one of the fundamental forces of nature, governs the motion of
celestial bodies and plays a crucial role in shaping the universe as we
know it. Here’s an overview of the key concepts and principles related to
gravitation:
*Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation*
Sir Isaac Newton formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation, which states
that every mass attracts every other mass with a force that is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to
the square of the distance between their centres. Mathematically, it is
expressed as:
F=G/m1m2r ^2F =G/r2m1m2
where:
- F is the gravitational force between two masses m1 and m2,
- G is the gravitational constant (G≈6.67430×10 ^−11 m3 kg−1 s−2G
- r is the distance between the centres of the masses.
*Gravitational Field*
Gravitational field is a concept used to describe the influence of a mass
on the space around it. The gravitational field strength at a point is the
force per unit mass experienced by a test mass placed at that point. Near
the Earth's surface, the gravitational field strength g is approximately
9.81 m/s ^29.81 /s2.
*Gravitational Potential Energy*
The gravitational potential energy (U) between two masses in a
gravitational field is the energy stored in the system due to their
positions relative to each other. It is given by:
U=−Gm1m2rU =−rGm1m2
where r is the distance between the centres of the masses.
*Orbits and Kepler's Laws*
Johannes Kepler formulated three laws of planetary motion, which describe
the motion of planets around the Sun:
1. *Law of Orbits*: Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one
focus.
2. *Law of Areas*: A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out
equal areas during equal intervals of time.
3. *Law of Periods*: The square of the orbital period of a planet is
directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
*General Relativity*
Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity provides a more
comprehensive understanding of gravitation, describing it as the curvature
of spacetime caused by mass and energy. In this theory, gravity is not just
a force between masses but a manifestation of the curvature of spacetime.
*Applications*
- *Planetary Motion*: Gravitation explains the orbits of planets, moons,
and other celestial bodies in the solar system and beyond.
- *Tides*: Gravitational forces between the Earth, Moon, and Sun cause
ocean tides.
- *Orbital Mechanics*: Understanding gravitation is crucial for space
missions, satellite orbits, and celestial navigation.
- *Cosmology*: Gravitation plays a key role in the formation and
evolution of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the large-scale structure
of the universe.
In short Einstein added space gravity is different from that of the newton
gravity.
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxK RAJARAM IRS 17624XXXXXXXXXXX
Q3 What is the absolute location of India?
KR Location of any place is graphically co-ordinated; and will
never change; because all the dots are on the move and so you and me and
ALL THE FROUP MEMEBERS RESING IN India or USA or Europe or Africa and
Australia , are on that spot only and adopt to the movements. The
displacement of the world earth crests or plates cracked when the Bharatha
varsha was there and 7 continents mentioned in the first book of the world,
left the 7 continents (not 5). And movement is not continuous. The axis
changes every 26000 years; so also, when the plate shifts.
Plate shifting, or more specifically tectonic plate movement,
refers to the geological process where large sections of the Earth's
lithosphere (the outermost shell of the Earth) move relative to each other.
This movement is responsible for phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic
activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.
In Hindu cosmology and mythology, there are several perspectives on
the nature of the Earth and its movements. While ancient Hindu texts like
the Vedas, Puranas, and various epics do not explicitly detail tectonic
plate movements as understood by modern geology, they offer insights into
cosmological and metaphysical understandings of the Earth and its structure.
Perspectives from Hindu Cosmology: Bhugola (Earth Geography):
Hindu scriptures describe the Earth (Bhugola) as consisting of concentric
layers or realms (lokas), including the realms of the gods (Devaloka),
humans (Manushyaloka), and lower beings (Patala). These are often depicted
as stacked realms rather than distinct planetary bodies as understood in
modern astronomy.
Mount Meru and Cosmic Geography:
Hindu cosmology often refers to Mount Meru (or Sumeru), a cosmic mountain
that acts as the axis mundi or center of the universe. It is believed to be
located at the North Pole and is surrounded by various continents, oceans,
and realms. While metaphorical and symbolic, Mount Meru does not directly
correspond to geological features like tectonic plates.
Cycles of Creation and Destruction (Yugas):
Hinduism posits cycles of creation and destruction (Yugas), where the
universe undergoes periodic phases of expansion (creation) and contraction
(destruction). These cycles are not directly tied to geological processes
but reflect broader cosmological principles of impermanence and cyclical
change.
In Hindu mythology, natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods are
often attributed to the actions of gods, cosmic forces, or the balancing of
karma. These events are interpreted symbolically within the framework of
divine will and cosmic balance rather than purely geological phenomena.
Hindu scriptures emphasize the impermanence and transience of
material existence (maya) and the eternal nature of the soul (atman). Thus,
while geological events may have physical causes, their spiritual
interpretation often focuses on the larger metaphysical lessons they impart.
In summary, while Hindu cosmology and mythology provide rich
symbolic and metaphysical insights into the nature of the Earth and the
cosmos, they do not directly address modern scientific concepts such as
tectonic plate movements. Hindu perspectives on the Earth's structure and
changes are primarily symbolic and philosophical, emphasizing spiritual
truths and cosmic principles rather than scientific explanations of
geological processes.
Tectonic plate movements are a fundamental concept
in the field of Earth sciences, specifically in geology and geophysics.
This theory, known as plate tectonics, provides a comprehensive explanation
for various geological phenomena and the dynamics of the Earth's
lithosphere (outer shell).
The Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large and rigid plates that
float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates Plates
move apart from each other. This movement can lead to the formation of
mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust is created.
Plates move toward each other. Depending on the type of crust involved
(continental or oceanic), convergent boundaries can lead to subduction
zones, volcanic arcs, and mountain building.
Plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement is responsible for
earthquakes along faults such as the San Andreas Fault in California.
The driving forces behind plate tectonics include:
Mantle Convection: Heat-driven circulation within the Earth's mantle
creates currents that drag and push the overlying lithospheric plates.
Slab Pull: The denser oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at
subduction zones, pulling the rest of the plate along.
Ridge Push: The elevated mid-ocean ridges push the newly formed oceanic
crust away from the ridge axis.
Geological Features and Phenomena:
Plate tectonics explain a wide range of geological features and phenomena,
including:
Earthquakes: Resulting from the sudden release of accumulated stress along
faults.
Volcanism: Associated with magma generation at subduction zones and
mid-ocean ridges.
Mountain Building: Such as the Himalayas formed by the collision of the
Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate.
Evidence Supporting Plate Tectonics:
Palaeomagnetism: Magnetic minerals in rocks record the Earth's magnetic
field at the time of their formation, providing evidence of past plate
movements.
Fossil Distribution: Similar fossils and geological formations found on
opposite sides of ocean basins suggest that continents were once connected
(continental drift).
Seafloor Spreading: Mapping of the ocean floor has revealed mid-ocean
ridges and patterns of magnetic striping that support the idea of new crust
formation at divergent boundaries.
Implications and Applications:
Understanding plate tectonics is crucial for:
Natural hazard assessment and mitigation (earthquakes, tsunamis).
Resource exploration (minerals, hydrocarbons).
Understanding Earth's past climates and environments.
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx K Rajaram IRS
Q4 Why is light not affected by magnetic fields?
KR SMDW: Photons are the fundamental particles of light and
other forms of electromagnetic radiation, with no rest mass and properties
that are described by quantum mechanics.
Electromagnets are devices that create magnetic fields through electric
currents, with applications in many practical technologies.
Both concepts are integral to the field of electromagnetism, with photons
representing the quantum mechanical aspect and electromagnets representing
practical applications of magnetic fields generated by electric currents.
Pl note that there are so many energies in space which do not interfere
unless made parallel by quantum mechanics.
Q5 Why is the power of cars measured in horsepower?
KR Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement for power, which
is the rate at which work is done. It is particularly popular in the
context of engines and motors. However, horsepower is not the only
measurement for power; there are several other units and ways to measure
power, each used in different contexts or regions. Here are some
alternatives: (hence misinforming only a HP, sounds as if all fallow thus}
*Other Units of Power*
1. *Watt (W)*:
o The watt is the SI (International System of Units) unit of power.
o 1 horsepower is equivalent to approximately 746 watts.
o Watts are commonly used in electrical applications and scientific
contexts.
o Larger quantities of power are often expressed in kilowatts (kW),
where 1 kW = 1,000 watts.
2. *Kilowatt (kW)*:
o As mentioned, 1 kilowatt equals 1,000 watts.
o This unit is often used to measure the power output of engines,
electrical devices, and appliances.
o 1 horsepower is approximately 0.746 kW.
3. *British Thermal Unit per Hour (BTU/h)*:
o BTU per hour is used mainly in heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems.
o 1 horsepower is roughly equal to 2,545 BTU/h.
4. *Foot-Pounds per Second (ft**⋅**lbf/s)*:
o This unit measures power in terms of mechanical energy.
o *1 horsepower is equivalent to 550 foot-pounds per second.*
o Used in certain scientific contexts, especially in thermodynamics.
o 1 horsepower is approximately 178.1 calories per second. {Now one can
understand that as human we who are horse-powered, by workouts shed or
discharge by calories which would show also how many HP we shed down}
- Horsepower was originally defined by James Watt to compare the power
of steam engines to the work done by horses.
- It became a popular and relatable way to convey engine power to the
general public.
- In the automotive industry, horsepower remains a standard because
it is familiar and has been used for decades.{Simple My Dear Watson}
- However, in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, power is more commonly
measured in kilowatts.
- Horsepower is widely used to describe the power output of internal
combustion engines.
- For electric vehicles, kilowatts are often used, though
manufacturers sometimes convert this to horsepower for marketing to
maintain consistency with traditional vehicles.
- Watts and kilowatts are the standard units for power rating.
- BTU/h is commonly used to describe the power of air conditioners
and heaters.
While horsepower is a widely recognized and historically significant unit
of measurement for power, especially in the automotive industry, other
units like watts, kilowatts, and BTU/h are also commonly used in different
contexts. The choice of unit depends on the industry, application, and
regional standards. BECAUSE MACHINES THAT TRAVEL AND OLD HOERSES USED FOR
TRAVEL WERE MATCHED IN COMPARISON. K RAJARAM IRS 17624 18624
On Mon, 17 Jun 2024 at 08:26, 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <
[email protected]> wrote:
> *CULTURAL QA 06-2024-17*
>
> *Topic- Simple Physics. Base Quora QA-Compiled*
>
> *Q1 What happens to a bullet if it is shot into the air?*
>
> A1 Karen Solvig, May 28
>
> Here's what happens when you shoot a bullet straight up into the air.
>
> When you fire a gun straight up, the bullet will eventually reach its
> apex, where it will momentarily pause before falling back down towards the
> ground.
>
> But here's the surprising part - the bullet won't quite fall back down to
> the exact spot where you fired it.
>
> That's because the Earth rotates, which means the bullet will be
> deflected slightly to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the
> left in the southern hemisphere, due to the Coriolis effect.
>
> As the bullet rises, air resistance will cause it to slow down, generating
> heat, and eventually, it will reach a speed of about 400-500 meters per
> second.
>
> At this point, the air molecules around the bullet will heat up, causing
> them to expand and create a shockwave that produces a sonic boom.Now, if
> you were to shoot the bullet from a high enough altitude, it could
> potentially reach the edge of the atmosphere and escape Earth's
> gravitational pull.
>
> In theory, it would enter into a low Earth orbit, but it would likely
> disintegrate due to the extreme heat and friction generated during
> re-entry.Ultimately, the bullet will return to the ground, but not
> necessarily where you fired it.
>
> Its trajectory will be influenced by factors like wind resistance, air
> density, and the Coriolis effect, making its final resting place difficult
> to predict.
>
> *Q2 What is gravity?*
>
> A2 Alan ,Innovation composites/machinery 41 years. multiple
> patents May 3
>
> I read of Sir Isaac Newton and his theory of gravitational attraction.
> Indeed he reportedly surmised why the apple falls, Should it not go
> sideways, or upwards? but constantly to the earths centre? Assuredly, the
> reason is, that the earth draws it. There must be a drawing power in
> matter. & the sum of the drawing power in the matter of the earth must be
> in the earth’s centre, not in any side of the earth. therefore does this
> apple fall perpendicularly, or toward the centre. if matter thus draws
> matter; it must be in proportion of its quantity. therefore, the apple
> draws the earth, as well as the earth draws the apple.”
>
> So sir Isaac, followed by Albert Einstein continued to describe gravity as
> an attracting force. Well is it? The exact same motion direction of the
> apple can be explained equally by the apple being pushed. Neither Sir
> Isaac nor Albert explain what gravity is but go to enormous lengths to
> describe its effect.
>
> How celestial bodies orbit one another, How to keep a satellite in
> geostationary orbit and what happens around black holes.
>
> So what can this unseen force we call gravity be? If a push from where
> comes the push?
>
> We learn in recent decades that empty space is not empty but full of matter.
> Let us consider neutrinos, trillions of which pass through our world and us
> every second. We learn they have mass albeit tiny. Now it would be
> reasonable to conclude that in the path of this omnipresent neutrino
> blizzard those passing through us horizontally are equal and opposite so
> neutral push effect however those passing through us or any object from
> above and below are always greater in intensity from above . Why?
>
> The path of neutrinos from above comes directly unimpeded from deep space
> whereas those from the ground must pass through 8000 miles of molten and
> hardened rock of our planet. It is reasonable to consider that neutrinos
> passage through our planet will be subject to an attenuating effect either
> in speed/energy or density .
>
> *The push therefore is the difference in neutrino gravity from above being
> greater than that from below*. The greater the planet size and density
> makeup the greater the neutrino gravity.
>
> Earth tides . As the moon is positioned above the ocean it
> shields/partially slows neutrinos from deep space on that earthly face
> meaning neutrino push from the opposite backside non moon side upon the
> ocean floor towards the moon. Ie. High tide event.
>
> The ISIS is therefore in a fine balance between centripetal force at 27000
> mph and the neutrino gravity push keeping it from escaping outwards from
> its orbit in to deep space.
>
> *Q3 What is the absolute location of India?*
>
> A3 clonemyvoice.ioMay 25
>
> The question of India's absolute location seems simple, but it's more
> complicated than you think.
>
> India is not just a country, it's a subcontinent that was once a separate
> landmass that collided with Eurasia.
>
> In fact, the Indian tectonic plate was moving northwards at a speed of
> about 6 cm per year, and it's still moving, which is why we have frequent
> earthquakes in the region.
>
> The Indian subcontinent is situated on the Eurasian plate, but it's also
> being pushed beneath the Eurasian plate, a process called subduction, which
> is responsible for the formation of the Himalayas.
>
> This process started about 55 million years ago and is still ongoing,
> which is why the Himalayas are still growing taller by about 1 inch per
> year.
>
> The Indian plate is also being stretched and deformed, which is why the
> region is prone to earthquakes.
>
> The location of India is also affected by the Earth's slightly ellipsoidal
> shape, which means that the distance from the center of the Earth to the
> surface varies depending on the latitude and longitude.
>
> This variation in distance affects the gravitational pull on the Earth's
> surface, which in turn affects the location of India.
>
> In addition, the rotation of the Earth also plays a role in determining
> India's location.
>
> The rotation of the Earth causes the equator to bulge outward, which means
> that the distance between the equator and the center of the Earth is
> slightly longer than the distance between the poles and the center of the
> Earth.
>
> This means that India's location varies slightly depending on the time of
> day and the season.
>
> Lastly, even the concept of "location" is relative, thanks to Einstein's
> theory of general relativity.
>
> According to this theory, gravity warps the fabric of spacetime, which
> means that the location of India is not fixed, but is dependent on the
> observer's frame of reference.
>
> *Q4 Why is light not affected by magnetic fields?*
>
> A4 Silk Road, Physics Connoisseur, AI Machine Learning.Apr 15
>
> This question gets straight to the heart of how the universe likes to play
> its games.
>
> Imagine a crowded party.
>
> You see someone tugging on a friend's sleeve, urging them in a particular
> direction – that's kind of how a magnetic field works on charged particles,
> like electrons or protons.
>
> They each carry an electric charge—positive or negative—and this charge
> acts like a handle that electromagnetic forces can grab.
>
> Light, those photons zipping around the room, they're more like those
> elusive guests who slip through the crowd unnoticed.
>
> No handle, no electric charge, and thus nothing for the magnetic field to
> latch onto.
>
> It's as if magnets and light exist in slightly different dimensions; their
> paths can cross, but they never truly touch.
>
>
>
> Don't think that makes the story boring, though!
>
> Remember how light behaves as both a particle (photon) and a wave?
>
> *Well, even though light's particles themselves remain unaffected by
> magnetic fields, these fields can mess with the way them waves dance.*
>
> This is the Faraday Effect: stick a material in a magnetic field and it
> can twist the polarization of light passing through, messing with the way
> the light wave wiggles.
>
> And hey, if things get really wild, like around those monster magnets
> called neutron stars, the magnetic fields are so intense they bend
> spacetime itself.
>
> Since light obediently follows the curves of the universe, it seems to
> bend too, even though it's a side effect, not a direct interaction with the
> magnetic field itself.
>
> Q5 Why is the power of cars measured in horsepower?
>
> A5 Silk Road, Physics Connoisseur, AI Machine Learning.Apr 28
>
> Yea, it'd make way more sense to use something relevant, like kilowatts.
>
> Modern cars and 18th-century farm animals aren't exactly a logical pairing.
>
> The culprit behind this absurdity is our old pal James Watt, the steam
> engine guy.
>
> Back in the day, when steam power was still the hot new thing, Watt needed
> a way to sell his fancy machines to people who relied heavily on horses.
>
> So, he cooked up the concept of "horsepower" to directly compare his
> engines to the well-understood muscle power of a horse.
>
> Watt performed some experiments (probably involving very patient horses)
> and concluded that one horsepower was equal to a horse lifting 33,000
> pounds one foot in one minute.
>
> It was a great marketing gimmick, but not the most scientific of
> measurements.
>
> Horses vary in strength, and let's be real, how motivated was that horse
> to work for an entire minute?
>
> But, the concept stuck.
>
> Even though horses became about as relevant to transportation as floppy
> disks are to data storage, we continue to cling to this archaic
> measurement.
>
> Cars have become marvels of technology, with turbochargers, hybrid
> systems, and computers more powerful than the ones that landed us on the
> moon, yet we still describe their potential with a unit based on livestock.
>
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