Homa Prakriyas PART 3 KR IRS 17624 18624
XV Taittiriyana Madhahnika Sandhya: Taittireeyaas perform
Aachamaniya with the Mantra Aapah punantu and with Dadhihraavrun give
Arghya to Surya and as before stand up and perform ‘Upasthaana’. The
relevant Mantras are: Om Udvyam Om Udyutyam Jatavedhasam Om Chitram
Devaanaam Om TatcchhashthurDevahitam purastaat Om Ya Udagaan mahato and so
on. Kartiyanaas also recite Aapah punantu as stated earlier; one Arghya to
Gayatri; Upasthaana is with Udvaayana and other Ruchas; and if possible
with Vibhraat etc Anuvaka after Japaanta as in the case of the Pratah kala
Sandhya.
XVI Saayam Sandhya: The Evening Sandhya is also on the lines of the
Morning Sandhya, excepting the ‘Mantraachamana’ with the Mantra:
Agnischamaakshanyuscha Manyupatayascha Manyukrutebhyah Paapebhyo
Rakshantaam,Yadahna Paapa makaarsham/ Manasaa Vaachaa hastaabhyaam
padbhyaamudarena Shishnaa, Ahastadavalampatu Yatkincha duritam mayi
Idamiham maamamtrutayonou/ Satye jyotishi juhomi swaahaa/ The Upasthaana
Mantra is to Varuna Deva with Imammey Varuna shrudhee havamadyaa cha
Mridaya Tatwaavasyuraachakey/ Tatwaayaami Brahmanaa Vandamaanasta
daashaastey Yajamaano havirbhih/ Ahedamaano Varunehabodhyuru sagumsamaa na
Aayuh pramoshih/ Yacchidditey visho yathaa prtadeva Varuna vratam
minimasidya-vidyavi/ Yatkinchidedam Varuna Daivyejanebhi droham
Manushyaascharaamasi/ Achitteeyattava Dharmaayu yopi mamaanastasmaa denaso
Devarii rishaah/ Kitavaaso yadri rupena deviyadvaagha –asatyamutayaanna
vidma, Sarvaataavishya shitireva Devataa syaama Vanuna
priyaasah/ Following the Upasthaana, there should be
Samishthi Devataa Vandana and Narayana Samarpana.
XVII Brahma Yagna: This has to be performed after Pratah Homa or
after the Madhyaahnika Sandhya or after the Vaishwa Deva. According to the
Bhattoji Dikshita Grandha, Brahma Yagna be done after Pratah Kaala Ahuti
while Aashvayaalanaas felt that its ‘Anushthaana’ should be appropriately
be after Madyaahna Sandhya. The Karta should preferably wear a dry Vastra,
and after Aachamana and Pranaayama should make the Sankalpa:
Parmeshwara preetyartham Brahma Yagnam Karishye tadandatayaa Deva
Rishyaachaarya tarpanam karishye/
( Parameshwara! I intend to perform Brahma Yagna and as an ancillary to
do Pitru Tarpana also ; --in case parents are not alive –Mrita Pitru
tarpanam Karishye/ ) He should sit in yogic form or in ‘Padmaasana’ on
‘Darbhaas’ facing towards East keep Kushas in postion and recite Pranava
Mantra viewing through the ‘Bhrumadhya’ as also the Agnimeeley Sukta in
full. Those who know Vedas should commence the ‘Adhyaayana’ with Rig Veda
followed by other Vedas to the extent that they could. Reading of further
Scriptures like Shastra Purana Exctracts too should continue topping up
with Purusha Sukta and finally thrice with Namo Brahmaney namo Astwagnaye
namah Prithivyai nama Aoushathibhyaha Namo Vaachey Namo Vaachaspataye Namo
Visnavey brihatey karomi. The rest of ‘Vedaadhyayana’could be done while
standing, walking or lying down as suggested by Aashvalaayanaas.
XVIII Tarpana Vidhana: Deva Tarpana be first performed with
‘Darbhaagraas’ and finger tops in ‘Savyopaveeta’ position. Devarshi Tarpana
with ‘Saakshataas’ or rice grains; Tila Tarpana is done for Acharyas and
Pitru Devatas. Deva Tarpana:
Prajaapatirtrupyatu, Brahmaa Trupyatu, Vedaa-strupyantu, Devaas -trupyantu,
Rishayastrupyantu, Sarvaani Chhandaamsi Tripyantu, Omkaara -strupyatu,
Vashat kaarastrupyatu, Vyahrutayan tripyantu, Savitri tripyatu, Yagnaas
tripyantu, Dyaavaa Prithivi triptayaam, Antrariksham Tripyatu, Ahoraatraani
tripyantu, Saankhyaastrupyantu, Siddhaas Tripyantu,Samudraastupyantu,
Nadyastruptyantu, Giriyastrup yantyum, Kshetroshadhi -Vanaspati
Gandharvaasparastupyanu, Naagaas trupyantu,Vayaamsi trupyantu,
Gaavastrupyantu, Saadhyaastrupyantu, Vipraastrupyantu, Yakshaastrupyantu,,
Rakshaamsi tripyantu, Bhutaani tripyantu, Yevamataani tripyantu/
Now to Rishis: Being ‘Niveeti’ or wearng the Yagnopaveeta
around the neck like a garland, Tarpana be performed with water flowing
through the fingers and Darbhas as follows:
Shatarshinastrupyantu, Maadhyaamaa strupyantu, Grutsamada -strupyantu,
Vishwaamitrastrupyatu, Vaamadevastrupyatu, Atristrupyatu,
Bharadwaajastrupyatu, Vasishthastruptyatu, Pragaadhaa -strupyantu,
Paavamaanyas -trupyantu, Kshudra suktaastrup -yantu,and
Mahaasuktaastrupyantu; these are seventeen Rishis.
Then change the Yagnopaveeta into ‘Praacheenaaveeti’ positionand
perform Tarpana in Pitru Tirtha position ie water flowing through thumb and
fingers id doule ‘darbhaagras’ to:
Acharyas viz.Sumantu-Jaimini-Vaishampaayana-Paila-Sutra
Bhashya-Bhaarata-Maha Bhaarata-Dharmaachaa-ryaa strupyantu; Jaananti
Baahavi Gaargya Goutama Shaakalya Baabhravya Maandavya
Maandukeyastrupyantu; Gaargi vaahaknaveet Trupyatu;Vadavaa
Praatideyastrupyatu; Sulabhaa Maitreyistrupyatu; Kaholastrupyatu; Mahaa
Koushitakastrupyatu;Paingastrupyatu; Suyajastrupyatu, Saankhyaaya
-nastrupyatu, Itareyastrupyatu, Mahaitareyastrupyatu, Shaakalas -trupyatu,
Bhaashkalastrupyatu, Sujaata vaktrastrupyatu, Aoudavaahistrupyatu,
Mahoudavaahi strupyatu, Soujaamitrupyatu, Shounakastrupyatu,
Ashwalaayanastrupyatu,Yechaanye Achaaryestey Sarvetrupyantu/ These are
twenty three Acharyas.
Now those Kartaas who do not have their parents alive
should perform Pitru Tarpanaas to the Three Generations of Pitras on
Paternal and Maternal sides: viz.
Pitru-Pitaamaha-Prapitaamaha and Maatru-Maatru Pitaamahi and
Prapitaamahi; Matru Matamaha –Maatru Prapitaamaha and other Ekoddhishta
Ganaas stating clearly the relationship to the Karta: Sambandham Prathamam
bruyaannama gotra manantaram, Paschaadrupam vijaaneeyaat -krama esha
Sanatanah/
that is when the shabda of Pitaram occurs then his Naama Gotras
followed by Vasu-Rudraa-Aditya Swarupas be pronounced. To Devataas, one
should offer one ‘Anjali’ or palmful, to Rishis two palmfuls and to Pitru
Devatas three palmfuls of offerings be given. To women including mother,
only one palmful of offering be given. In case, the Karta is unable to make
several Tarpanaas, then he might as well make one composite Tarpana
stating:
Apastamba paryantam Devarshi Pitru Manavaah, Trupyantu Pitarassarvey
Maatru Maataa Mahaadayah/ Ateeta Kulakoteenam Sapta dwipa nivaasinaam,
Aabrahma bhuvanaallokaa didamastu tilodakam/
( I am offering Tilodakaas to one and all right from Brahma down to
Trina (grass-piece) paryanta including Devatas, Rishis , Pitru Devatas and
Human Beings besides Matru Maataa Mahaadaas who are the ‘Sapta-dwipasthaas’
of crores of Kulasthaas and drop three palmfuls of water on Bhumi). Later
on he should twist his Anga Vastra with water and drop the wateralong with
the Mantra:
Ekechaasmatkuley jaataa Aputraa gotrajaamrutaah tey gruhnnantu mayaa
duttam vastra nishpeedanodakam/
This should be stated in ‘Praacheenaaveeti’ posture of his
Yagnopaveeta, while others remain in the ‘Niveeti’ or Garland position.
Tila Tarpana however has to be performed preferably out of the Karta’s
house. Brahma Yagna is preferably performed near a water body. Tarpana is
required to be done on Darbhas spread on Bhumi but not in water. Or it can
be done in a vessel and latter in a watery ditch but not on plain Earth.
The vessel should not be an earthen pot. It is further stated: Daiva Tirtha
is that which is offered on the finger tips:
Aangulyagrey Daivam Tirtham swalpaangulyoh mulekeyam,
Madhye-ngushthangulyoh Paitram Mooleyhyamgushthasyabraahmam/
(When given from the finger tips, the water is called Daiva Tirtha;
given from the middle and little fingers it converts as Manushya Tirtha;
given from the thumb and middle finger it is Pitru Tirtha and from only the
thumb it is called Brahma Tirtha). Besides Tila Tarpana, Pinda Daana and
Mrittikaa Snaana are forbidden on Sundays and Fridays, during
Krittika-Magha and Bharani Nakshatras and on Manvaadi and Yugaadi Days. At
the Shraadhha of parents, and in Nitya Tarpanas Tila Prayoga is forbidden
although tila prayoga is allowed on Parva Dinaas despite Tithi-Vaara
nishedha. Also
, Vikirey pinda daanecha tarpaney snaana karmani aachantassan prakurveeta
darbha santyaajanam budhah/
(Darbha Tyaaga is required to be done only after Achamana at the time
of Pinda daana and Tarpana) and the Mantra for doing so is:Yeshaam pitaana
bhraataa na putronaanya gotrinah, tey sarvey trupimaayaam tu
mayot-suushtaih kushodakaih/ ( May my father, brothers, sons or Sagotris be
saved from Durgati by these Darbha jalaas!)
XIX Brahma Yagna by Hiranya Keshiyaas: After following the procedure
of Sankalpa and Gayatri Japa as stated earlier, the Karta then would state:
Isheytorjetwa and commence the ‘Adhyaaya’ or ‘Anuvaaka’ of Rig-Saama
Vedas, Shadangaas, Itihasa-Puranas as per one’s own capacity and conclude
stating Namo Brahmaney thrice. To the ‘Taittireeya Shaakhaites’, Tarpana is
not a part of Brahma Yagna, which could be done later or earlier. Thus the
Hiranya Keshis would straightaway make the Sankalpa: Deva Rishyaachyaarya
Pitru Tarpanam karishye/ Having done so, then they start off the Anjali-ful
Tarpanas; Deva Tarpana:
Brahmaanam Tarpayaami, Prajaapatim Tarpayaami, Brihaspatim Tarpayaami,
Agnim Tarpayaami, Vaayum Tarpayaami, Suryam Tarpayaami, Chandrama
Tarpayaami, Nakshatraani Tarpayaami, Indragraajaanaam Tarpayami, Yamagraaja
-anam Tarpayaami, Varunagraajanaam Tarpayaami,Somagraajaanaam
Tarpayaami,Vaishravanag Raajaanaam Tarpayaami, Vasun Tarpayaami, Rudraan
Tarpayaami, Adityaan Tarpayaami, Vishwa -devaan Tarpayaami, Sadhya devaan
Tarpayaami, Bhrugun Tarpayaami, Marutah Tarpayaami, Adharvanah Tarpayaami,
Angirasah Tarpayami/ Afterwards change the Yagnopaveta to ‘Praachee
-naaveeti’ and resume the Tarpana to Rishis with two ‘Anjalis’ looking
‘Uttaraabhimukha’ or North -ward: Vishwaamitram Tappayaami, Jamadagnim--,
Bharadwaajam--, Gautamim--, Atrim--, Vasishtham--, Kashyapam--,
Arundhatim--, Agastyam--, Krishna Dwaipaayanyam--, Jaatukarnyam--,
Taruksham--,Trunubindam--, Varminam--, Varudhinam--, Vaajinam--,
Satyashrvasam--, Shutashra- vasam--, Somashushmaayanam--, Satyavantam--,
Bruhadukdham--, Vaamadevam--, Vaajiratnam--, Haryajwaayanam--, Udayam--,
Gautamam--, Runamjayam--, Krutamjayam--, Dhanamjayam--, Babhrum--,
Tryarunam--, Trivarsham--, Tridhaatum--, Shibintam--,Paraasharam--,
Vishnum--, Rudram--, Skandam--, Kaashheshwaram--, Jwaram--, Dharmam--,
Artham--, Kaamaam--, Krodham- Vasishtham--, Indram--, Twashtaaram--,
Kartaaram--, Dhartaara--, Dhaataaram--, Mrityum--, Savitaaram--,
Savitrim--, Rigvedam--, Yajurvedam--, Saama Vedam--, Atharva Vedam--,
Itihasa Puraanam--,Tarpayaami/ Now Tarpanam to Other Rishis looking
‘Dakshinaamukha’ or South Facing with ‘Praacheenaveeti’ with Three Anjalis
as follows: Vaishampaayanam Tarpayaami, Veligum--, Tittiram--, Ukham--,
Atreyapadakaaram--, Koundinyam Vrittikaaram--,Sutrakaaraan--,
Satyaasha--adhaam--, Pravachanakartrum--, Aachaaryaan--,Rishin--,
Vaanaprasthaan--,Urthearetasah--, Ekapatnistarpayaami/ Now Tarpana to
Aapastambaa: Brahmadayoyedevastaan, Sarva Devaan, Sarvaan deva ganaanaan,
Sarva Deva Patnih, Sarva Deva Putraan, Sarvaan deva Poutraan, Bhurdevaag,
Bhuvardevaag, Suvardevaag, Bhurbhuvassuvardevaag, Krishna
Dwaipaayanaadayeye Rishastaanrishin, Bhurbhuvassuvaravrishin Tarpayaami.
Thereafter the Pitru Tarpana: Somah
Pitrumaanyamaangirasaswaa-nagnishwaattaan taan Pitrugstarpa –yaami Sarvaan
Pitrun tadpitru paryantaha/
Katyaayana Brahma Yagna Tarpana: To Katyaayanaas, Brahma Yagna
starts with ‘Pragmon- mukha Achamaniya-Pavitra Dharana- Praanaayaama
Sankalpa’ with Darbhas in hand seated with right-knee holding
‘Sutraantaraas’ reciting Gayatri thrice and uttering Ishetwaa followed by
the ‘Pathana’and ‘Shravana’ of Samhitas-Upanishad –Purana- Itihasaas
etc.Then after SwastiVachakas, Madhyaahnika Sandhya be performed and then
Tarpana Karya taken over: As stated earlier, darbhas be spread over, a
Tamra Parta be positioned on Earth, and ‘Vishwey Devaasa Aavaahana’ and
‘Vishwa Devaah Shrunutey’ be done .
Deva Tarpana is then initiated: Om Brahma Tripyataam,
Vishnus-Trupyataam, Rudra-Prajapati-Devaastrupyantaam, Chaandaangsi,
Vedaah, Rishayah,Puraanaachar-yah, Samvatsrarassavayavah; Devyasya
Trupyantaam, Apsarsah, Devaanugaah, Naagaah, Saagaraah,Parvataah, Saritah,
Manushyaah, Yakshaah, Rakshaamsi, Pishachaah, Suvarnaah, Bhutaani,
Pashavah, Vanaspatayah, Oshadhayah, Bhutagraama chaturvidhastrupyataam/ Om/
This Deva tarpana is followed by Rishi Tarpana with Sapta Rishayah
Mantra in Niveeta Yagnopaveeta as garland and Tarpana twice over to each
of the Sapta Rishis : Sanakastrupyatu, Sanandanah, Sanaatanah, Kapilah,
Aasurih,Vodhuh, Pancha sikhah/ This over, the Karta would assume ‘Apasavya’
position and by stating Ushantatswaa and invoke Pitru Devatas and perform
Tarpana with three Anjalis each time; this act is done along with
Kavyavaada nala strupyan –taam, Somastuh trupyataam, Yamah--, Aaryamaa--,
Agnishwaattah Pitarastrupyantaam, Somapaah Pitarah, Barhishadah--/
This should be followed by Yama Tarpana as follows:
Yamaaya namas -tarpayaami, Dharmaraajaayaa--, Mrityavey--, Antakaaya--,
Vaivaswataaya--, Kaalaaya--, Sarva Bhuta Kshayaaya--, Aoudumbaraaya--,
Dadhnaaya--, Neelaaya-Parameshthiney--, Vrikodaraaya--, Chitraaya--, Chitra
guptaaya--/ Yama Tarpana is optional.
Pitru Tarpana: A person whose father is dead, then while doing
the Tarpana the Kartha in Apasavya position has to keep the Upaveeta down
to his Manibandha or wrist and perform the Tarpana to Three Generations of
Pitra-Maatru Vargas specifically addressing them one by one with the
Ruchaas commencing Udeerataam and keep pouring ‘Tilaajala’ through the
right thumb twisted facing South with the Mantras viz.
Udeerataam- Angirasona pitaro-Aayantunah-Urjam Vaham
Teeramritam-Pitrubhyah -Swadhaavibhyaha- Yecheha- Madhuvaataah and leave
the Tilodakas three times. This would be followed with eight Yajur Mantras
to Maha Mahadas as Ekoddishta Ganaas and execute the Visarjana with the
Mantra Devaa gaatu vidah/ The Karta then takes out water of the
SnaanaVastra and leave it to attain back Shuchi after the Tarpana.
Vaishvadeva Karya: The Fifth Segment of Dina Kartavyaas,
Vaishwdeva is significant as there are five major sources of ‘Jeeva Himsa’
called ‘Panchasuna’: Vaishvadevah prakartavyah Pancha
Sunaapanuttaye,Khandani peshani chulli jala kumbhotha maarjani/ (
‘Khanadani’ or cutting vegetables etc by the Kichen Cutter made of iron or
sharp metals, Peshani or pounding and pasting appliances, retaining water
in and cleaning of vessels; besides washing the material and sweeping and
floor cleaning). Vaishwadeva is one way of reducing the impact of killing
the ‘Pranis’ by way of the these main routine means. This Prakarana of
Vaishvadeva commences from the mornings but not as in the Agni Karyaas in
the evenings. Hence the Sankalpa: Pratassaayam Vaishva Deva karishye/ In
fact, there are Pancha Maha Yagnas that are required to be performed on
daily basis viz. Brahma Yagna, Bhuta Yagna, Pitru Yagna, and Manushya
Yagna. Rigvedis consider three Yagnas viz. Deva Yagna, Bhuta Yagna and
Brahma Yagna; Manushya Yagna is to provide food to Human Beings.
Griha pakva havishvaannaistaila kshaaraadi varjitaih,
Juhuyaatsirpashaabhyaktaih Gruhyegnou loukikey pivaa/
Yasminngnoupachedannam tasmin homo vidhiyatey/
(The ‘Havyanna’ or the food which is cooked at home without oil, salt and
spice but made of ghee in the ‘Gruhaagni’ or Loukigani or that as prepared
at Vivaahaadi Homaas after ‘Nityouposana’ is indeed worthy of Vaishvadeva
Karya). Since this Havishaanna is also used for Pitru Yagna and Nitya
Shraaddha this is eminently worthy of consumption by Brahmanas. This
Vaishvadeva is therefore a sure means of Atma Samskaara and Anna Samskaara.
Therefore there would be one Vaishvadeva in a family unit of undivided
brothers. If for any reason, this kind of ‘Anna paaka’ is unavilable, the
Vaishvadevaanna might be prepared as of Ekadashi Bhojana made of cooked
rice, milk, curd, ghee, fruit and water. Vaishvadeva needs to be done with
‘Anna’ by hand; if this had to be done by water then it has to be by
‘Anjali’. But
Kodravam chanakam maasham masuram cha kulutthakam, Kshaaram cha lavanam
sarvam Vaishwadevevi varjitam/
(The afore-mentioned pulses, spices and salt are forbidden for use in
the Vaishvadeva Karya.) In case the Kartha leaves station then he should
commission a Ritvik to perform the needful. Alternatively he could observe
the Karya wherever he goes out of his house. Rigvedis and Taittiriyaas
consider it necessary to perform Vaishvadeva both in the day time and the
night; they observe it by preparing the Lokaagni Paaka or at Vivahas etc.
as described above. When Vaishvadeva is done twice a day/night,then the
Vaishnavites light up sixteen or five ‘Deepaas’or Lights. After providing
various ‘Upachaaraas’or Services, then they offer Naivedya to Bhagavan
Vishnu with the same food meant for consumption of the family and a part of
it is given as
Viashvadeva. Vishnorniveditaannena yashtavyam Devataantaram,
Pitrubhyaschaapi taddeyan tadaanantyaaya kalpatey/
(The naivedya offered to Bhagavan Vishnu is what should be offered to
other Devataas; in fact this ‘Prasaada’or the ‘Sesha Naivedya’ or the left
over food is apt for offering to Pitru Devataas also as that offer would
secure ‘Ananta Punya’. In this context, a Vaishnava is stated to have
assumed the ‘Diksha’ or Mantrika Discipline from a Guru of the ‘Upadesha’
of the ‘Ashtaakshara Mantra’ and its Japa. Those who are in the ‘Vaishnava
Parampara’or of Vaishnava Following do strictly observe regulations of
Upavasa Dharmaas on Ekadashis and many such self restraints. One might
wonder that after all a person could be qualified as Vaishava only if he
observes severe procedures and conventions like the observance of ‘Pancha
Raatraas’ and so on. This query is replied that it is no doubt observance
of Pancha Ratraas etc. are no doubt great qualifications to become a
Vaishnava, but there are Vaishnvites among Kshatriyas and Vaishyas too as
they do observe Gayatrupadesha-Adhyayana-Daana-Japa-Yagna and such normal
Dharmas effortlessly and at the same perform their Varnaashrama dharmas
like those of Kshatriya’s Administration and Vaishya’s business duties.
They imbibe qualities of Shuchi, Snaana, Sutakatwa, Shraadha vidhis etc
from Vaishnava Brahmanas.
K Rajaram IRS 17624 18624 to be contd
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